This presentation is about techniques of teaching mathematics-Drill Work, Dalton Plan. It includes the definition of each technique, advantages, disadvantages, role of teacher etc.
3. Drill is a way to revise a lesson that has already been taught. ie, it is a means to strengthen
the knowledge that already acquired.
This technique is also known as ‘practice’ or ‘habit formation’.
A student is taught a specific skill. This is followed by page after page of similar problems in
the hope that he will memorize the facts. The student practices this same skill over and over
again for many days. However, the number of similar problems reduces as time goes on.
Used in small doses, drill can be effective and valuable.
The purpose of drill is to increase the proficiency in performance.
Drill provides an opportunity of self-learning and improvement.
The speed and accuracy in mathematics cannot be possible without drill work.
It is based on the psychological principles such as learning by doing and law of exercise.
What Is Drill?
4. — Dr.Yoakam and Simpson
“Drill is a serious work activity or the strengthening of
association to make skills more permanent”.
5. Drill work is the most effective means of fixing the impression of learned facts in the
minds of students.
It is quite helpful in the learning of Algebra, Arithmetic and Geometry.
It gives a sense of achievement and confidence to the students and hence provides a
positive stimulus for further learning.
Drill is quite helpful in revision and it helps in clarifying even the minute details of the
topic.
Drill provides an opportunity for the students to work independently.
Drill has been found quite useful particularly in case of average or below average
students.
IMPORTANCE OF DRILL WORK
6. ADVANTAGES OF DRILL WORK
Learned material can be retained for a long time.
It is an appropriate technique for beginners.
Speed and accuracy can be developed.
Memory can be improved.
It is a very economical device of learning and teaching.
It is less time consuming technique of learning.
Through this method, it becomes possible to distinguish between the dull and the
bright students. Bright students shall be able to solve the exercise rapidly.
It helps the teacher to know the weakness of the students and to provide
individual attention to them.
It keeps the students awake. They have to work regularly so as not to fail in the
examination.
7. It provides an opportunity for the teacher to sit at ease in the class and ask the
students to solve exercise or do the drill.
Drills are not effective when students are not prepared enough.
If not properly handled, it is possible that the students may ask someone else
to help them in their work. This would make them depend upon others.
If exercises are not properly given to the students, it is likely to jeopardize the
interest of the students in the subject.
DISADVANTAGES OF DRILL WORK
8. Drill work should be effective and properly motivated.
Drill should meet the needs and abilities of the child.
Drill work should be short and distributed over a period of time.
Efforts should be made to detect mistakes in student’s work and eliminate them at
the outset.
The drill should be progressively more challenging.
Answers should be provided for the students to check the correctness of their
response.
In this work, the student should be given sufficient opportunity and proper
atmosphere.
Drill work should be an interesting affair and not become unpleasant and boring.
It should not be used as a means of punishment.
Accuracy rather than speed should be given priority during drill.
HOW TO MAKE DRILL EFFECTIVE
10. The Dalton Plan is an educational concept created by Helen Parkhurst.
Educational thinkers such as Maria Montessori and John Dewey influenced Parkhurst
while she created the Dalton Plan.
This plan was developed at the Dalton High School, Massachusetts (USA). Dalton is the
name of the town where the school is located.
It is also known as laboratory plan.
WHAT IS DALTON PLAN?
11. THREE PARTS OF DALTON PLAN
Helen Parkhurst created a three-part plan that continues to be the structural foundation of the Dalton
Plan.
The House, a social community of students.
The Assignment, a monthly goal which students contract to complete.
The Laboratory, subject-based classrooms intended to be the center
of the educational experience. The laboratory involves students from
fourth grade through the end of secondary education.
Students move between subject "laboratories" (classrooms) and explore themes at their own pace.
12. The Dalton Plan divided each subject in the school’s curriculum into monthly
assignments.
The learning activities are organised by giving monthly assignments to the
pupils.
There is no formal class instruction.
Students draw up time-tables and are responsible for finishing the work on
their syllabuses or assignments.
When the assignments for a month are completed, the next monthly
assignments are given.
13.
14. ROLE OF TEACHER IN DALTON PLAN
The teacher in the Dalton plan is a helper not a driver. He is a stimulator not a
dictator. His important role may be stated as under:
Preparing of assignments and giving them to the pupils as and when required.
Keeping an atmosphere of study in the room. Giving explanation of any details of
the assignment and removing the difficulties of the pupil.
Giving information with regard to the use of relevant equipment and materials.
Ensuring that each assignment is finished properly before the new assignment is
given to the pupil.
Keeping full record of the process made by the pupil in different classes.
Keeping the subject library and other equipment up-to-date and in proper order
15. PRINCIPLES OF DALTON PLAN
The principle of freedom
The principle of individual work
The principle of self-effort
The principle of co-operation
The principle of setting goals
16. ADVANTAGES OF DALTON PLAN
Individual Teaching
Continuity of work
Development of qualities like Self-Effort and Self- Confidence confident
Purposeful Learning
Development of Sense of Responsibility
Solving the problem of Discipline
17. Not Suitable for the Average child and a Shirker
Lack of Well-Equipped Libraries and Reading Rooms
Lack of Suitable Teachers
Development of Individualistic Tendencies
DISADVANTAGES OF DALTON PLAN
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