Latest technique for Early stage Cancer Detection

2. What are Circulating tumor
cells?
 These are cells which shed from a
cancerous tumor, enter the circulatory
system through the blood and affects
other organs, leading to death of that
organism.
 The first CTCs were observed in the
year 1869 by Thomas Ashworth. He
demonstrated its critical role in the
spread of metastatic
carcinoma. Ashworth, T. R (1869).
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3. CTC under Microscope
(fluorescent labeled)
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4.  Circulating tumor cells are found in
frequencies on the order of 1-10 CTC per ml
of whole blood in patients with metastatic
disease.
 They posses the characteristics which reflect
the heterogeneity of cancer.
 Hence there isolation and identification is quite
challenging and not so easily detected.
Yu M., Haber D. A., et al. (2012).
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5. DETECTION & ISOLATION
METHODS
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6. CELL SEARCH METHOD-(epithelial
cell adhesion molecule) EpCAM
method
Yu M., Haber D. A., et al. (2012).
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7. Gold based nano-particle
adherence method
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8. Mosaic CTC assay method
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9. Di-electrophoresis separation
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10. ISOFLUX SYSTEM
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11. CTC-CHIP
An Exciting New Tool to Detect Circulating
Tumor Cells in Lung Cancer and Prostate
Cancer Patients
(M. Toner,J. Kaiser)
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12.  It is a Silicon Chip of the size of standard microscopic slide.
 It has an array of 78,000µm-sized posts and they are etched
in a specific geometric pattern.
 The chip is “functionalized” with Epithelial cell adhesion
molecule (EpCAM).
 It was introduced by Dr. Mehmet Toner in the year 2007, at
Massachusetts General Hospital. (M. Toner,J. Kaiser)
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14. Fluorescent Staining of different
antibodies present within the metastatic
cells
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15. Structure of CTC lung Cancer
under Microscope
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16. Structure of CTC Breast Cancer
under Microscope
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17. Structure of CTC Colon Cancer
under Microscope
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18.  Scientists believe that Micro Fluidics will play a
significant role in promoting the study of CTCs
and advancing the race toward achieving clinical
relevance.
 Some of the Microfluidics system has already
gained importance in the world of clinical trials.
 Microfluidics has facilitated the development of
many innovative and flexible research systems
that can capture CTCs at increasingly higher
yields and facilitate all manners of downstream
characterization.
 Recent research is made to make CTCs as
therapeutic drug targets and biomarkers. (Butler
JE, Ni L)
Future Prospects…
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19. CTCs are the messenger and message of
metastasis
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20. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Butler JE, Ni L, Nessler R, Joshi KS, Suter M, Rosenberg B, Chang J,Brown
WR, Cantarero LA: The physical and functional behavior of capture
antibodies adsorbed on polystyrene. J Immunol Methods 1992,150:77e90.
 M. Toner. (2013, January 14). Keynote Speaker. SLAS Conference: Miami,
Florida.
 J. Kaiser. (2010). “Cancer's Circulation Problem.” Science Journals. (Online
article). http://www.sciencemag.org/content/327/5969/1072.full.
 Cristofanilli M, Hayes DF, Budd GT, et al. Circulating tumor cells: a novel
prognostic factor for newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer,J Clin Oncol
2005;23:1420 –1430.
 Ashworth, T. R (1869). "A case of cancer in which cells similar to those in
the tumors were seen in the blood after death". Australian Medical
Journal 14: 146–7.
 Yu M., Haber D. A., et al. (2012). "RNA sequencing of pancreatic circulating
tumor cells implicates WNT signaling in metastasis". Nature 487 (7408):
510–3.
 Butler JE, Ni L, Nessler R, Joshi KS, Suter M, Rosenberg B, Chang J,Brown
WR, Cantarero LA: The physical and functional behavior of capture
antibodies adsorbed on polystyrene. J Immunol Methods 1992,150:77e90
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21. 21
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