% is
not
possibl
e to

Dysuria and
frequency
Vaginitis (5%)
Candida spp.
T. vaginalis
Cystitis (80%)
E. coli,
S. saprophyticus
Proteus spp.
Klebsiella spp.
Urethritis (10-
15%)
C. trachomatis,
N. gonorrhoeae
H. simplex
Other bacteria?
Non-infectious (<1%)
Hypoestrogenism
Functional obstruction
Mechanical obstruction
Chemicals

Transurethral resection
Induction Therapy: Radiation + chemotherapy
(cisplatin, paclitaxel)
Cystoscopy after 1 month
no tumor tumor
Consolidation: RT + CT cystectomy

A nephrostomy is a
surgical procedure by
which a tube, stent, or
catheter is inserted
through the skin
into the kidney

Cutaneous
Ureterostomy…
•One kidney drainage,
with short-live
prognosis
•Complications
(infection, stone,
stenosis)

Cutaneous urinary
diversions
Ileal conduit (ileal loop)
A 12 cm loop of ileum led out
through abdominal wall
Stents used
The space at cystectomy site
drained by a drainage system
After surgery a skin barrier
and a transparent disposable
urinary drainage bag
Constantly drains