3. YELLOWYELLOW
FEVERFEVER
SUJATA MOHAPATRA.SUJATA MOHAPATRA.

4. OUTLINEOUTLINE
 IntroductionIntroduction
 Disease BackgroundDisease Background
 DistributionDistribution
 EpidemiologyEpidemiology
 TransmissionTransmission
 Diagnosis & managementDiagnosis & management
 Prevention and ControlPrevention and Control
 Actions to TakeActions to Take

5. Disease BackgroundDisease Background
 First account ofFirst account of
sickness diagnosed assickness diagnosed as
YF occurred in 1648.YF occurred in 1648.
 Causative agent:Causative agent:
genus Flavivirus.genus Flavivirus.
 Vector: Aedes aegyptiVector: Aedes aegypti
(mosquito).(mosquito).
 Nonhuman primatesNonhuman primates
maintain disease.maintain disease.

6. Global DistributionGlobal Distribution
 In 45 countries ofIn 45 countries of
Africa & LatinAfrica & Latin
America.America.
 More than 900 millionMore than 900 million
people are at risk.people are at risk.
 200,000 cases &200,000 cases &
30,000 deaths30,000 deaths
worldwide each year.worldwide each year.

7. EPIDEMIOLOGYEPIDEMIOLOGY
Flavivirus FibricusFlavivirus Fibricus
ManMan
Forest(>24Forest(>2400
))
YELLOW
FEVER

8. AgentAgent
 Flavivirus FibricusFlavivirus Fibricus
 Group B ArbovirusGroup B Arbovirus

10. Reservoir & VectorReservoir & Vector
 MonkeyMonkey
 MosquitoMosquito

11. Host FactorHost Factor
 All ages & both sexesAll ages & both sexes
 Persons in contact withPersons in contact with
forests.forests.
 Wood cutters, Hunters.Wood cutters, Hunters.
 Immunity-Immunity- One attack ofOne attack of
yellow fever givesyellow fever gives
lifelonglifelong immunity.immunity.

12. The SEVIR ModelThe SEVIR Model
Humans can be in one of five categories at a time.
*Virus incubating*Virus incubating
**Contagious**Contagious
***Includes: survivors, victims, Immune***Includes: survivors, victims, Immune
Susceptible Exposed* Infective** Recovered***
Vaccinated

13. Environmental FactorEnvironmental Factor
 ClimateClimate
 Tropical with a relativeTropical with a relative
humidity.humidity.
 Endemic presence ofEndemic presence of
disease in the jungle.disease in the jungle.
 Social FactorsSocial Factors
 Urbanization,Urbanization,
 More Populated,More Populated,
 Forest.Forest.

14. INCUBATION PERIODINCUBATION PERIOD –– 3-6 days3-6 days
PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITYPERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY -- Blood ofBlood of
patients is infective during the first 3-4days.patients is infective during the first 3-4days.

15. Cycles of YFCycles of YF
TransmissionTransmission
MOSQUITO
MONKE
Y
HUMAN,
MONKE
Y
MOSQUIT
O
HUMAN HUMAN
MOSQUIT
O
MOSQUITO
MOSQUIT
O
MOSQUITO
Jungle Village City
www.who.int

16. Clinical featuresClinical features

17. Diagnosis &Diagnosis &
ManagementManagement
 Blood studiesBlood studies
 Supportive TreatmentSupportive Treatment
 IV FluidsIV Fluids
 AntipyreticsAntipyretics
 AntibioticsAntibiotics
 Use of Mosquito-net orUse of Mosquito-net or
mosquito repellents.mosquito repellents.

18. Prevention & ControlPrevention & Control
 17D17D Vaccine,Vaccine,
 SubcutaneouslySubcutaneously 0.5ml0.5ml,,
 Immunity begins to appear on theImmunity begins to appear on the77thth
day & lasts for more thanday & lasts for more than 35 years35 years..
 International Certificates.International Certificates.