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1. All About Tigers In
Mudumalai
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4.  The tiger (Panthera tigris), a member of the Felidae family,
is the largest of the four "big cats" in the genus Panthera
 Tigers have a lifespan of 10–15 years in the wild, but can
live longer than 20 years in captivity
 They are territorial and generally solitary animals
 Three of the nine subspecies of modern tiger have
gone extinct, and the remaining six are classified
as endangered,
 The Bengal tiger or the Royal Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris ti
the most common subspecies of tiger and is found primaril
in India

5. A tigress may have a territory of 20 square kilometres, while
the territories of males are much larger, covering 60–
100 km2
Tigers are thought to be nocturnal predators, hunting at
night. However, in areas where humans are absent, they
have been observed via remote controlled, hidden cameras
hunting during the daylight hours.
The gestation period is 16 weeks. The litter size usually
consists of around 3–4 cubs of about 1 kilogram (2.2 lb)
each, which are born blind and helpless.
The cubs become independent around 18
months of age, but it is not until they are
around 2–2½ years old that they leave their
mothe

6. Sub species of Tiger
1) Royal Bengal Tiger
2) Indo- Chinese Tiger
3) Sumatran Tiger
4) Siberian Tiger
5) South-China Tiger
6) Malayan Tiger
Extinct Sub species
6) Bali Tiger
7) Javan Tiger
8) Caspian Tiger

7. Causes of Extinction and Decrease in
Numbers
HUNTING FOR SPORT WAS THE MAJOR CAUSE OF
DECREASING TIGER POPULATION

9. Hunting
Playing

10. Camera Trapping
What is camera trapping?
 Camera trapping is a method that is used to study secretive and
nocturnal animals which are difficult to sight in daytime.
 This method can be used to identify individual animals with distinctive
markings such as stripes of a tiger and spots in leopard which are unique
for each individual
 A Camera Trap consists of Two sets of cameras which are placed
opposite.
 They have a heat sensor which is a small round like which sense body
heat of anything coming in front of it.
 When the animal crosses both the cameras the heat sensor triggers the
camera automatically due to internal system
 This method has been successfully used to study the population of
tigers, leopards in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve.

13. CAMERA TRAP

14. RIGHT FLANK
LEFT FLANK

15. CAMERA TRAP PHOTOGRAPHS OF TWO INDIVIDUAL TIGERS

23. Leopard with cubs

24. Elephant curious about
Camera flash!
A Sloth bear

25. PREY SPECIES OF TIGER IN MUDUMALAI TIGER RESERVE
Barking deer (Muntiakus muntjak)
Chital (Axis axis)

26. SAMBAR (Cervus unicolor)
INDIAN GAUR (Bos
gaurus)

27. Wild pig (Sus scrofa)

28. P
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D
A
T
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S

29. While the claw marks are visible in a dog’s pugmark, in cat’s
unless they are walking in slippery ground claw marks are
not visible
In Dog family, except in case of Hyaena, the gap between
the top of the pad and the two middle toes is distinctly more
than what is found in cats.
Pugmark of a Dog
Pugmark of a Cat

30. RIGHT FRONT of
Tiger
RIGHT HIND of
Tiger

31. MALE Tiger Pugmark





FEMALE Tiger Pugmark
The pugmark of a male almost fits into a square.
The pugmark of a female fits into a rectangle.
The shape of toes in a male is more rounded.
The shape of toes in a female is elongated.
If the difference between PML and PMB is less than 1.5 cms, the
pugmark is likely to be that of a male.
 If the difference between PML and PMB is more than 1.5 cms, the
pugmark is likely to be that of a female.

32. WHERE TO SEARCH FOR PUGMARKS
1. Dusty or damp ground.
2. Forest paths and roads.
3. Animal trails.
4. River and stream beds.
5. Near water holes.
6. Dry nala beds.
7. In the vicinity of natural salt
licks.

33. To make a plaster cast
We need:
Plaster of Paris (Medical quality)
Water
A stick to stir
A mug to prepare paste

34. However, a tiger census carried out in 2007, whose report
was published on February 12, 2008, stated that the wild
tiger population in India declined by 60% to approximately
1,411
A major concerted conservation effort, known as Project
Tiger, has been underway since 1973, initially spearheaded
by Indira Gandhi
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India is home to the world's largest population of tigers in
the wild.[92] According to theWorld Wildlife Fund, of the
3,500 tigers around the world, 1,400 are found in India. Only
11% of original Indian tiger habitat remains, and it is
becoming significantly fragmented and often degraded

35. HELP SAVE TIGERS - SUPPORT
TIGER CONSERVATION.
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