World War I had a devastating impact, as described in the poem remembering the young lives lost in battles like Passchendaele, the Somme, and Mons. New crosses were still being added, a sign that the conflict continued taking lives. The document then discusses several aspects of World War I, including the rise of nationalism in countries like Germany, key facts about the war, life and conditions in the trenches, events like the Christmas truce of 1914 and the failed Gallipoli campaign of 1915, as well as the roles of new technologies and certain individuals.
3. World War I: 1914-1918
I stood there before the crosses
glowing white in row on row
Everyone a young life cut short
as the names upon them show.
The dates they died below the names
tell of wars now passed and gone
Passchendaele, the Somme, and Mons
of battles fought, and lost or won.
History remembers, as it should
these men who fought and died
Whilst for their families left behind
a dull sorrow tinged with pride.
The faces of boys held now in Sepia
who died in days long gone
yet living on in memories
and hearts, still holding on.
Yet despite the hurt and grief here
what with horror makes me fill
Is that when I look behind me
there are more new crosses growing still.
4.
5.
6. Rise of Nationalism
Militaristic Germany
“Mit Blut Und Eisen”
Bismarck
Alliances
Germany with Austro-Hungary
1882-Italy joined them
Formed triple alliance known as the?
Central Powers
Anti-French
England and American-policy of?
Isolation
July 1888-who became Kaiser (emperor)
of Germany?
Wilhelm II
7. World War I-key facts
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-
i/world-war-i-history/videos/bet-you-didnt-
know-world-war-i
5 key points-Video Notes
8. What did the Nazis do to the Jews during the second world war?
Holocaust
Exterminated them
What did the Turks do to the Armenians in first world war?
Exterminated them
Which atrocity have you heard about?
Armenia - first nation to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th
century)
Genocide! Armenians!!
9. http://ezproxy.bcpl.org:2048/login?url=http://avod.infobase.com/PortalPlayli
sts.aspx?wID=104125&xtid=39141&loid=64924 Between 1894-6 and in 1909
Worst between 1915-16
Dead: estimated two million during this 20-year period
Religion of Turks (Ottoman Empire)?
Islam (Muslims)
Religion of Armenian minority?
Christian
Why?
Armenians more wealthy than some Turks-jealous-envy
Turks regarded Armenian nationalism as threat to Turkish rule
Armenians wanted independence from Turkey
Armenians refused to support government when it sided with Germany and
Austria-Hungary
Scapegoats for Turkish defeat by Russians in December 1914
1915: Taalat Pasha, Turkish interior minister, ordered “the elimination of the
Armenian element.” Ordered local leaders: “to destroy completely all Armenians
living in Turkey.”
Hitler noted when asked about his policy against the Jews: “Who does now
remember the Armenians?”
Armenian Genocide
What was the response of the international community to
the Armenian Genocide?
They condemned the Armenian Genocide. In May 1915,
Great Britain, France, and Russia advised the Young Turk
leaders that they would be held personally responsible for
this crime against humanity. There was a strong public
outcry in the United States against the mistreatment of
the Armenians. At the end of the war, the Allied victors
demanded that the Ottoman government prosecute the
Young Turks accused of wartime crimes. Relief efforts
were also mounted to save "the starving Armenians." The
American, British, and German governments sponsored
the preparation of reports on the atrocities and numerous
accounts were published. On the other hand, despite the
moral outrage of the international community, no strong
actions were taken against the Ottoman Empire either to
sanction its brutal policies or to salvage the Armenian
people from the grip of extermination. Moreover, no steps
were taken to require the postwar Turkish governments to
make restitution to the Armenian people for their immense
material and human losses.
10. Germany's last Kaiser
Son of Frederick III and Victoria, daughter of
Queen Victoria, who was his grandmother
Wilhelm and King George V of England-cousins
Wilhelm, George, and Nicholas II of Russia cousins
Loved show and pageantry
Thought he was another Frederick the Great
Delighted when his grandmother made him an
honorary officer of a British regiment-meant he could wear another uniform
Owned many uniforms and liked to change several times a day
Crippled left arm from birth
WWI, he said to his troops: “Remember that you are a chosen people! The
spirit of the Lord has descended upon me, because I am Emperor of the
Germans! I am the instrument of the Most High. I am His sword, H is
representative. Woe and death to all who resist my will! Woe and death to
those who do not believe in my mission! Woe and death to the cowards! Let
them all perish-all the enemies of the German people! God demands their
destruction, God, who through my mouth, commands you to executive His
will!”
http://youtu.be/JzbCh4c-8vA
Kaiser Wilhelm II (1859-1941)
Two of Queen Victoria’s many grandchildren, King George V
and Kaiser Wilhelm II , pose in 1912 outside the mess of the
Prussian Foot Guards in Berlin, surrounded by officers of the
regiment. The king is on a visit to his cousin in Germany and,
as was the custom, each monarch wears the uniform of one
of the other’s regiments: George-Foot Guards; Kaiser-British
1st Royal Dragoons.
GeorgeNicholas
11. Total War-Clash of Empires
Spark in powder keg Balkans
June 28, 1914
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-
history/videos/causes-of-world-war-i
3 min.
28 countries involved in WW I
Fighting on land, at sea, and in the air
TOTAL WAR!
Industrial superpowers
Arms race
1906-Britian builds new type of war ship called the Dreadnought
1914:
Britain: 30
Germany: 20
13. ... that involved at least 600,000 casualties in Belgium
alone…
... of which at least 550,000 occurred in the Westhoek
region (Flanders Fields)...
... where at least 300,000 of them are still buried
today…
... and more than 200,000 still remain missing...
... in a place where more than 1.5 million people were
wounded...
...and at least 1.5 million Belgian people fled from
the war...
... from a place where millions of people, from over
50 nationalities fought...
... in the ‘war to end all wars’…
… yet, since 1918, more than 130 wars have been
fought…
Red poppy from the fields of France-remembrance of
people who died in WW I
World War I: 1914-1918
Before…. During…
After…
14. Life in the Trenches
Rats!
“Certain unexpected problems are involved in the rat
problem…The rate serves one useful function-he consumes the
corpses on No Man’s Land, a job which the rat alone is willing to
undertake. For this reason it has been found desirable to control
rather than eliminate the rate population.”
Fleas & Lice=Trench Fever
Trench Foot
16. http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-
history/videos/trench-warfare
World War I: TECHNOLOGY!
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-
history/videos/wwi-firsts
U-Boats Sink the Lusitania in 1915 (Unterseeboot)
Germany torpedoes a British passenger ship believed to be smuggling
arms, anger at the resulting American deaths increases pressure on
President Wilson to enter World War I.
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-
history/videos/u-boats-sink-the-lusitania-in-1915
What did you think about the caption of the Lusitania’s decision to slow
down?
When did the U.S. Enter W.W.I?
April 6, 1917
Trench Warfare & Technology
17. Advertising vs Reality
Who was the Red Baron?
http://www.redbaron.com/home.htm?gclid=CKTmjdCxnb0CFY6Rfg
odsD8AoQ
Pizza maker?
Snoopy?
https://youtu.be/wtJ1Gnh9wPU
18. Blue Max trailer: http://youtu.be/Efc6Y6LCuuc
Stop 3:10
Technology! Synchronized machine gun fires through rotating
propellers
Manfred von Richtofen-Red Baron
80 “kills”
Blue Max-Pour le mérite
Flying Circus
Bloody April 1917-RFC lost 245 planes
Royal Flying Corps (RFC)-Suicide Club
Ernst Udet – 72 “kills”
Antony Fokker-airplanes
https://youtu.be/mKspJtIMPH0
7:36-Werner Voss-dead at 20
Air War
19. Allies Launch Disastrous Attack at Gallipoli
Wanted to connect with Russian allies
Winston Churchill-First Lord of Armiralty
Poor leadership/Bad planning
Dardanelles-loaded with mines, guns, and forts
Navy unsuccessful-shelling from forts and mines
April 25th: 35,000 Allied troops landed
17,000 from Australian and New Zealand Army
Corps (Anzacs)
Turks opened fire from trenches
Many never made it to shore-Sea turned red with blood
Allies continued to push forward
Trenched in!
http://youtu.be/d-kVrdc9g_s
Spring to summer-intense heat-drinking water scarce-corpses rotting in no-
man’s land buzzed with flies and reeked
Flies contaminated soldiers’ food, infected wounds, spread diseases
Then winter came-frostbit and pneumonia
November-Allies withdrew
50,000 allied men lost-87,000 Turks
Gallipoli-1915
21. http://youtu.be/zmr1iSG3RTA
Thomas Edward Lawrence, 1888-1935
British Army officer
Liaison during the Sinai and Palestine
Campaign and the Arab Revolt against
Ottoman Turkish rule of 1916–18
Lawrence fought alongside Arab irregular troops
under the command of Emir Faisal, a son of Sherif Hussein of Mecca
Extended guerrilla operations against the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire
Lawrence's major contribution to the revolt was convincing the Arab leaders
(Faisal and Abdullah) to co-ordinate their actions in support of British strategy
He persuaded the Arabs not to make a frontal assault on the Ottoman stronghold
in Medina but allow the Turkish army to tie up troops in the city garrison. The
Arabs were then free to direct most of their attention to the Turks' weak point,
the Hejaz railway that supplied the garrison. This vastly expanded the battlefield
and tied up even more Ottoman troops, who were then forced to protect the
railway and repair the constant damage. Lawrence developed a close relationship
with Faisal, whose Arab Northern Army was to become the main beneficiary of
British aid.
http://www.pbs.org/lawrenceofarabia/flash/emerging_fla.html
http://avod.films.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=12187&xtid=43124&loid=99427
Lawrence of Arabia
22. Volunteers in hospitals, nursing sick and wounded soldiers
Navy reserve
Ambulance drivers and stretcher bearers on front lines
Provided immediate medical care on front lines
Nurses under fire!
Most hospitals safe behind front lines-still subject to shell fire
Nurses had to cope daily with sight of dead and mauled bodies
Gave traumatized patients comfort and reassurance
British nurse Edith Louise Cavell (1865-1915)-Red Cross hospital
in German-occupied Brussels
Treated refugees and soldiers of all nationalities
Secretly helped hundreds of Allied soldier to escape
Germans executed her by firing squad
“But this I would say, standing as I do in view of God and eternity, I realize that
patriotism is not enough. I must have no hatred or bitterness toward any one.”
Women in the War
23. Battalion of Death-mid-1917 Russia
Maria Bochkareva (b. 1889) persuaded government to let
her set up a woman’s unit
Executed in 1920 by the Russian Cheka by firing squad
Partly to shame men into fighting again
2,000 strong battalion involved in heavy fighting
Within three months, only 250 still alive
Women in Uniform
24. Margareta Zelle known as Mata Hari (1876 – 15
October 1917)
Dutch exotic dancer and courtesan
Convicted of being a spy
Executed by French firing squad in France under
charges of espionage for Germany
Basically a double agent for France and Germany
Tactics
Writing in invisible ink
Concealing notes in hollowed–out coat buttons and
glass eyes
Germany-merchant seamen and a few tourists taken
prison
Britain-all Germans and Austro-Hungarians,
including those who had lived there most of their
lives, classified as “enemy aliens” and sent to
internment camps for duration of war
British royal family changed name from German-
sounding Saxe-Coburg to Windsor
Spies and Secrets
25. Piano Concerto for the Left Hand in D major
Composed by Maurice Ravel between 1929 and 1930
Commissioned by the Austrian pianist Paul Wittgenstein (1887 –
1961), who lost his right arm during World War I
http://youtu.be/KJTUUKAdZDU
Start at 2:20
Waste!
http://www.pinterest.com/judah55/ww1-western-front-gallipoli-misc/
Frances Gulick was a Y.M.C.A. welfare worker attached to the First Engineers in Europe. She was awarded a citation for valour and courage during the aerial bombardment of Varmaise, France, where she operated a canteen. Harris & Ewing glass negative
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/worldwarone/hq/flanders_field.shtml
Bill Mitton The Crosses http://www.warpoetry.co.uk/RemembranceB.htm
Published on Jul 5, 2013
The Armenian Genocide is a 2006 television documentary exploring the Ottoman Empire killings of more than one million Armenians during World War I. The documentary was broadcast by most 348 PBS affiliate stations on April 17, 2006.Because of the controversial nature of the subject in Turkey, PBS attempted to give both sides a voice and produced a four expert panel discussion to be aired immediately afterwards.However, due to an intense lobbying effort by Armenian groups and some members of Congress, the follow-up panel discussion was cancelled on a third of those stations broadcasting the documentary over concerns of offending human rights groups and the descendants of Armenian Genocide survivors.
1991 full independence from USSR
http://www.armenian-genocide.org/genocidefaq.html
https://youtu.be/8J1mpAQDMII
http://youtu.be/JzbCh4c-8vA
Quote from text, p. 522.
http://youtu.be/4r7RDg-7yMc scenese of Kaiser
Barry, p. 120 “The war sentiment.” Randolph Bourne, “The War and the Intellectuals,” The Seven Arts (June 1917), 133-46
http://youtu.be/h4zPg5Kv_ug
View the video about World War I in colour (British spelling) at: http://youtu.be/ZAUCghfaxC8
Answer the following questions in full sentences:
Name 3 weapons developed during WWI that changed how war was fought then and now?
What does “going over the top” mean?
What was “No Man’s Land?”
List 3 facts about the Battle of Verdun including where the town was located and the dates of the battle.
What was the difference between male and female tanks in WW I?
The Guns of August
https://youtu.be/wtJ1Gnh9wPU
http://youtu.be/SfgL82jlA-4 History dogfights-Udet et al.
http://youtu.be/U83fBrkqByc Red Baron
http://youtu.be/8G2eAUt7Vho footage from the war including Manfred
http://youtu.be/Efc6Y6LCuuc Stop at 3:10
http://youtu.be/v3VbcSsxHE0
ELGAR, E.: Orchestral Music (The Longed-For Light: Elgar's Music in Wartime) (Callow, Gritton, BBC Concert Orchestra, J. Wilson)
SOMM Recordings | SOMMCD247
http://youtu.be/a3tuBFHuYV4
http://www.pbs.org/lawrenceofarabia/flash/emerging_fla.html Interactive-Sick Man of Europe
http://avod.films.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=12187&xtid=43124&loid=99427 BCPL History clip