Accessing Smartphones: Mobile for All in Museums (American Alliance of Museums 2014)

Sofie Andersen, Antenna International /Antenna Lab
@antenna_lab @sofieny
Annie Leist, Art Beyond Sight
@ArtByndSight @artaccessannie
Christine Murray, Antenna International
@AntennaIntl
Danielle Linzer, Whitney Museum of American Art
@whitneymuseum @bigdlinz
Tasia Endo, Seattle Art Museum
@iheartSAM @tasiaendo
Matt Kaplowitz, BridgeMultimedia & Art Beyond Sight
mkaplowitz@bridgemultimedia.com

Accessibility and Smartphones: Formative Research Review
Technology Review & Demo
Accessibility Features for Museums
Case Studies - Whitney Museum of American Art and Seattle Art
Museum
Assistive Technology Meets Specialized Content
Recommendations/Resources
HASHTAGS: #m4allAAM #a11y #AAM2014

Sofie Andersen, Senior Digital Media Strategist
Antenna International/Antenna Lab
sandersen@antennainternational.com
@antenna_lab @sofieny

Research
Question
How are people with disabilities using smartphones in
everyday life, what are their needs in museums, and how are
mobile technologies currently being used by museums?

Participants so far (Jan 2014 - ongoing):
44 cultural institutions
9 access organizations
61 people with disabilities
Individual participants identified mostly as people who are blind or have low
vision.
NB. %’s from the survey are for the questions answered, and do not reflect
the total number of participants, as not every question was answered by
every participant.
Survey Data
Overview

Museums
Surveyed
75% US Museums & 25% European Museums
63% Art, 36% Historical, 10% Monuments, 10% Science, 10%
Children’s

Museums and
Access
93% of museums surveyed provide accessible programs or functionalities

People with
Disabilities at
Museums
• 26% of people with disabilities (PWDs) come to a museum once a month
and 42% once a year.
• PWDs (66%) spend 1-2 hours or longer - spend significant time at museums
and come regularly.

Museums and
Access
Museum challenges expressed by participants:
Dispersed information, ambient noise, exterior
locations, complex spaces, busy environments.

Smartphones &
Everyday Life
• Mobile device ownership by people with disabilities (PWDs) aligns with general
population.
• 60% iPhones, 31% Android phones/tablets and 25% iPads.

Museums and
Mobile
• 65-69% of people with disabilities (PWDs) have used audioguide or
smartphone to visit a museum.
• 50% of PWDs rate audio tours most important interpretation.
• Museums considering mobile are hindered by funding and uncertain
mobile strategy.

Annie Leist, Visual Artist and Special Projects Lead
Art Beyond Sight
aleist@artbeyondsight.org
@ArtByndSight @artaccessannie

• VoiceOver, other screen readers
• Guided Access
• Hearing aid support
• Magnify mode
• Inverted colors mode
• Assistive Touch
• Switch control, alternate input methods
Device accessibility features

CONTENT AND FUNCTIONALITIES Current
Practices
Screen Readers and Text to Speech
Adjustable Font Sizes
Transcripts
Verbal Description Audio + Video
Video Captions
Signed Videos
UI/Design
Navigation/Geofencing
QR/NFC/AR/IR
Multisensory Experiences

SCREEN READERS
• In device settings & out of the box / app functionality.
• Text to Speech APIs (Application Programming Interface) part of app
software/native apps.
• Survey > most used smartphone technology (72%).
• Apps have to be optimized; many museum apps don’t currently work
fully with screen readers.
Current
Practices

TEXT CONTROL & MAGNIFICATION Current
Practices
• Adjusts size of text with
pinch/zoom or toggle button.
• Text for visitors who are deaf
or low-vision to use with
TTS (Text to Speech) or
screen reader functionality.
• Survey > Adjustable text
sizes highly rated feature
(41%).

AUDIO + VIDEO DESCRIPTIONS
• Verbal/audio descriptions of objects – connect & inform
own opinions
• Audio descriptions of video – nuances, actions & jokes
not conveyed through dialogue or narrative.
• Survey > People with disabilities (PWDs) voted visual
descriptions most important interpretation (77%), then
technical information about the work. Public opinions
lowest rated.
Current
Practices

MULTI-SENSORY ELEMENTS
Tactile overlays
Polarized screens
Braille displays
Haptic feedback/vibrations
Induction loops
Screen/button combos
Tactile/audio combos

WAYFINDING Navigation/
Geofencing
74% of adult Americans use phone for geo-location info (PEW14).
GPS- Global Positioning Systems
AR- Augmented Reality
QR- Quick Response Code
NFC- Near Field Communications
IR- Infrared Communications

WAYFINDING Navigation/
Geofencing
“It’s hard to find the pieces in the app in the museum”
GPS – Challenging for interiors. Bytelight, iBeacon changing this.
AR – Disney’s Revel for haptic & Google’s Project Tango wayfinder.
QR/NFC/IR – ‘point and click’ problematic at close range.
Wearables – Google glass, Orcam.

Christine Murray, Content Designer
Antenna International
@antenna_lab @AntennaIntl

CAPTIONING & SIGNING Current
Practices
• Art of translating into American Sign Language (ASL) – cultural
translation and different SL’s e.g. British Sign Language (BSL).
• Sign languages are not static languages. The same idea can be
expressed in multiple ways.
• Video captions for deaf users are also useful for everyone - in
noisy environments.

DEVICE CONSIDERATIONS
• Modifying experience for
screen size
• Consider screen orientation –
signers need space
• All art/jargon has to to be
spelled out; can affect
lengthen.

ASL VIDEO USS MIDWAY
2014 MUSE
AWARD
WINNER

EXPERIENCE DESIGN
• No ‘one size fits all’ approach, particularly for complex spaces.
• Hybrid experiences - digital with analogue.
• The right tech fit - smartphones may not always be best solution
or even viable option.
• These experiences translate to general audiences.

UI DESIGN Spaulding
Rehabilitation
Hospital

Danielle Linzer
Whitney Museum of American Art
Danielle_Linzer@whitney.org
@whitneymuseum @bigdlinz

Whitney Museum of American Art,
New York, NY

Making Contemporary Art Accessible

Devices: To Lend or Not to Lend?
Will you allow visitors to bring-their-own-
devices, or will you provide all hardware?

User Testing: Focus Groups
• Conducted in-house
• One session with
culturally Deaf users
• One session with deaf
and hard of hearing
visitors, including
several visitors ages
65+
• Gathered feedback
about usability, quality
of experience, value
of device

Focus Groups: Lessons Learned
• Deaf users unfamiliar with audio guide
format because of historic exclusion
• Text alternatives, captioning, and ASL
content highly valued
• Don’t want multimedia/mobile device to
replace live interactions, Deaf guide
programs

Focus Groups: Lessons Learned
• Varying levels of comfort/familiarity with
devices
• Older visitors experienced more challenges
with devices
• Neckloop interference issues
• When used successfully, access features
greatly enhanced the museum visit
• Effective outreach, marketing, and training is
necessary to make accessible mobile
experiences successful

Mobile Design: An Iterative Process

Using Digital Media to Improve Access for All

Reflections on Process
• Options like text enlargement, captioning,
and access videos can benefit a wide
range of users, not just those who identify
as having disabilities
• Museums can be advocates to vendors
and developers for the inclusion of
accessible/universally designed features

Reflections on Process
• Training/orientation materials can be made
available in accessible alternative formats
to help new users
• Both content and interface benefit from
formative and summative user testing
• Each museum and each audience is
unique– there are no one-size-fits-all
solutions

Tasia Endo, Assistant Museum Educator for Technology
Interpretation & Special Projects
Seattle Art Museum
tasiae@seattleartmuseum.org
@iheartSAM @tasiaendo

Tasia Endo
Assistant Museum Educator for Interpretive Technology | Special Projects
tasiae@seattleartmuseum.org

Rembrandt, Van Dyck, Gainsborough:
The Treasures of Kenwood House, London
European Masters: The Treasures of Seattle
FEB 14 – MAY 19, 2013

Matt Kaplowitz, Chief Creative Officer
Bridge Multimedia
Art Beyond Sight Advisory Board Member
HASHTAGS: #m4allAAM #ay11 #AAM2014

Responsive design is the de facto tech design standard for digital media.
Responsive content design can be museums’ trajectory for specialized
audience engagement, particularly through project-based learning.

What is responsive content design?
Responsive content design is content that is presented using assistive
technology and is constructed to be accessible to people with disabilities.
Many ways to accomplish this live inside every tablet and smartphone.

Some of the functional issues to consider with specialized audiences:
• Orientation and mobility
• Cognitive disabilities
• Speech and language development
• Deaf/hard of hearing
• Autism spectrum disorder
• Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Let’s examine some practical ways responsive content design can be the
springboard to audience engagement.

Pre-visit, an itinerary can be planned, based on functional needs.
Understanding “the lay of the land” has big benefits for people with
mobility impairments, memory loss, autism, and blind/low vision.

Reviewing the museum’s floor plans and exhibition layouts enable visitors
to more fully enjoy their museum experiences.

Pre-planning the tour stops
along the way has never been
easier. Even just using the
mobile phone’s notepad with
GPS yields benefits particularly
for visitors who are mobility
impaired, B/VI, ADHD, or
autism spectrum disorder.

Literacy-support technology provides enhanced text-to-speech, text
highlighting, an integrated dictionary, foreign language translation, voice
recording, and real-time dynamic performance assessment. (Video clip #1)

3-D signing avatars present dictionary definitions of STEM vocabulary, optimized to
the learning objectives of people who are deaf/hard of hearing. Customized text
can also be loaded. These avatars sign in American Sign Language and Signed English.
Synchronized text-to-speech and/or human voice is provided. (Video clip #2)

Pictello
Create visual stories and talking books
on your iPad, iPhone and iPod touch.
Guided learning platforms are a natural fit with museum experiences.
They begin with vocabulary-awareness, move on to sentence building,
continue with graphic organizers, and end with illustrated book creation.
Text-to-speech and voice recording is included. All for under $20.

Game accessibility––both game playing and game creation––is a natural catalyst
for museum engagement. The International Game Developers Association, Game
Accessibility Special Interest Group provides conceptual and technical assistance.

Since M.I.T. created the game creation platform called Scratch, more than 5.5 million
projects have been shared through social media. Many of these are STEM related.
36 million people have participated Code.org’s HOUR OF CODE.

All sketching, drawing, painting, animating styles are
available on mobile and tablet-based apps.

All sketching, drawing, painting, and animation styles are available on mobile
and tablet-based apps.

Project-based learning built around museum experiences can find
expression through sound design, music creation, and voice and
music recording on mobile and tablet apps such as GarageBand.

The iPad has opened the world to children and adults with autism as nothing
before it ever did. People on the spectrum can engage––and share––their
museum experiences through smartphone and iPad communication and
social media apps specifically designed for them.

Aperitivos/Apetizers
Caldo Del Dia / Soup of the Day $ 5
Calamares al Fuego / Fried Calamari $ 6
Served with a Chile Coconut Sauce
Quesadilla $ 5
Flour Tortilla with Cheese
La Batata Frita / Sweet Potato Fries $ 3
Sweet Potato Fries
Queso Fundido / Melted cheese with pork linguisa $ 7
A Blend of Three Cheeses melted with Linguisa. Served with Fresh Tortilla Chips
Totopos y Salsa / Chips & Salsa $ 3
Ensaladas/Salads
Ensalada Argentina / Argentinian Chopped Salad $ 8
Shredded Romaine, Capers, Olives, Tomato, Cucumber, Red Bell Pepper,
Red Onion, Garbanzos, Shredded Parmesan tossed with a Sherry & Shallot Vinaigrette
Ensalada Cesar / Caesar Salad $ 8
Finished with Plantain Croutons
Ensalada de la Casa / House Salad $ 5
Add chicken to any salad for $ 2
Sandwiches
All sandwiches are served with your choice of a mixed salad or batata frita
Media Noche/ Cuban Sandwich $10
Panini toasted French roll filled with Swiss cheese, pork, ham, pickles and mustard
Enrollado / Vegetarian Roll $ 9
Eggplant, Red Pepper, Hummus, Olive Tapenade & Queso Fresco
Sandwich a la de Carne Argentina / Argentinian Steak Sandwich $10
Finished with a Chimi Churi Verde, Pickled Vegetables and a Garlic Aioli
Torta de Pollo con Mole / Chicken Mole sandwich $ 9
With homestyle refried beans, shredded lettuce, pickled jalapenos and tomatillo salsa
Hamburguesa Cubana / Cuban Hamburger $10
Spanish chorizo sausage and hamburger on a toasted French Roll with fried onions,
garlic aioli and mustard
Flatbreads
Oaxacan Tlayuda Chicken Mole $10
Black bean puree topped with shredded chicken mole negro, shredded mozzarella, crisp
Lettuce, queso fresco and a chile crema
Spanish Chorizo $10
Pimento, shallot and garlic tomato puree topped with authentic Spanish chorizo,
Mushrooms, shredded mozzarella and fresh cilantro
Fresca $ 9
Garlic, oven roasted tomatoes, cilantro, shredded mozzarella and cotija cheese
Entremes/Entrees
All plates are served with Choice of Batata Frita, Mixed Green Salad or Rice & Beans
Enchiladas – Verdes, Rojas o Mole / Green, Red or Mole $12
Filled with Chicken, Spinach and Cheese. .Topped with your choice of sauce
Street Tacos $ 9
Your choice of two chicken or steak tacos topped with onions, cilantro and a choice of
green or red salsa.
Postres / Desserts
Arroz con Leche / Rice pudding $ 5
Flan de Coco/ Coconut Flan $ 5
Bebidas / Beverages Cerveza/Beer Vino / Wine
Assorted Sodas $ 2 Corona $ 6 Blanco / White $ 6 $28
Iced Tea $ 3 Dos XX $ 6 Sauvignon Blanc
Mint Lemonade $ 3 Heineken $ 6 Chardonnay
Coffee or Tea $ 2 Bud Light $ 5 Tinto / Red
Matte Latte $ 4 Merlot
Mexican Hot Chocolate $ 4 Cabernet
Brazilian Hot Chocolate $ 5
Mocha, Latte or Cappuccino $ 4
Espresso or Americano $ 3
644 Alamitos Ave, Long Beach, CA Telephone: (562) 590-9034
Hours: Closed Monday and Tuesday, Open Wed 11:00 – 4:30, Thurs 11:00 – 9:00, Fri – Sun 11:00 – 4:30
Food allergies and sensitivities
are an ever-present consideration
for adult and child groups.
Social media and web-based
communication are facilitating the
information process in ways never
before possible.

Facial recognition software combined with eye gaze technology have
made communication possible for people with multiple sclerosis, muscular
dystrophy, cerebral palsy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

More controversial is using these technologies for demographic analytics, i.e.,
“neuro-economics.” Nevertheless, the data derived has far-reaching implications
for museums understanding and engaging their communities. (Video clip #3)

Realize accessibility audiences are diverse
Create online pre-planning resources
Utilize existing access tools (and allow device
customization)
One size does not fit all
Use universal design principles
Test early and often
Invest in staff training
RECOMMENDATIONS
“Accessibility is not a checklist – it is a goal”

PEW Internet and American Life – 2013 & 2014
Museum Mobile 2013 – survey and analysis
Wireless Rehabilitation 2013 – National Survey
and Reports
IBM CSUN 2013 report
AFB 2014 conference papers
CSUN 2014 conference initial reports
Curator Magazine, Accessibility Issue, July 2013
RESEARCH
Take the survey!
ABS/AI Survey – 2014 & ongoing
https://www.facebook.com/events/642303872497214/?pre
viousaction=join&source=1

Apple Accessibility:
• https://developer.apple.com/accessibility/
Android:
• http://developer.android.com/design/patterns/access
ibility.html
• http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/accessi
bility/apps.html
• http://eyes-
free.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/documentation/andr
oid_access/index.html
Microsoft App Builder:
• http://appdevelopermagazine.com/1268/2014/3/31/E
qual-Access-App-Development:-Create-an-App-
RESOURCES/TOOLS

Art Beyond Sight’s website has information
on cultural accessibility, verbal description,
museum experiences for low-vision visitors
and web accessibility for cultural
institutions;
http://www.artbeyondsight.org/docs/fln%20form
atted%20White%20Paper.pdf
http://www.artbeyondsight.org/mei/wp-
content/uploads/WP_MSWEB.pdf
Antenna Lab has blog posts on accessible
media and technology, and the latest trends
in museum innovation:
www.antennalab.org
RESOURCES/TOOLS

Sofie Andersen, Antenna International / Antenna Lab
sandersen@antennainternational.com, @antennalab
Annie Leist, Art Beyond Sight
aleist@artbeyondsight.org, @ArtByndSight, @artaccessannie
Christine Murray, Antenna International
cmurray@antennainternational.com
Danielle Linzer, Whitney Museum of American Art
Danielle_Linzer@whitney.org, @whitneymuseum
Tasia Endo, Seattle Art Museum
tasiae@SeattleArtMuseum, @iheartSAM, @tasiaendo
Matt Kaplowitz, BridgeMultimedia / Art Beyond Sight
THANK YOU! QUESTIONS?

 Survey participants and individuals spreading the word
 Panelists Danielle Linzer, Tasia Endo, Matt Kaplowitz, Annie Leist, Christine
Murray and research support from Blaire Moskowitz
 ABS staff Elisabeth Axel, Nina Levent, Ibraheem Fakir
 Cynthia Overton Ph.D, American Institutes for Research
 Museum Access specialists Rebecca McGinnis, Hannah Goodwin & Beth
Ziebarth
 Digital Accessibility Specialists Tom Babinski for use of CSUN13 research,
and Sina Bahram
 Information videos produced by Lou Giansante for ABS
 American Foundation for the Blind Technology Lab
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
With thanks for participation and ongoing research

Accessing Smartphones: Mobile for All in Museums (American Alliance of Museums 2014)

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