emergency medicine situations

1. According to the World Health Organization
(WHO), a disaster is an unexpected situation that
contains a serious threat to humanity and to public
health.

2. Because a disaster is a local event, throughout history,
the local medical
responders have cared for the victims of disaster. The
same medical
personnel who provide health care on a daily basis
also assume the
responsibility of providing care to patients with illness
or injury result-
ing from a disaster.

3. To respond properly
and efficiently to disasters, all health care personnel
should have a understanding of the principles of
disaster medicine (which
Includes emergency management in its practice) and
what their
particular role would be in the response to the many
different types
of disasters.

4. Emergency management
Medical triage system
The medical
definition of triage
is the sorting and
prioritization of
injured or sick
people as well as
disaster survivors
according to their
need for
emergency care.

5. The origin in this
sense is in World War
1 where medical
teams had to classify
the wounded soldiers
into these three
groups:
●
Those who could
survive without getting
medical care
●
Those who could
survive if they got care
●
Those that are likely
to die even aftercare

6. Why is triage so important?
When done properly, triage results in the best
outcome for the greatest number of people.
Without a triage plan in place, resources are
likely to be wasted—and more people are likely
to die.

7. Why Is It Called Triage?
The word triage comes from the French word trier,
which means to sort or select. Its historic roots for
medical purposes go back to the days of
Napoleon when triaging large groups of wounded
soldiers was necessary. Over the centuries, triage
systems have evolved into a well-defined priority
process.

9. In the mid-1980s, disaster medicine began to
evolve from the union
of disaster management (now called emergency
management) and
emergency medicine. Those who practice it have
been involved in some of
the most catastrophic events in human history.

10. Practitioners of present day disaster medicine
have responded to the aftermaths of the
●
tsunami in Southeast Asia,
●
the Haiti Earthquake,
●
the Madrid Train Bombings,
●
the World Trade Center Attacks,

11. THE DISASTER CYCLE
Because disasters strike without warning, in areas
often unprepared for
such events, it is essential for all emergency
services personnel to have a
foundation in the practical aspects of disaster
preparedness and
response.

12. The first step is to understand that disaster can
strike here
at home. I can assure you the people of Haiti
minutes before the earth-
quake of 2010 and the people of Japan minutes
before the earthquake
and tsunami of 2011 all were going about their
normal daily routine,
not expecting disaster to strike. Then it did.

13. The disaster cycle
All disas-
ters follow a cyclical
pattern known as the
disaster cycle
which describes four
stages:
●
Preparedness,
●
Response,
●
Recovery
●
Mitigation.

14. Classification of emergency
situations
The World Health Organization (WHO) considers
disasters as a situation caused by
●
nature
●
human.

16. Over the course of recorded history, natural
disasters have predomi-
nated over human-made ones.

17. With this realization came the need to create
disaster
medicine as an evolution from the military
practice.

18. Anesthesia

19. Anestesia
Anesthesia is a medical treatment that prevents
patients from feeling pain during procedures like
surgery, certain screening and diagnostic tests,
tissue sample removal (e.g., skin biopsies), and
dental work.

20. What are the types of anesthesia?
●
Local anesthesia
●
Regional anesthesia
●
General anesthesia

21. Local anesthesia
Local anesthesia numbs a small part of the body. It
might be used on a tooth that needs to be pulled or
on a small area around a wound that needs stitches.
You are awake during local anesthesia.

22. Regional anesthesia
Regional anesthesia is
used for larger areas of
the body such as an arm,
a leg, or everything below
the waist. You may be
awake during the
procedure, or you may be
given sedation. Regional
anesthesia may be used
during childbirth, a
Cesarean section (C-
section), or minor
surgeries.

23. General anesthesia
General anesthesia affects the whole body. It
makes you unconscious and unable to move. It is
used during major surgeries, such as heart
surgery, brain surgery, back surgery, and organ
transplants.

24. General Anestesia instruments
●
Laryngoscope
●
Ambu bag
●
Guedel airway
●
Anesthesia
machine

25. Sedation
●
Fentanyl
●
Propofol
●
Midazolam

26. Fentanyl
Fentanyl is an opiod, a medicine in the same
family as Morphine. It is used to supplement
sedation and works almost immediately.

27. Midazolam
Midazolam (brand name: Versed) is a medication
used to help ease anxiety. This medication is a
Benzodiazepine, it belongs to the same family as
Valium, and it can be given orally or intravenously.