• Landscaping: importance , objectives, principles, elements, material (soft and hard). • Urban renewal for quality of life and livability. • Importance of sustainable architecture with case study.

1. ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN
PLANNING
UNIT 2
PRINCIPLE OF LANDSCAPING AND
URBAN DESIGN
Mr. Shrikant R. Kate
M. Tech (Civil-CM)

2. SYLLABUS OF UNIT 2
Unit II (6 Hrs.)
 Landscaping: importance, objectives,
principles, elements, material (soft and hard).
 Urban renewal for quality of life and
livability.
 Importance of sustainable architecture with
case study.

3. WHAT IS LANDSCAPING?
 Landscaping is a profession that includes
designing, installing, and maintaining the
outdoor human environment.
 Landscaping is refer to any activity that
modify the visible features of an area of
land.
 There are 3 branches of the landscaping
industry
 Landscape Architecture
 Landscape Contractors
 Landscape Maintenance

4. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
 Licensed professions
 Conceptualize and plan the outdoor environment or
landscape for residential and commercial clients.
 Landscape designers usually do actual drawings for
residential landscapes.
LANDSCAPE CONTRACTORS
 Carry out the installation or actual construction of the
landscape plan
 Often use subcontractors to do special work such as
pools, electrical work, stonework, etc.
LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE
 Extended care of existing landscapes
 The care and upkeep of the landscape after installation

5. TYPES OF LANDSCAPE PLANS
There are three types of plans used
in landscaping
 Sequential
 Computer Assisted
 Graphics

6. SEQUENTIAL PLANS
 Each part of the plan is increasingly more
specific and detailed.
 Includes
 Functional diagrams
 Preliminary designs
 Final Plans

7. COMPUTER ASSISTED
 Also called drawing
board
 CAD (Computer
Aided Design)
systems are
accelerated drafting
systems, designed to
draw landscape plans
using a personal
computer.

8. GRAPHICS
 Consists of letters and numbers
 Free-hand lettering
 Mechanical lettering
 Computer lettering

9. 1. Economic
2. Environment
3. Lifestyle
IMPORTANCE OF LANDSCAPING

10. THE IMPORTANCE OF LANDSCAPE IN
ECONOMIC
1) Plants increase tourism revenues. Guests
willingly pay an extra $30 per night for
rooms overlooking the jungle-like display,
netting $7 million a year in additional room
revenues.
2) Landscaping increases property market
value. A 1991 study estimates that an
attractive landscape increase the value of
a home.

11. CONT..
3) Horticulture and landscaping industry
offer job opportunities.
4) Nature increases worker productivity.
Psychologists have found that plants
and green spaces provide a sense of
rest that allows workers with access
to plants and nature to be more
productive.

12. CONT..
5) Landscaping reduces crime. In a California
study, landscaped areas were relatively
graffiti-free, while open, non-landscaped
areas were graffiti targets.
6) Views of plants increase job satisfaction.
Employees with an outside view of plants
experience less job pressure and greater
job satisfaction than workers viewing man-
made objects or having no outside view.
They also report fewer headaches and other
ailments than workers without the view.

13. THE IMPORTANCE OF LANDSCAPE
IN ENVIRONMENT
1) Plants protect water quality. Proper
landscaping reduces nitrate leaching from
the soil into the water supply.
2) Proper landscaping reduces soil erosion. A
dense cover of plants and mulch holds soil in
place, keeping sediment out of lakes,
streams, storm drains, and roads; and
reducing flooding, mudslides, and dust
storms.

14. CONT..
3) Plants improve air quality. Landscape plants,
including shrubs and turf, remove smoke,
dust, and other pollutants from the air.
4) Landscape for nation identity. Cultural
heritage including historic buildings, sites,
cultures and other invaluable assets are the
distinguished elements that encapsulate a
nation’s soul and spirit.

15. CONT..
5) Landscaping conserves natural resources. By using
trees to modify temperatures and protect against
wind, the amount of fossil fuels used for cooling and
heating is reduced.
6) Noise and Glare Reduction. Studies have shown that
turf grass surfaces absorb harsh sounds
significantly better than hard surfaces such as
pavement, gravel, or bare ground. These benefits
are maximized by an integrated landscape of turf
grasses, trees, and shrubs.

16. THE IMPORTANCE OF LANDSCAPE
IN LIFESTYLE
1) Gardening is excellent physical exercise.
Routine gardening tasks such as shoveling,
rototilling, and even mowing grass with a push-
type, reel lawn mower can measure up to
the exertion rates of jogging, bicycling, or
aerobics.
2) Gardens produce healthy food. Fresh food
from the garden can have up to three times
as many vitamins and minerals as canned or
frozen food.

17. CONT..
3) Horticulture is therapeutic. Horticultural therapy is
a treatment for a variety of diagnoses. Working
with and around plants improves quality of life
through psychological and physical changes.
4) Landscapes heal. Restorative gardens offer an
environment for people who are sick, injured, and
under stress to recover and regain confidence in
themselves. Such landscapes are also currently used
by hospices in treatment of Alzheimer patients.

18. CONT..
5) Privacy and tranquility. Well-placed plantings offer
privacy and tranquility by screening out busy street
noises and reducing glare from headlights.
6) Better atmosphere for learning. To test
attentiveness, a university class rotated between
two classrooms. One contained plants and foliage,
and one did not. Results at the end of the academic
year showed inattentiveness was reduced by 70
percent in the room containing plants, plus
indications of better exam performance.

19. OBJECTIVES OR PURPOSE OF LANDSCAPING
1. A visual screen to the major buildings, handling
area and pens from surrounding properties and
roads.
2. Assistance with the take up of any waterborne
nutrients that have escaped from the waste
system.
3. Improve beauty and value of land

20. PURPOSES OF INTERIOR
LANDSCAPING
 Add color
 Add textures
 Add softness
 Add life
 Increase employee
productivity
 Decrease employee
absenteeism
 Add oxygen
 Provide herbs for
cooking, medicine, or
fragrance
 Add beauty and
comfort by combining
all of the previously
mentioned purposes

21. BENEFITS OF EXTERIOR
LANDSCAPING
 Adds color, texture, and life
 Adds aesthetic value (beauty)
 Adds economic value to property
 Adds comfort (shade)
 Adds privacy—borders, fences, etc.
 Helps prevent erosion
 Can use larger exterior plants
 Rain natural soil provide most of required
water
 Gets natural light

22. BASIC ELEMENTS OF
LANDSCAPE DESIGN

23. THE 5 BASIC ELEMENTS
OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN
ARE:
•Color
•Form
•Line of sight
•Scale or balance
•Texture

24. Color theory is often used in
landscape design by dividing
the color spectrum into 4
categories:
•Primary: reds, yellows and
blues.
•Secondary: greens, violets
(purples) and oranges.
•Tertiary: Mixtures of the
primary and secondary
categories.
•Neutral: White, grays and
silvers.
COLOR

25. The spectrum is shown as a wheel, divided into
slices that stand for the colors.
Using color theory landscapers use this wheel:
•to choose adjacent colors in the spectrum to
provide unity
•or juxtapose items directly across from each
other on the wheel for contrast.

26. A simple way to achieve
unity is to:
•match warm colors
to warm colors (red,
yellow and orange)
•Cool Colors to cool
colors (blue, purple
and green).

27. Proper use of color theory
can influence the mood felt
in a yard.
•warm colors tend to excite
the viewer colors like red are
natural for focal points
•cool colors are more likely
to relax the viewer. colors
like blue are a logical choice
for meditation gardens.

28. Beginning gardeners
plant their favorite
colors with little or
no planning
advanced gardeners
use the color theory
to make their
plantings create mood
and style!

29. In landscape design terminology, form is the
shape of a plant.
•Upright
•oval
•columnar
•spreading
•broad spreading
•weeping
FORM

30. Tall plants create a vertical
look, drawing the eye upward
Low spreading plants draw the
eye to the horizon.
Use individual specimen plants
to break monotony and create
interest.
A mixture of a variety of form
becomes confusing

31. The line of sight is the
viewer's eye movement or
flow being influenced by
the arrangement of
plants and their borders.
Eye movement is
unconsciously affected
by the way plant
groupings fit or flow
together, both on the
horizontal and vertical
planes.
LINE OF SIGHT

32. HEDGES OR ROWS OF
PLANTS DIRECT THE
ATTENTION TO A
FOCAL POINT OR
SPECIFIC AREA
Meandering lines or
curves slow movement
and create a natural,
undisturbed feeling.

33. the visual
relationship of the
landscape
components, relative
to size.
Equal sizes on both
sides of the
landscape gives
balance
SCALE AND BALANCE

34. SYMMETRICAL – THE
REPEATING OF THE
ELEMENTS ON EITHER
SIDE OF AN AXIS (AN
IMAGINARY CENTRAL
LINE)
Asymmetrical – equal size
or weight on both sides
of the axis, without
repeating specific
elements

35. texture is the touch or visual surface
quality of an object, or plant
The texture of a plant's foliage or bloom
can be viewed as coarse, medium or fine.
T
e
x
t
u
r
e

36. MIX PLANTS WITH LARGER LEAVES
(COARSE TEXTURE) AND SMALLER
LEAVES (FINE TEXTURE) TO AVOID
MONOTONY IN A PLANTING BED AND
TO ADD VISUAL INTEREST.
The greater the distance the plant is,
the smoother the texture appears to be

37. FIVE ELEMENTS MUST BE
CONSIDERED IN DESIGNING
BOTH THE HARDSCAPE AND
SOFTSCAPE OF THE DESIGN.
•Hardscape – walkways,
driveways, patios, walls
•Softscape - gardens,
lawns, shrubs and trees.
TYPES OF LANDSCAPING
 Soft Landscaping
 Hard Landscaping

41. PRINCIPLES OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN
Principles of landscaping
 Balance
 Focalization of Interest
 Simplicity
 Rhythm and Line
 Proportion
 Unity

42. BALANCE
 Materials are distributed evenly on opposite
sides of a central axis
 Three types of balance:
 Symmetric
 Asymmetric
 Macro-range-the viewer sees the landscape
from the most distant vantage point
 Closer range-the views from other locations
not as distant

43. SYMMETRIC BALANCE
 One side is a reflective mirror
image of the opposite side
 Most formal type of balance
ASYMMETRIC BALANCE
 Each side has as much interest as the other
 Not a duplicate of the other side

44. FOCALIZATION OF INTEREST
 Selects and positions visually strong items in the
landscape composition to create focal points
 Draws the eye of the viewer to one major feature
in each use area
 Example: corner planting
SIMPLICITY
 Seeks to make viewers comfortable within the
landscape
 Excludes any unnecessary changes in shape,
color, direction, etc.

45. RHYTHM AND LINE
 Repeating something at a standard interval or pattern
creates rhythm
 Lines establish the shape and form of the landscape
 Replicating strong existing lines such as the lines of a
house or a pool
 Functions of line plantings include foundation
plantings, block a view, frame a view, and provide
privacy.

46. PROPORTION
 The size
relationships
between all the
features of the
landscape including
vertical, horizontal,
and spatial
relationships

47. PROPORTION
 Will maintain proper
proportional
relationships in a
landscape between
 Buildings and people
 Buildings and plants
 Plants and people
 Plants and plants
 Masses and soils

48. UNITY
 All the separate parts contribute to the creation of the
total design
 Ties together individual parts of each area by:
 Repeating prominent colors
 Repeating construction materials
 Continuing interior design themes to outdoor rooms
 Repeat plant species
 Raise patios, decks, and porches to door level

49. SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

50. SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE
Sustainable architecture is architecture that seeks to
minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings by
efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, and
development space.
Sustainable architecture uses a conscious approach to
energy and ecological conservation in the design of the built
environment
Sustainability - Meeting the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.

51. SUSTAINABLE DESIGN:
Reduces the negative impact on the environment and human
health, thus improving the performance during a building’s
life cycle. Careful consideration is given to water, energy,
building materials, and solid waste.

52. NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE:
Architecture is an essential arena for sustainable
innovation.
Our homes are one of the most important assets of our
lives. Our world needs help gaining popularity on that list.
With the help of sustainable architecture , a green design can
successfully meld beauty and functionality together to save
our planet from us.
Increase of population day by day .
People migrating from rural to urban with hope.
Depletion of natural resources.
High energy and natural resources are consumed due to
huge population.
Effect on bio diversity.

53. NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE
A CROWDED
WORLD
MIGRATION-
RURAL TO
URBAN
DEPLETION OF
NATURAL
RESOURCES
HIGH ENERGY AND
HIGH RESOURCE
CONSUMING
EFFECT ON
BIO
DIVERSITY

54. Energy Conservation
Water Conservation
Materials Conservation
Life Cycle Design
Pre-Building Phase
Building Phase
Post-Building Phase
Humane Design
Preservation for Natural Conditions
Urban Design and Site Planning
Design for Human Comfort
METHODS FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE
DESIGN:
Economy of Resources

55. ELEMENTS OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE:
1. Green roof:
 A green roof can lower the temperature in your house, improve
local air quality and help add green space in urban areas where
concrete is the major material.
 Green roofs can be as simple as a couple of types of ground cover
or include a beautiful mix of moss, succulents, ground cover, and
even herbs and plants.
2. Solar shingles:
 Solar panels are an excellent way to save energy and reduce
energy
bills.
 Solar shingles are a bit pricier to install than traditional solar
panels, since they not only help power the building, but they're
actually roof shingles.
3. Cob houses:
 Cob is an ancient building material that's basically wet earth and
straw mixed together and rolled into loaf-sized pieces or cobs. The
mixture is very similar to clay, and what makes cob houses unique
and beautiful is the organic shape.

56. 4. RAINWATER HARVESTING:
The basic idea behind a rainwater harvesting system is to capture
water to irrigate your garden and sometimes to use in the home.
To install any sort of rainwater harvesting system, it's important
to check local laws first. Some areas don't allow any rainwater
harvesting.
5. Shipping container buildings:
Like with cob houses, shipping container buildings address the
high impact associated with traditional building materials.
Instead of using new materials that have to be manufactured,
shipping container homes reclaim old shipping crates and use
them to create prefabricated structures. Shipping crates can be
stacked vertically or lined up side-by-side to create residential or
commercial buildings.

57. THE BENEFITS OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE.
• The benefits of
sustainable
architecture can be
divided into three
main sections:
Environmental.
Economic.
Health and
community.

58. ENVIRONMENTAL
• Promote and protect ecosystems and
biodiversity.
• Improve the quality of surrounding
environment: air and water.
• Reduce solid waste and conserve
natural resources.
ECONOMIC
• Reduce utility bills/operating costs
• Higher employee satisfaction and
productivity
• Higher probability of selling the
buildings/investment
HEALTH AND COMMUNITY
• Improve air quality and temperature
regulations
• A reduced burned on local
infrastructure
= Higher quality of life

59. • Solar panels
• Sun tube light
• Wind turbines
• Grey water
• Shading device
RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION

60. SOLAR PANELS

61. SUN TUBE LIGHT

62. WIND TURBINES

63. GREY WATER

64. SHADING DEVICES

65. Sustainable Building Materials

66. Sustainable Building Materials

76. CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
 Structural/Partition Material
 Ventilation/Thermal Insulation
 Finishing Materials/Paints
 Materials for furniture

77. STRUCTURAL/PARTITION MATERIALS
 Mud Brick
The production of simple earth blocks only
requires around one thousand of the energy
needed to fire bricks, and even in cases where
earth is stabilized with cement it is no more than
a sixth per kg of material.

78.  Fly ash brick
In India alone, approximately 100 million tones are
generated per year. The construction technique and
process is improved as the material allows for lighter
structures, shallower foundations, less expensive
transport costs with environmental benefits as fewer
emissions are produced and the speed of setting is
quicker for comparative standard bricks, and less
usage of cement and steel reinforcement.

79.  Bamboo Screens
The use of bamboo as a building material like sunshades
is seen in many places.The big value of bamboo screens
is the fact that it is open to daylight and air. So the gap
between screen and window is very well ventilated. The
rays of sunlight entering through the screens look nice
but don’t result in overheating of the house.

80. BRICK JAALI AND HOLLOW BRICKS

81.  Eco Paint
Ecopaint is a new paint has been developed, to act as a
sponge for some of the most noxious gases (NOx)
released in vehicle exhaust that can lead to respiratory
problems and triggers smog. The paint’s base is
polysiloxane, a silicon-based polymer.Embedded are 30
nanometre wide spherical nanoparticles of titanium
dioxide and calcium carbonate – being so small makes
it possible for the paint to appear clear, with the
possibility to add pigment for desired effects.

83. GREEN BUILDING:
Green building is the practice of increasing the efficiency of
buildings and their use of energy, water, and materials, and reducing
building impacts on human health and the environment, through
better sitting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and
removal — taking into account every aspect of the complete building
life cycle.
Sustainable development and sustainability are integral to green building. Effective
green building can lead to
1)reduced operating costs by
increasing productivity and using less energy
and water,
2)improved public and occupant health due to
improved indoor air quality, and
3)reduced environmental impacts by
using sustainable resources

84. OBJECTIVES OF GREENBUILDING
•Green Buildings are designed to reduce the
overall impact on human health and the natural
environment by the following ways:
•Using energy, water and other resources
efficiently.
•By reducing waste, pollution, and
environmental degradation.

85. NEW PROJECT PLANNING
 Construction – Reduce the amount of waste
generated at a construction site
 Design – Building design details will help to
reduce construction materials, and energy/water
requirements when completed
 Material Selection – Careful selection of
construction materials will leave less of an
environmental impact

86. CONSTRUCTION
 Construction waste accounts for 10 to as
much as 30% of municipal waste stream
 Goal: Reduce / Reuse / Recycle
 Building design based on standard sizes of
materials
 Buy higher quality to reduce rejects
 Recycle (use scraps)
 Train crew
 Renovate an existing building

87. BUILDING DESIGN
Goal: To design the building so that it
requires less energy/water and is
healthier for inhabitants when it is
complete and in use
 Air ducts for an efficient and healthy air flow
 Insulation
 Windows designed for maximum daylight
 Passive Solar Control
 Solar Cells
 Heat Exchanger for climate control system
 Location

88. MATERIALS
Goal: Choose materials that have low
environmental costs and do not contribute
to indoor air pollution
 Engineered Lumber (recycled and reclaimed
material)
 Doors and Windows (energy and placement)
 Floor Coverings (recycled with no off-gassing)
 Roof Materials (Reflective and light)
 Energy Efficient Appliances

89. OBSTACLES
 93% of consumers worry about their home’s
environmental performance. However, only 18%
are willing to pay more to reduce the impact.
 There are higher initial costs for Green Building
 Customers are concerned they would be
sacrificing comfort

90. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
• Structure design efficiency
• Energy efficiency
• Water efficiency
• Materials efficiency
• Waste and toxic reduction

91. • STRUCTURE EFFICIENCY:
It is the concept of sustainable building and has
largest impact on cost and performance.
It aims to minimize the enviornmment impact
associated with all life-cycles.
• ENERGY EFFICIENCY:
The layout of the construction can be strategised
so that natural light pours for additional warmth.
Shading the roof with trees offers an eco-friendly
alternative to air conditioning.

92. • WATER EFFICIENCY:
To minimize water consumption one should
aim to use the water which has been collected,
used, purified and reused.

93. • MATERIAL EFFICIENCY:
Materials should be use that can be recycled
and can generate surplus amount of energy.
An example of this are solar power panels,not
only they provide lightening but they are also a
useful energy source.
• WASTE AND REDUCTION:
It is probable to reuse resources.
What may be waste to us may have another
benefit to something else.

94. GREEN RATING SYSTEMS

95. What is Green Rating System?
Methodology for rating buildings by using the most
important determinants affect the buildings like
Energy, Water , Carbon Emissions, Transportation
Q/

96. BREEAM
Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment
Methodology
Building Research Establishment 1990
•Management
•Energy Use
Emission Rate – Building Envelope Performance –Drying Spaces – Eco
Labeled Goods – Internal Lighting – External Lighting
•Health and Well-being
Sound isolation – Day lighting
•Pollution
NOX – Renewable Energy - CO
•Transportation
•Land Use and Ecology
Ecological site
•Materials
Environmental Impact of material – Recycling
•Water
Internal portable water use – External portable water use
•Waste Management

97. BREEAM
FOR ADMINISTRATION BUILDINGS
Management 10
Energy Use 17
Health and Well-being 16
Pollution 10
Transportation 13
Land Use and Ecology 10
Materials 11
Water 6
Waste Management 10
BREEAM
For Residential buildings
Management 10
Energy Use 22
Health and Well-being 14
Pollution 10
Transportation 8
Land Use and Ecology 12
Materials 14
Water 10
Waste Management 10

99. BREEAM RATING
SCALE

100. LEED
The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
U.S Green Building Council 1998

101. LEED
•Sustainable Site 26
Site Selection – Urban Redevelopment – Alternative Transportation –
Reduce the Site Disturbance
•Water Management 10
Water Efficient Landscaping – Innovative Wastewater Technologies –
Water use Reduction
•Energy and Building Skin 35
Fundamental building system – Minimum energy performance – HVAC
– Renewable energy – Green power
•Materials Use 14
Recycled contents – Building Reuse – Waste Management
•Indoor Environment Quality 15
Thermal comfort – Low Emitting Materials
– Ventilation Effectiveness – Daylight and views
•Design Innovation 6
•Local Environment 4

102. LEED RATING SCALE

103. GREEN STAR
AUSTRALIA 2003
•Management 12
•Indoor Environmental Quality 27
•Energy 24
•Transportation 12
•Water 13
•Design Innovation 5
•Material 20
•Land Use and Ecology 8
•Emissions 14

104. GREEN STAR RATING SCALE

105. CASBEE
Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental
Efficiency
Japan 2004
• Energy Efficiency
• Resource Efficiency
• Local Environment
• Indoor Environment
C : BEE of 0 – 0.49
B- : BEE of 0.5 – 0.99
B+ : BEE of 1 – 1.49
A : BEE of 1.5 – 2.99

106. GREEN GLOBES
Canadian standards association
Canada 2004
• Project Management 50
• Site 115
• Energy 380
• Indoor Environment 200
• Water 85
• Resources 100
• Emissions 70

107. GREEN GLOBES RATING SCALE

108. GREEN GLOBES EXAMPLE
•Fedral court building
•Location : Toronto
•Architect : Kuwabara Payne Mckenna Blumberg (KPMB)
•Area : 20.907m2
•Construction from 2003 to 2006
•Rating : 4 Globes
Energy
•Best Orientation East-West
•integration between natural and
artificial light
•Using low U-value Glass
•Energy metering
•Using energy saving systems (lighting – ventilation)
•Facilities for bikes riders and
near transportation

109. GREEN GLOBES EXAMPLE
Water
•Using water saving systems in toilets
Material and Recourses
•Using local materials (low environmental impact)
•Materials that minimize consumption of resource (low maintenance)
• building adaptability and disassembly
•Facilities for recycling and composting (330 m2 area store)
Emissions
•As a result of above this building causes low carbon emissions
Indoor environment quality
•Monitoring systems for CO2 in car parking area
•Source control for indoor pollutants
•Ventilation system renews 100% of the indoor air
•80% of the building use natural light
•Thermal comfort

110. LEED EXAMPLE
Philip Merrill Environmental Center
•Location : Maryland
•Architect : Smith Group
•Area : 2842 m2
•Construction year 2000
•Rating : Platinum
Energy
•Sun collector for
heating water
•natural ventilation
•30% renewable energy
•Light control systems
•Recycled material for ceiling ,walls ,isolation materials (materials like MDF)

111. LEED EXAMPLE
Water
•Collect rain water for irrigation
Material and Recourses
•R-value 20 for walls (skin design)
•R-value 30 for ceiling
Indoor environment quality
•Monitoring systems for CO2 in indoor environment

114. BREEAM
EXAMPLE
BED ZED (100 eco home and office)
•Location : South London
•Architect : Bill Dunster Architects
•Construction year 2002
•Rating : Excellent
Energy
•South orientation for homes
• 88% saving heat energy
•renewable energy PV cells
•25% saving electricity
•57% saving water heating energy

115. BREEAM
EXAMPLE
Water
•Water treatment system saving 50% of water resources (recycling)
Material and Recourses
•Using recycled materials 15% and 52% local materials
Indoor environment quality
•Monitoring systems for CO2 in indoor environment
Transportation
•Walking distances
•Cyclingfacilities
•Saving 65% fuel

118. GREEN PYRAMID RATING SYSTEM
Egypt 2009
•Site planning 200
•Energy 325
•Water 90
•Material and resources 65
•Indoor Environmental Quality 150
•Pollution and waste management 140
•Design Innovation 90

119. GREEN PYRAMID RATING
SCALE
600 Point800 Point1000 Point

120. RESULTS
•Energy – Site – Water – Indoor Environment
(all systems)
•Pollution – Transportation - Emission –
Management (in some systems)
•Emission/Pollution – Indoor
Environment/Health (same meaning)
•Buildings type affect the rating scale
•more points means more sustainable building
•Climatic ,Economical and buildings types causes
some changes in each rating system
•Design phase is very important
*

121. INDIAN GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL
• The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)
was formed in the year 2001 by Confederation
of Indian Industry (CII).
• The aim of the council is to bring green
building movement in India and facilitate
India to become one of the global leaders in
green buildings by 2015.

122. IGBC RATINGSYSTEM
• IGBC has developed green building rating
programmes to cover commercial, residential,
factory buildings, etc.
• Each rating system divided into different levels of
certification are as follows:
„Certified‟ to recognise best practices.
„Silver‟ to recognise outstanding performance.
„Gold‟ to recognise national excellence.
„Platinum‟ to recognise global leadership.

123. GREEN BUILDINGS PROJECT IN
INDIA
• Suzlon Energy Limited-Pune
• Biodiversity Conservation India-Bangalore
• Olympia Technology Park-Chennai
• ITC Green Centre-Gurgaon
• The Druk White Lotus School-Ladakh
• Doon School-Dehradun
• Raintree Hotels-Chennai
• Nokia-Gurgaon
• Rajiv Gandhi InternationalAirport-Hyderabad
• Hiranandini-BG House, Powai
• ABN Amro Bank, Chennai
• Palais Royale at Worli, Mumbai
• Punjab Forest Complex,Mohali

124. • SUZLON ENERGY
LIMITED,PUNE:
 Several accolades
continue to shower upon
Suzlon‟s global
headquarter in Pune “One
Earth”.
 LEED certified it as
„PLATINUM‟ and it is
built on an area of
10.13acres.
 One Earth can be counted
as among the largest
green building projects in
India.

125. • RAJIV GANDHI
INTERNATIONAL
AIRPORT-
HYDERABAD:
 India‟s first Greenfield
airport is undeniably
among the top 10 green
buildings in India.
 First airport in asia to be
certified with „SILVER‟
rating.
 This green building
ensures optimal use of
natural light and minimal
wastage of electricity or
energy consumption.

126. • NOKIA-GURGAON:
 „GOLD‟ rated building
by LEED.
 Its smart lighting, heat
recovery wheel and high
efficiency chillers
makes this office stand
out from the rest.

127. DIFFERENT FROM OTHER
BUILDINGS
• The design,maintaince and construction of
buildings have tremendous effect on our
enviornment and natural resources.
• Green Building is different from the other
buildings because it use a minimum amount of
nonrenewable energy, produce minimal pollution,
increases the comfort, health and safety of the
people who work in them.
• It also minimize the waste in construction by
recovering materials and reusing or recycling
them.

128. INCREASING GREEN
• Today more than 1053 green buildings (as
on April 2011) are being constructed all
over India, of which 147 green buildings
are certified and fully functional.

129. BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING
• Buildings have a large effect on the
enviornment,human health and the economy.
• The successful adoption of GREEN
BUILDING development can maximize both
the economic and enviornmental performance
of the buildings.

130. ENVIORNMENTAL BENEFITS
• Protect biodiversity and ecosystems
• Improve air and water quality
• Reduce waste streams
• Conserve natural resources

131. ECONOMIC BENEFITS
• Reduce operating costs
• Create, expand, and shape markets for green
product and services
• Improve occupant productivity

132. SOCIAL BENEFITS
• Enhance occupant comfort and health.
• Heighten aesthetic qualities.
• Minimize strain on local infrastructure.
• Improve overall quality of life.

133. Economics
Social
Environment

134. Urban Design and
Renewal

135. DEFINITIONS
 A continuous process of remodeling older
parts of urban areas, including their central
business areas by means of rehabilitation
and conservation as well as redevelopment.
 The displacement of an existing low-income
population, creating space for more
profitable office, commercial and luxury
residential development or the provision of
transport facilities.

136. URBAN RENEWAL – DEFINITION
• Local policies and strategies designed to deal with urban decline,
decay or transformation are termed as urban renewal.
• It is a comprehensive and integrated vision and action which leads
to the resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring
about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social
and environmental conditions of an area that has been subject
to change’
• With the decision and authority of a governing municipality, re-
arranging land use, function and ownership features of a socially,
economically or structurally decayed part of a certain city .
• such as slum zones or brown fields, for the purpose of obtaining a
desired, well organized neighbourhood.

137. UNDERSTANDING URBAN RENEWAL
The term Urban renewal means rebirth or
regeneration of a city or a part of it which has
been plagued by the ills of urbanization
•The planning concept originated in England and
America in 1930’s
•Decayed parts of the city were demolished and
rebuilt.
•Initially referred to slum clearance and housing
but has gradually evolved into a
multidimensional concept.
•These programs were thrust upon the city and
its people and were criticized and halted on
opposition by organized community
movements.
•The urban renewal programs taken
up later,
involved greater participation of the
communities.

138. The triggers:-
•Effective functioning of Administrative towns
- ( state HQ, District HQ)
•To accommodate an event of magnitude.
- (Asian games, Common Wealth Games in Delhi, Tri
Centenary Celebrations of consecration of the
Guru Granth Sahib at Nanded)
•Necessity due to natural /man-made calamity
- (Earthquake in Bhuj, Plague in Surat)
•Obsolescence of land uses
- (Shifting of manufacturing industries )
• Market driven change of land use
- (Commercialization of Girgaum,Parel areas of
Mumbai)
• Toconserve historic monuments/ environment.
- ( Areas around the Taj Mahal precinct )
• Lack of modern facilities
WHY URBAN RENEWAL?

139. Urban renewal is required for
• Dilapidating, ageing parts of the city, not
providing the city its full potential and
 becoming a health hazard
• In built form it consists of old area of the
city, congested area around transit points,
illegal settlements needing redevelopment
• In terms of infrastructure - measures for
efficient and smooth movement of traffic,
improvement of transportation network,
provision /improvement of utilities.
WHERE URBAN RENEWAL IS REQUIRED?

140. BASIC CONCEPT
• Urban Renewal programs are generally undertaken by public
authorities or by local governments.
• The emphasis is on those parts which have fallen below current
standards of public acceptability. These are commonly to be found
in:
o The residential parts of the inner city
o The central business district itself.
• Indicators for residential parts of inner cities are:
– inadequate housing,
– environmental degradation,
– presence of non-conforming uses.
• Indicators for central business district are:
– traffic problems,
– congestion,
– dilapidated buildings.

141. TOOLS / APPROACHES
• SLUM CLEARANCE: Demolition of dilapidated dwellings located in a
slum
• REDEVELOPMENT: The demolition of an existing building and its
replacement by a new building
• REHABILITATION : The repair and improvement of existing
structurally sound property
• HOUSING IMPROVEMENT : Improvements of dwellings by
provision of essential basic amenities
• CONSERVATION : To retain intact or unchanged.
• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS : Main emphasis is to improve
environmental conditions
• ECONOMIC RENEWAL : Improvement of economic conditions of
dwellers

142. URBAN RENEWAL PROJECTS
• Following Projects fall under Urban Renewal:
– Redevelopment projects
– Economic development strategies
– Housing loans and other financial tools
– Streetscape improvements
– Transportation enhancement
– Historic preservation projects
– Parks and open spaces

143. FLOW CHART OF URBAN RENEWABLE PROCESS
Survey
of Area
Issue
Identification
Knowledge
of Act and
DCR
UDPFI
Guidelines
Proposal of
Urban
Renewable

144. BENEFITS
• Drives urban productivity Eg:
– Creating mixed use development projects in CBD
– Creating regional hubs just outside of city limits to reduce residential
and commercial pressure on inner city area.
• Creates employment opportunities
• Attracts increased investments
– Intensifying use of land
– Densification of area can create new market for business
• Enhance housing affordability
– Brings key workers closer proximity to employment opportunities
• Capitalize on existing infrastructure
– Improvement of existing infrastructure saves cost of new expensive
infrastructure
• Increases tourism revenue
– Improved infrastructure and services.

145. • Indian cities have a history that dates back to
centuries
• In the last century cities faced a major
unprecedented force of urbanization which ripped
them
• They have grown exponentially
• Their administration has not been able cope up
with rapid urbanization
• The age old infrastructure is weakened and
decayed leading to degeneration of the core areas
in the city.
• Cities which have survived centuries are now at
critical stage.
• Concept of Urban Renewal – To provide life to the
dying city.
INDIAN CONTEXT

146. KEVIN LYNCH TECHNIQUE
The Image of the City
“This book is about the look of cities, and whether this look is of
any importance, and whether it can be changed”.
The book looks at three American cities: Boston, Jersey City, and
Los Angeles.
 Kevin Lynch found that there are five basic elements which
people use to construct their mental image of a city:
 Pathways
 Districts
 Edges
 Landmarks
 Nodes

147. Paths are the channels along which the observer moves. Theymay
be streets, walkways, transit lines, canals, railroads.
-Kevin Lynch, The Image of the City.

148. Edges are the linear elements not used as paths by the observer. They are
the boundaries and linear breaks in continuity: shores, railroad cuts, edges
of development, walls.
- Kevin Lynch, The Image of the City

149. Districts are the medium-to-large sections of the city which the observer
mentally enters "inside of," and which are recognizable as having some
common, identifying character.
- Kevin Lynch, The Image of the City

150. Nodes are points, the strategic spots in a city into which an observer can
enter, and which are the intensive foci to and from which he is traveling.
They may be primarily junctions or concentrations.
- Kevin Lynch, The Image of the City

151. Landmarks are another type of point-reference, but in this case the
observer does not enter within them, they are external. They are usually a
rather simply defined physical object: building, sign, store, or mountain.
- Kevin Lynch, The Image of the City.

152. Spatial organization
 Creating space through land form, built environment& trees
 Creation of quality of space
 Put more attention on Spatial pattern, Distribution of land use/
resources
 Land use zoning is the regulation by law
 Different types of zones like residential, commercial, etc
 Proper allocation of each type of zones by spatial organization
leads to effective planning

153. Urban Transportation
1. Roadway
a) Vehicular
b) Pedestrian
2. Railway
3. Airway
4. Waterway

154. Urban Housing
Various categories of housing :
1.Economically Weaker Section (EWS)
2.Low Income Group (LIG)
3.Medium Income Group (MIG)
4.High Income Group (HIG)