Pharmacy industrial packaging system Secondry and Tertiary

1. SECONDRY AND TERTIARY
PACKAGING
Department of Pharmacy
Quaid-e-Azam Univeristy, Islamabad.

2. Secondary Packaging
It is intended to protect not only the product, but also the primary
packaging of a product, which often is most visible to the consumer in
the form of retail displays.
Examples
• Cardboard cartons/boxes/crates
• Plastic crates
• Trays
• Shrink wrapped bundles etc.

3. Purpose Of Secondary Packaging
• Branding display and logistical purposes
• Protecting and collecting individual units during storage
• Display primary packs on shelves like food, beverages, cosmetic etc
• Display multiple product units which speeds restocking this includes
retail-ready packaging (RRP), shelf-ready packaging (SRP) or
countertop display units (CDUs).

4. Secondary Packaging Material
1. Paper
• Used as a flexible wrap for products
• As a closure material for jars.
Most paper materials are used with a linear
applied either as a laminate or as a coating
Advantages Disadvantages
• Broad source
• Low cost
• Light weight
• Good buffer
• Good processing performance
• Good sanitation and safety
• Good recycling
• Eco-friendly
• Limited load bearing capacity
• Poor water resistance capability
• Easily pieced

5. Secondary Packaging Material
2. Pharmaceutical Corrugated Fiber Board
It is paper based material consisting of fluted
corrugated sheet and one or two flat linear boards.
Advantages Disadvantages
• Light weight
• Inexpensive
• Better printing and graphic capabilities
• Easily available
• Better Recycling
• Eco-friendly
• Under extreme pressure deforms
• Not suitable for heavy materials

6. Secondary Packaging Material
3. Carton/Box
A carton is a box or container usually made of
paperboard and sometimes of corrugated fiberboard.
Advantages Disadvantages
• Made from renewable resources
• Save energy
• Reusable
• Easily disposable
• Lightweight
• Not for heavy products
• May get deformed
• Not weather proofing capability

7. Ideal Properties for Secondary Packaging
• Dimensions should be appropriate to withstand the stress during
transportation
• It should not effect the primary packaging
• It should have sufficient strength to with hold the material
• Thickness should be appropriate to have mechanical strength .

8. Tests For Paper And Board
Dimension Thickness Surface pH
The physical dimensions of
the given paper board is
taken and recorded.
• Measured with a
micrometer.
• It directly influences the
physical property of
paper like stiffness,
varnishing and cutting.
A drop of distilled water is
placed on the top of the test
piece and the electrode of
pH meter is placed in the
drop touching the paper. The
reading is taken after 2 min.

9. Tests For Paper And Board
Alkalinity Grammage
• Place about 5g (w) of accurately weighed sample,
cut into pieces in a stoppered flask containing 250
ml of 0.02N HCl.
• Allow to stand for 1 hr with occasional shaking.
• Decant and titrate a measured quantity (v) against
0.1 N NaOH using methyl orange as indicator.
• Carry out blank (B).
Formula:
%Alkalinity=1250(B-A)× N V×w
A- Sample reading
N- Normality of NaOH
A test piece of suitable size (10cm×10cm) is cut and
weighed.
Formula:
Grammage = 10^4×w/a×b
w - weight in grams
a - length
b - breadth

10. Tests For Paper And Board

11. Tests For Paper And Board
Folding Endurance Puncture Resistance Tear Strength Rub Resistance Ink Absorbency
Fold the test piece
back and forth until
rupture occurs.
Energy required to
make initial
puncture.
The mean force
required to continue
the tearing of an
initial cut in a single
sheet of paper.
Resistance of
printed test piece to
withstand rubbing
against another
similar test piece.
Determination of ink
absorbency by K& N
ink.

12. Tests For Paper And Board
Air Permeability Tensile strength COBB Test
• It is the mean air that flows
through unit area under unit
pressure difference in unit time,
under specific conditions,
expressed in P/s.
• The maximum tensile force per
unit width that a paper or board
will withstand before breaking.
• This measures the mass of
water absorbed by 1cm^2 of the
test piece in a specified time
under a head of 1 cm of water
in a set period of time, usually
60 or 180 seconds (Cobb60 or
Cobb180).
• It is determined by weighing
before and after exposure to the
water, and usually quoted in
g/m^2 .

13. Specific Tests For Cartons
Carton Opening Force Coefficient of Friction Joint Shear Strength
The method is used to hold the
flat carton as delivered by its
creases between thumb & first
finger press.
Both static and kinetic
coefficients of friction are
determined by sliding the
specimen over itself under
specific test conditions
This is a method of testing glued
side of a carton for strength of
the adhesive using a tensile
testing machine.

14. Specific Tests For Cartons
Compression Crease Stiffness/Crease Recovery Test
• Assessment of the strength of the erected package,
thereby estimating the degree of protection that it
confers on the contents.
• This involves testing a carton board piece and
folding it through 900. It will then try to recover its
former position when the bending force is
removed.
• The increase and decrease in the inherent board
stiffness after folding is measured

15. Symbols Used On Packaging And Labels
• For product certification
• Trademark
• Proof of purchase
• Identification code etc.

16. Tertiary Packaging
It is used to protect manufactured goods for shipping or storing. Tertiary
packaging is typically not seen by consumers since it is usually removed by
retailers before products are displayed for sale.
PURPOSE
It is used to protect not only the product but also its secondary and primary
packaging.
Examples
• Brown cardboard boxes
• Wood pallets
• Shrink wraps

17. Tertiary Packaging Materials
1. Brown Cardboards
Cardboard is a generic term for heavy-duty paper-
based products having greater thickness and
superior durability or other specific mechanical
attributes to paper; such as fold ability, rigidity and
impact resistance
Advantages Disadvantages
• Made from renewable resources
• Save energy
• Reusable
• Easily disposable
• Lightweight
• Not for heavy products
• May get deformed
• Not best for weatherproofing

18. Tertiary Packaging Materials
2. WOODEN PALLETS
A pallet is a flat transport structure, which
supports goods in a stable fashion of a unit load
which allows handling and storage efficiencies
while being lifted by a forklift or other lifting
devices.
Advantages Disadvantages
• Affordable
• High durability and strength
• Wide availability
• Easily repairable
• Can be recycled
• Provides better friction
• Vulnerable to bacterial attacks
• They are not stain resistant

19. Tertiary Packaging Materials
3. Shrink Wraps/ Shrink Film
Shrink wrap is a material made up of
polymer plastic film. When heat is applied,
it shrinks tightly over whatever it is covering.
Advantages Disadvantages
• Transparent
• The heat-shrinkable package provides
360-degree all-round decoration for the
item
• Simple and have good heat seal ability
• Has cushioning and toughness to
prevent damage
• It is necessary to consider the shrinkage
of the graph as well as the contraction of
the film to accurately reproduce.
• The ink used in packaging film printing
must have a certain shrinkage in order to
reproduce the picture and text
accurately.
• As the thermal shrinking packaging
film. the bar code quality could be
unqualified or cannot be read.

20. Secondary And Tertiary Packaging Optimization
• Using sustainable and eco-friendly materials
• Using innovative materials
• Testing the materials
PACKAGING ETHIC