VOCATIONAL TRAINING ON
A.I.R
PRESENTED BY :
RAJEEB AUDDY
AVISHEK DAS
SUDIPTA RANJAN PALIT

Basic Programme Chain at ALL INDIA RADIO
STUDIO
OUTSIDE
C-Band
UPLINK
S-Band
UPLINK
S-Band
Downlink
EQA
CONTROL
ROOM
DTH
Downlink
AUDIO SELECTOR SWITCH
PROG INPUT RACK(TR HALL)
EARTH
STATION
P&TLine
DTH
C-BandD’LINK
S-BandD’LINK
DIGTALLINK
MWLINK
FMLINK
DTH
Uplink
C-Band
Downlink
LIMITER TRANSMITTER

Source of Programmes
Internal:
Studio Broadcasting
External :
Outside Broadcasting

AUDIO
SOURCE
(CONTROL ROOM)
Internal:
a) Studios
b) Linked
c) NEWS
External:
a) Live event
b) Sports event

Categories of station
• Transmitter + Studio ( Co-sited)
( FM Station)
• Transmitter + Studio ( Non Co-sited)
( FM & AM Station)
• Transmitter
( Relay Centre , HPT , SPT)

C
O
N
T
R
O
L
R
O
O
M
Satellite Uplink EARTH
STATION
S
Band
C
Band
C Band
Uplink Terminal
S Band
Uplink Terminal

Downlink Frequency
Frequency range (Down link)
• (i) S-Band = 2.5 to 2.7 GHz
• (ii) C-Band = 3.7 to 4.2 GHz
• (iii) Ex-C Band= 4.5 to 4.8 GHz

Uplink Frequency
(i) Uplink freq. for S-Band
=Down link freq. + 3300 MHz
(ii) Uplink freq. for C-Band/
=Down link freq. + 2225 MHz
(iii) Ex. C Band

C - Band
Uplink Terminal
C - Band
Downlink Terminal
(DTH Uplink Station)
DTH Uplink Terminal
(Ku-Band)

Important Audio Parameter
 Frequency Response
 Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)

S – Band
Uplink
C – Band
Uplink
Ku – Band
Uplink
(DTH)
S – Band
Downlink
C – Band
Downlink
Ku – Band
Downlink
(DTH STB)
AUDIO SELECTOR SWITCH
(PROG INPUT RACK AT TR HALL)

AUDIO
INPUT
SELECTOR
SWITCH
PROG
INPUT RACK
(at TR HALL)
P & T Line
FM Link
Satellite Downlinks
E1 Connectivity ( Limited )
Digital Link
STL Link (Microwave)
DTH Downlinks

AUDIO SELECTOR SWITCH
(PROG INPUT RACK AT TR HALL)
EQUALISED LINE AMPLIFIER
LIMTING AMPLIFIER

EQAAUDIO SELECTOR SWITCH
PROG INPUT RACK(TR HALL) LIMITER
TRANSMITTER

TRANSMITTER RECEIVE
R

What is the basic recognition of
a Radio Transmitter?
It’s
Carrier Frequency

What is the power of a
Radio Transmitter?
It’s
Rated Carrier Power

What are the basic types of
Modulation?
• Amplitude Modulation
• Frequency Modulation
• Digital Modulation

An audio signal (top) may be carried by an
AM or FM radio wave.

What are the basic type of
Radio Transmitter?
• AM Transmitter
• FM Transmitter
• Digital Transmitter

What are the basic type of AM
Transmitter?
• 10 kW
• 2 X 10 kW
• 100 kW
• 2 X 100 kW
• 300 kW
• 2 X 500 kW

What are the basic types of
FM Transmitter?
• 3 kW
• 2 X 3 kW
• 5 kW
• 2 X 5 kW
• 2 X 10 kW

Generation of
RF Signal
Modulator
Processing of
AF Signal
Harmonic
Filtration
Basic Chain of Radio Transmitter

Exciter
10 W
Power
Divider
Power
Divider
POWER
AMP
POWER
AMP
POWER
Combiner
POWER
AMP
POWER
AMP POWER
Combiner
POWER
Combiner
Power
Divider
HF
HF
HF
HF
Basic Block Diagram of FM Transmitter

Thank you!