An Introduction to Cloud Computing

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Sridhara T V

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Contents
➢Introduction and overview of Cloud Computing
➢Why learn cloud computing
➢Understanding terminology and technology of Cloud Computing
➢Deployment and service models
➢Top players in Cloud Computing
➢Hardware and software virtualization
➢Securing resources and data in cloud
➢Migrating apps, products/services to cloud
➢Developing on cloud platform
➢Overview of AWS
➢Demo using AWS

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Introduction to Cloud Computing
➢Distributed computing on Internet or delivery of computing service
over the internet
➢Provides a means by which you can access apps as utilities over the
internet
➢Pay as you go model
➢Reduces the complexity of servers, licenses and networks
➢Scalability, Reliability, High Availability and Security

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What is Cloud Computing
➢Cloud Computing is a collection of high speed inter-connected hardware,
software, storage and other infrastructure delivered over internet
➢The service provider is responsible for provisioning, maintaining,
performing patch updated and other complex activities thus enabling
customer to focus on their business
➢Reduces the complexity of servers, licenses and networks
➢Shared pool of configurable computing / networking / storage resources
➢Provide on-demand services and charge only for the usage
➢Provides a means by which you can access apps as utilities over the
internet
➢Customer gets theoretically infinite capacity of infrastructure
➢Provides Scalability, Reliability and High Availability

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Why Learn Cloud Computing
➢Everyone is talking about it!
➢Seen as acceleration in adoption of cloud
computing and cloud services
➢It is one of the top 5 technology trends to
watch out for next 4-5 years – report by
Gartner
The worldwide public cloud services market is projected to grow 17.3
percent in 2019 to total $206.2 billion, up from $175.8 billion in 2018,
according to Gartner, Inc. In 2018, Gartner forecasts that the market will
grow 21 percent, up from $145.3 billion in 2017.
The fastest-growing segment of the market is cloud system
infrastructure services (infrastructure as a service or IaaS), which is
forecast to grow 27.6 percent in 2019 to reach $39.5 billion, up from $31
billion in 2018 (see Table 1).
By 2022, Gartner expects that 90 percent of organizations purchasing
public cloud IaaS will do so from an integrated IaaS and platform as a
service (PaaS) provider, and will use both the IaaS and PaaS capabilities
from that provider.

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Deployment Models

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Service Models
SaaS
(End users)
PaaS
( Application
developers)
IaaS
(Network
architect)
ValueVisibilitytotheEndUsers

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Service Models

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Essential Characteristics

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Common Characteristics
Elasticity and Scalability Resilient Computing
Advanced Security Geographic Distribution
Detailed Billing Self Service Provisioning
Low Cost Service Management
Ubiquitous API Interface

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Advantages and Benefits of Cloud Computing

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Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing
Compliance / Regulatory
Requirements
Security and Privacy
Uncertainty around
Interoperability, Portability
Low Bandwidth
Reduced Costs
Efficient Resource Sharing
No hassle on Maintenance
Pay-As-You-Use
Swift roll-out of new
Services
High Availability

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Top Players in Cloud Computing

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Cloud Computing Use Case
➢Web and Mobile Applications
➢Backup and Archive
➢Social Networking
➢Disaster Recovery
➢Development and Testing
➢Multi-region hosting
➢Big data Analytics
➢AI/ML
➢Email
➢POC
➢…

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Cloud Customers

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Cloud Services

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GartnerMagicQuadrant

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Why choose cloud
➢Economics
➢Cost advantages resulting in the ability to spread fixed costs over many
customers
➢Virtualization adaption
➢Abstraction of software from hardware
➢Maturity of technology

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Changing the face of Data Center
➢Traditional Data Center
➢Each server for one application which may not be fully utilized
➢More resources required – real estate, power, cooling
➢Virtualized Data Center
➢Hypervisor optimized usage of resources
➢Better power management, core-parking
➢Cloud Computing Data Center
➢High capacity data centers
➢Virtualization-optimized hardware
➢Clock-gating, frequency adjusting, core idling, turn off microprocessor dynamically,
shutting down one or more core can enable processor to provide needed
performance

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Virtualization
➢Virtualization is an abstraction of execution environment or hardware
that can be made dynamically available to multiple users with well
defined protocols
➢Virtualization provides platform for optimizing complex IT resources
in a scalable manner, which is ideal for delivering services

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Types of Virtualization
➢Hardware Virtualization
➢Operating system virtualization
➢Server virtualization
➢Storage virtualization
➢Network Virtualization

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Virtualization Example
Typical Server Virtual Server

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Characteristics of Virtualization
➢Partitioning
➢Many operating systems / resources are supported in a single physical system
by partitioning the available resources
➢Isolation
➢Each virtual system is separated from host and other virtual systems
➢Data shall not be shared between one virtual container with another
➢Encapsulation
➢A virtual system is stored as an Object so that you can identify it by the
service it provides

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Hypervisor
➢Hypervisor is a Virtual Machine Monitor
➢It knows how to act as a traffic cop to make things happen in an
orderly manner
➢Sits at the lowest level of the hardware environment
➢Shows the same App on lots of systems without having to physically
copy that App into each system
➢It can hold any different OS as though it were just anther APP

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Cloud Security
➢By implementing appropriate safeguards, policies and procedures,
private data can be securely stored and accessed in third-party cloud
servers by a network of users.

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Factors to be considered for Cloud Security
➢Administrative safeguards
➢Identity and Access Management (IAM)
➢Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability (CIA)
➢Encryption
➢Back-end security
➢Front-end security
➢Physical safeguards
➢Technical safeguards
➢Two-factor or Multi Factor Authentication (MFA)

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Shared Responsibility Model
➢Cloud providers are Secure (most of them)
➢Moving to the cloud does NOT make YOU secure by default
➢There are several areas where security is the customer’s
responsibility
➢Depends on the service used (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS)
➢Customer benefits from the Cloud vendors Security and Compliance
efforts
➢Identity and Access Management is almost always the customer’s
responsibility

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AWS Shared Responsibility Model

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GCP Shared Responsibility Model

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Azure Shared Responsibility Model

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Migrating to Cloud
➢Determine what is in the environment
➢What are the interdependencies
➢What is going to be easy to migrate and what is going to be hard to
migrate
➢How to migrate each application
➢Outline a plan to migrate in phased manner
➢Start small and grow dynamically

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Migration Strategies
➢Re-hosting – lift and shift
➢Re-platforming – lift-tinker and shift
➢Re-purchasing – moving to a different product
➢Re-factoring / Re-architecting – use cloud native services
➢Retire – get rid of
➢Retain – revisit or do no change

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Migration Strategy

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Migration – Architectural Criteria
➢Does your application require a specific operating system?
➢Does the application have hardware or infrastructure requirements?
➢Does the application observe consistent or fluctuating CPU usage?
➢Does your application have latency and throughput requirements?
➢Does your application have specific compute requirements?
➢Does your application have supportability requirements?
➢Are there any software licensing issues that prevent or limit cloud
usage?

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Migration Approach
Plan Cloud Assessment Proof Of Concept
Deploy Data Applicationc
Optimize Leverage Cloud
Architecture
Optimize
Cloud Setup

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Developing on Cloud Platform
➢Design the application as a collection of Services
➢Decouple the data
➢Consider communications between application components
➢Model and design for performance and scaling
➢Make security systemic within the application

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Factors of Developing Cloud Apps
➢Codebase - Work from a single codebase that is tracked in revision
control with multiple deployments.
➢Dependencies - Declare and isolate application dependencies.
➢Configuration - Store the configuration in the environment and not
within the application.
➢Services - Treat services, such as databases, as attached external
resources
➢Executions - Keep build and run executions separate.
➢States - Execute an application as one or more stateless processes

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Factors of Developing Cloud Apps
➢Port binding - Export services via flexible port binding.
➢Scalability - Scale horizontally - replication of small containers - and
not vertically, with fewer bigger containers.
➢Execution - Start applications fast, but perform a graceful shutdown
when failing.
➢Phases - Minimize differences among development, staging and
production.
➢Logs - Treat all logs as a single event stream.
➢Admin tasks - Run admin and management tasks as one-off
processes.

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Architecting for the Cloud – Best Practices

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Interfaces for Developers
➢Browser Interface
➢REST API
➢SDK
➢CLI
➢Language Specific Toolkits/plugins/APIs/Packages
➢Most of high level languages are supported by all cloud SPs
➢Java
➢Python
➢C++
➢GO
➢…

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Future Trends in Cloud Computing
➢Massive Growth
➢Increase in Storage Capacity
➢Cheaper Storage Solutions
➢Server-less cloud computing
➢Cloud based container services
➢Internet of Thigs
➢5G Networks

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AWS Global Infrastructure

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AWS Management Console
➢The AWS Management Console is a browser-based GUI for Amazon
Web Services (AWS).
➢Through the console, a customer can manage their cloud computing,
cloud storage and other resources running on the Amazon Web
Services infrastructure.
https://aws.amazon.com/console/

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AWS for Developers
➢IDE Toolkits
➢SDKs
➢Command Line Tools
➢Developer Tools
➢Mobile SDKs
➢IoT Device SDKs
https://aws.amazon.com/developer/tools/

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Demo Scenarios
➢Using Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) for data
➢Using Amazon EC2 instance to create a sample webpage

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