The document discusses logistics and the Internet of Things (IoT). It summarizes that logistics is Germany's third largest industry, employing over 2.8 million people and generating €220 billion in turnover annually. It also outlines several Fraunhofer IML projects that apply IoT concepts to logistics, including using intelligent containers to track cargo in real-time, implementing agent-based control systems for autonomous transportation vehicles, and developing a "Logistics Mall" service-oriented architecture. The document advocates for a transition in logistics from hierarchical systems to distributed mesh networks of intelligent, autonomous entities representing the physical and virtual connection of all things.

1. Internet of Things
International Forum Logistics and the Internet of Things
IoT International Forum
Berlin, November 2011
Prof. Dr. Michael ten Hompel

2. Internet of Things
International Forum Data and Facts about Fraunhofer IML
■ Founded in 1981
■ About 200 scientists · 250 student assistants · 3 chairs at TU Dortmund
■ Turnover > 20 million € · 50% from industry · trade and services
■ Branches and project centers: Hamburg · Frankfurt · Prien (near Munic)
■ Cooperation with: HSG St. Gallen (Switzerland) · Georgia Tech (USA)
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Lisbon (Portugal) · Shanghai (China) · Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)

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EfficiencyCluster LogisticsRuhr
■ 100 Mio. Euro for development and innovation in
logistics and supply chain management!
■ 40 Mio. founded by Federal Ministry of Education
and Research
■ 120 Companies
■ 11 Research institutions
■ 30 Joined projects
■ 4 Associated projects
■ 100 Innovations und Patents
■ 4000 Jobs in logistics and SCM

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Logistics as Industry in Germany
■ Logistics is Germany‘s third biggest industry
■ 2.8 million people work in logistics²
(7 % of total employees)
■ 220 billion Euro turnover in 2011
First place in Europe with just about a third of the
turnover
■ Approximately 5 % growth in turnover in 2011²
■ Education
■ 11,600 university graduates per year³
(BA and MA with logistics reference – mainly economists
and engineers)
■ 1.300 of which with (main) studies in logistics.
■ Germany is the world‘s leading logistics market
²Log.Letter 11, BVL 2010
³Forschungsagenda Logistik, DVZ 2010

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Logistics today
Today, logistics is said to be a premium industry.
Germany is logistics world champion.
■ World Bank study: «Connecting to Compete» 2010
Logistics analyzes and shapes economic systems based
on the division of labor as objects in network flows.
■ Position paper of BVL's Scientific Advisory Board
The scramble for the world has begun!
…and logistics is playing a decisive role.
■ The container is the symbol of a globalized world.
[Stefan Aust]

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Actually, what is logistics?
To move human beings and things.
■ All along, human kind has sought to set things in motion.
■ Logistics endeavors to shape and organize this motion
efficiently, reasonably and in a target-oriented way.
■ Logistics conceives networks in the space of which things
are set in motion. Places and human beings are connected
by flows of information, commodities and goods.
■ Logistics transforms things being thought into motion. It
unites the virtual with the physical world.

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■ Over the past 10 years the amount of (intra)logistic information has
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increased by a factor of 1,000.
■ In 2000 the entire internet data amounted to 21 Terabyte.
■ At the same time the computer performance
increased by a factor of 30-50.
Bild: ® setcookie auf www.pixelio.de

8. Internet and social network
Much faster communication in much shorter time
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■ In 2010, 107 tr. mails were sent.
■ This equals 15,000 mails for every person in the
world.²
■ 2 billion people are able to receive mails
■ Spam-rate 89.1%³
■ At the end of 2009, the number of users of social
networks (800 Million) outreached the number of e-mail
users.³
■ The next generation:
■ 98% are members of studiVZ (German young)
■ 93% are online every day
■ 7,7 Million get a daily tweet of Lady Gaga
²107Bio. Mails an 2 Mrd. User p.a.
2010 [Spiegel online 18.1.2011]
³MessageLabs Intelligence 2010

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70,0%
60,0%
50,0%
40,0%
30,0%
20,0%
10,0%
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38,0% 39,5%
17% growth of e-commerce
(Germany 2011)
46,9%
53,3%
60,4%
66,4%
0,0%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Infratest im Auftrag von BVH, Paypal; E-Commerce-Studie 2011
Pressekonferenz im Juni 2011
݁ െ ܿ݋݉݉݁ݎܿ݁
݈݉ܽ݅ ݋ݎ݀݁ݎ ܾݑݏ݅݊݁ݏݏ
∗ 100 ሾ%ሿ

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The result: The logistical triad
flexible · convertible · automated
■ Flexibility
■ Modification of a system within the planned boundaries.
■ Flexibility of goods · of throughput · of layout
■ Changeability
■ Modification, variation and expansion of a system beyond the
planned boundaries².
■ Awareness of environment
■ Active, purposeful response (e.g. adaptation)
■ Independent acting (artificial intelligence)
■ Real time capability
■ Evolution into an indefinite future based on incomplete
information
■ Versus automation
²Günthner, W.; Heinecker, M.; Wilke, M.: Materialflusssysteme für
wandelbare Fabrikstrukturen. IIndustrie Management, 18(5):8–10, 2002

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Just some bits of information:
That‘s how we see our world

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International Forum How we should see our world
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Fotomontage auf Basis eines Fotos von
® Oliver Haja auf www.pixelio.de

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International Forum smaRTI – smart reusable transport items
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Realtime interbranch
processes, based on smart
reusable transport items
(smaRTIs)
Based on intelligent
carriers in three different
industries: FMCG, Air-
Cargo and Postal
Cloud-based event
repository, to gather
comprehensive supply
chain information
Hybrid AutoID-processes,
that support
simple barcode scans,
up to complex RTLS-Systems
or end-user
devices like the iPhone.
Bild: © Antje Delater auf www.pixelio.de
EffizienzClusters LogistikRuhr - Gefördert durch:

16. Internet of Things
International Forum Smart air freight containers (smartULD)
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■ DyCoNet smartULDs…
■ …use energy harvesting
■ …collect environmental
data with sensors
■ …trigger alarms
autonomously
■ …build local networks of
charge carriers via short
range wireless (SRW)
■ …interact with IT-networks
(e.g. ULD management)
■ …order transports to a
destination (loading
devices, aircrafts)
EffizienzClusters LogistikRuhr - Gefördert durch:
ULD Management
smartULDs
GSM /
UMTS
SRW (ZigBee, 802.15.4)
Internet

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International Forum Philosophy of the Internet of Things
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■ The trend is going from
hierarchical to mesh-like
structures
■ Modularization of
mechanical components
■ Distribution of control
functions over the system
■ Every entity is represented
by a software agent
■ This leads to:
■ decentralization
■ internet of things
(not only) in logistics
Classical material flow control
Internet of Things

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Photo: © Echino auf www.pixelio.de
und LinogistiX

19. Cellular intralogistics and transport system
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■ The cellular intralogistics anticipates individualization
and elevates it to a method.
The philosophy of the "Logistics on Demand" is
transferred to the physical material flow:
■ Stiff and conventional materials handling systems are
dismantled.
■ Autonomous vehicles and modules (cells) substitute
conveyors and cooperate like the cells of an organism.
■ Each cell provides a service – e. g. transporting a
container from a source to a destination.
■ The classic material flow system will be replaced by co-operating
cells (entities).
■ This leads to a maximum of flexibility and dynamism.

20. IoT Forum 2011
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International Forum The ideal logistic space is empty
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the workstations - logistical “feeding grounds”
Diese Entwicklung wurde gefördert durch:
the warehouse - logistical “anthill”

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There is a method to individuality!
Internet of Things - Cellular Intralogistics
Diese Entwicklung wurde gefördert durch:
ant
ant
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ant
ant
ant
ant
ant
ant
ant
ant
ant
ant
ant
ant

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Individuality is methodical!
Internet of Things-Cellular Intralogistics
Diese Entwicklung wurde gefördert durch:

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Video Individuality is methodical!
Internet of Things-Cellular Intralogistics
Diese Entwicklung wurde gefördert durch:

24. Multishuttle™ – Cellular intralogistics
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■ Agent-based control system
■ Decentralized control concept using autonomy and
swarm intelligence
■ Autonomous access towards a destination
■ Communication with sensor nodes and WiFi by IEEE
802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11
■ Hybrid sensor concept including radio detection and
ranging sensors
■ Intelligent decentralized localization and collision
detection
■ Save interaction with
■ People and non-automated vehicles like fork lift trucks etc.
■ Order management by Logistics Mall + SAP
Diese Entwicklung wurde gefördert durch:

25. Way by Odometry
Way by MC particle filter
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Particle filters for
positioning · navigation · tracking
Particle
Real position
LogiMAT 2011 - Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Kamagaew
sequ. Monte Carlo and Kalman filter for Gaussian distribution

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International Forum Modelling a new world
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Internet of Services
logistics mall
Normative level
Batch execution
Self-organization
Software as a Service & SOA
Internet of Things
Cellular Intralogistics
Operational level
Real time capabilities
Self-control
MultiShuttle™

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Logistics Mall
Service-oriented architectures in logistics

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Logistics Mall
Service-oriented architectures in logistics
TEIL II

30. Internet of Things
International Forum Logistics and the Internet of Things
IoT International Forum
Berlin, November 2011
Prof. Dr. Michael ten Hompel