2. What is respiratory system?
The system which exchange
CO2 for O2, which is then
distributed throughout the
body via blood is respiratory
system.
What is respiration?
The process of exchange
of gases between the
living organism and the
surrounding environment
is respiration.
3. Types Of Respiration
Internal Respiration
Exchange of gases between
blood and cells
External Respiration
Exchange of gases
between blood and lungs.
4. Functions Of Respiratory System
Gaseous Exchange: oxygen enters blood and carbondioxide leaves
Acid Base Balance: pH altered by changing blood carbondioxide level
Sound Production: movement of air past vocal folds produces sound and
speech
Olfaction: olfactory mucosa helps in sense of smell
Thermoregulation: heating and cooling of the body
Protection: against microorganism by preventing entry and removing them
5. Organs Of Respiratory System
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs-alveoli
6. On The Basis Of Structure
Upper Respiratory Tract(URT)
Nose and nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Lower Respiratory Tract(LRT)
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Lungs
7. On The Basis Of Functions
Conducting Part
Nose and nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory Part
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar duct
Alveoli
8. Nose/Nasal Cavity
External nose
Nasal cavity
Functions:
Entrance to respiratory tract
Serves sense of smell
Conditioning the air by filtering, warming
and moistening
Resonating the air with help of paranasal
air sinuses
10. Pharynx(Nasopharynx)
Common opening for digestive and
respiratory system
Features Of Nasopharynx:
Nasopharyngeal Tonsil
Nasopharyngeal Bursa
Opening Of Auditory Tube
Tubal Tonsil
Pharyngeal Recess
11. Functions Of Pharynx:
Passageway for air and food
Warming and humidifying air
Hearing
Protection: by producing antibodies
Speech: act as resonating chamber
13. Functions Of Larynx:
Production of sound
Speech
Protection of lower respiratory tract
Passageway for air
Humidifying, filtering and warming of air
14. Trachea
Thin walled musculo-cartilaginous tube (approx. 10cm long)
Connects larynx with bronchi
Lined with typical respiratory epithelium
16-20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
Trachealis muscle
15. Functions Of Trachea:
Support and patency
Mucocilliary escalator
Cough reflex
Warming, humidifying and filtering air
16. All of the following are the components of respiratory units except
i. Atria
ii. Air saccules
iii. Alveolar duct
iv. Terminal bronchioles
Which of the following organ is not included in Upper Respiratory Tract?
i. Nose
ii. Pharynx
iii. Larynx
iv. Trachea
The larynx contains……………… cartilages.
i. 3
ii. 6
iii. 9
iv. 12
17. Part of respiratory tract involver in gas exchange
I. Trachea
II. Bronchus
III. Alveolus
IV. Bronchioles
Exchange of gases between blood and lungs is called
i. Inspiration
ii. Expiration
iii. External respiration
iv. Internal respiration
Auditory tube opens at
I. Nasal cavity
II. Nasopharynx
III. Oropharynx
IV. laryngopharynx
18. Bronchus
Formed by division of trachea
Enters the lung at hilus
Right bronchus is wider, shorter and
straighter then left
It subdivides into smaller bronchioles
23. Root of lungs
Broad pedicle which connects medial surface of lungs to mediastinum
24. Bronchopulmonary Segment
Anatomical, physiological and surgical unit of lungs aerated
by segmental or tertiary bronchus
Well defined area of lungs supplied by each segmental
bronchus and segmental artery
Drained by intersegmental part of pulmonary vein.
26. Pleura
Thin double layered, serous membrane covering the lungs
Two layers:
Parietal Pleura- outer
Visceral Pleura- inner
Between two layers lies pleural cavity with lubricating fluid.
27.
28. The covering of lungs is called
A) pericardium B) periosteum
C) pleura D) peritoneum
Left lung has……. Lobes.
A) 2 B) 3
C) 4 D) 5
Right bronchus differs from left bronchus that is
A) narrower, larger and more horizontal
B) wider, shorter and more vertical
C) wider, longer and equally bent
D) both bronchi are similar