This document discusses different types of biosensors. It begins with an introduction to biosensors, describing them as analytical devices that combine a biological component with a physicochemical detector to detect a chemical substance and translate the detection into a measurable electronic signal. It then discusses the basic working principle of biosensors and describes four main types: electrochemical biosensors, optical biosensors, thermal biosensors, and glucose biosensors. Electrochemical biosensors detect biological binding events through changes in conductance, resistance or capacitance. Optical biosensors convert light rays into electronic signals proportionate to the concentration of a measured substance. Thermal biosensors measure heat released or absorbed in biochemical reactions. Glucose biosensors specifically measure blood glucose levels. The

1. TYPES OF BIOSENSORS
Name : Shubham Laxman Chavanke
Department : Engineering Sciences
Class : FY BTech (Electrical Engineering)

2. CONTENT
• Introduction to Biosensors
• Construction of Biosensors
• Basic Working Principle of Biosensors
• Types of Biosensors
• Conclusion
• References
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3. INTRODUCTION TO BIOSENSORS
• A biosensor is an analytical device, used
for the detection of a chemical
substance, that combines a biological
component with a physicochemical
detector.
• The detected analysis is translated into a
measurable electronic signal.
• Dr. Leland C. Clark Jr. developed a
biosensor for oxygen detection in 1956
and hence referred as father of
biosensor.
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4. CONSTRUCTION OF BIOSENSORS
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5. BASIC WORKING PRINCIPLE OF BIOSENSORS
• The biological material is immobilized and a contact is made between the
immobilized biological material and the transducer.
• The analyte binds to the biological material to form a bound analyte which
in turn produces the electronic response that can be measured.
• Sometimes the analyte is converted to a product which could be associated
with the heat, gas (oxygen), electrons or hydrogen ions. The transducer
then converts the product linked changes into electrical signals which can
be amplified and measured.
• Types of biosensors :
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• Electrochemical Biosensor
• Optical Biosensor
• Thermal Biosensor
• Glucose Biosensor

6. ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR
• Electrochemical biosensors are analytical devices based on measuring
biological binding event-dependent changes in conductance, resistance
or capacitance of the biosensor surface.
• They provide an attractive means to analyze the content of a biological
sample due to direct conversion of a biological event to an electronic
signal.
• They are further classified into three types :
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• Amperometric Biosensors
• Conductometric Biosensors
• Potentiometric Biosensors

7. ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR (Cont…)
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8. OPTICAL BIOSENSORS
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• Optical biosensors are analytical devices that converts light rays into
electronic signals.
• The basic objective of an optical biosensor is to produce a signal which is
proportionate to the concentration of a measured substance.
• They are powerful alternative to conventional analytical techniques; for
their particularly high specification, sensitivity, small size, and cost
effectiveness.
• Optical biosensors could play an important role in providing powerful
analytical tools to the agricultural diagnosis.

9. OPTICAL BIOSENSOR (Cont…)
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10. THERMAL BIOSENSORS
• Thermal biosensors are analytical devices that measures the heat
energy released or absorbed in a biochemical reaction.
• The heat transfer method has emerged as an appealing sensing strategy
due to its low-cost, fast and label-free nature.
• In recent years, some specialty biosensors are been developed :
• Due to the universal detection principle, thermal biosensors are
applicable in multiple fields like healthcare, home monitoring, etc.
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• Thermal biosensor for chemical oxygen detection in water.
• MEMS Thermal biosensor.

11. THERMAL BIOSENSORS (Cont…)
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12. GLUCOSE BIOSENSORS
• Glucose biosensors are analytical devices that measures blood glucose
level, which is the glucose found in the fluid between the cells.
• Wearable glucose monitors providing continuous blood glucose levels
rely on the precision and accuracy of glucose biosensors present in
them.
• They are crucial in the process of insulin delivery to effectively manage
diabetes.
• Glucose biosensors are categorized into :
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• 1st Generation Glucose Biosensor
• 2nd Generation Glucose Biosensor
• 3rd Generation Glucose Biosensor

13. GLUCOSE BIOSENSORS (Cont…)
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14. CONCLUSION
• Biosensors are devices comprising a biological element and a
physiochemical detector that are used to detect analytes.
• These instruments have wide range of applications in various fields
ranging from clinical to environmental.
• Graphical representation of usage of different types of biosensors :
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15. REFERENCES
• Mohanty, S. P., & Kougianos, E. (2006). Biosensors: A tutorial review. Ieee Potentials, 25(2),
35-40.
• Han, J., Wang, J., Wang, J., Fan, D., & Dong, S. (2022). Recent advancements in coralyne
(COR)-based biosensors: Basic principles, various strategies and future
perspectives. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 114343.
• Thevenot, D. R., Toth, K., Durst, R. A., & Wilson, G. S. (1999). Electrochemical biosensors:
recommended definitions and classification. Pure and applied chemistry, 71(12), 2333-2348.
• Dey, D., & Goswami, T. (2011). Optical biosensors: a revolution towards quantum nanoscale
electronics device fabrication. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 2011.
• Vasuki, S., Varsha, V., Mithra, R., Dharshni, R. A., Abinaya, S., Dharshini, R. D., &
Sivarajasekar, N. (2019). Thermal biosensors and their applications. Am. Int. J. Res. Sci. Tech.
Eng. Math, 262-264.
• Scognamiglio, V., & Arduini, F. (2019). The technology tree in the design of glucose
biosensors. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 120, 115642.
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16. Thank You