1. HUMAN
EVOLUTION

2. CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN
PHYLUM CHORDATA
SUPER CLASS TETRAPODA
CLASS MAMMALIA
ORDER PRIMATA
GENUS Homo
SPECIES sapien
SUB SPECIES sapien
SAPIENT = WISE

3. Ancestor
Per
iod
Years
ago
Fossils
in
Characters Main natures
1
Oligopithe
cus
Oli
goc
ene
4
crore
Egypt,
Sahar
a
32 teeth, dental
formula2123, 4
cusps in molars
as of man
Common
ancestor of
old world
monkey, ape
and man
2
Propliopit
hecus &
Aegyptopit
hecus
3.8
crore
Egypt,
Kahir
a
Characters of
both ape and
man
Common
ancestor of
ape and man
3
Dryopithe
cus
Mi
oce
ne
3.5
crore
Africa
Jaws projecting
like apes,
walked on fore
limbs
Primitive ape

4. 4 Shivapithecus
Pliocene
14 – 15
million
Shivalik
hills,
India
Jaws, teeth and face
are like apes
True ape like
5
Ramapithecu
s
14 – 15
million
Shivalik
Man like characters
in an ape
Man like ape
6
Kenyapithecu
s
14 – 15
million
Kenys,
China
Palate raised,
incisors and canine
arranged as in man,
similar to
Ramapithecus
Man like ape
7
Australopithe
cus
3 – 5
million
A. africanus Africa
Bipedal walk, 600 cc
brain, foramen
magnum shifted
forward and
downward, canine
small, omnivore
African ape man,
used raw stones
as tools, hunter
A.
transvalensis
South
Africa
Taller than
africanus, heavy
jaws, teeth larger,
herbivore,
Ape man, stone
tool use, hunter

5. 8 Homo habilis
Pleistocene
2
millio
n
Africa
4 – 5 feet tall, 680
cc brain, bipedal,
omnivore
Primitive true
man, Stone tool
maker, more
man like ape
9
Homo
erectus
H. e. erectus
or Java man
17
lakh
Solo
river of
Java
Slightly bent,
bipedal, 900 cc
brain projecting
heavy jaws, flat
nose, chin under
developed,
eyebrows heavy
and prominent,
omnivores and
probably cannibals
First fire user
(for hunting,
defence,
cooking), cave
dweller
H. e.
pekinensis
Peking man
5 – 6
lakh
Peking
(China)
1075 cc brain,
small stature, lower
jaw less massive,
Cave dwelling in
groups, fire
users, cannibals,
used some
language

6. 10
Homo sapien
neanderthale
nsis
Pleistocene
1.5
lakh
Europe
Low slopping
forehead, thick bony
ridges over eyes,
nose broad, 1450 cc
brain,
First true man,
Made tools from
stone and bones,
primitive social
life with some
division of
labour, religious,
ceremonial dead
burial, belief on
soul immortality,
speech use.
11
H. s. fossilis
Cro-magnon
man
40000 France
Man like skull,
broad face, arched
and broad face, low
eyebrow ridges, nose
narrow and pointed,
chin well developed
More like
modern man,
cultured, cave
dwelling and
painting, small
families,
omnivore, cooked
food, expert
weapon maker,
stone ornaments,
animal skin as
dress

7. H. s.
sapien
modern
Re
ce
nt
1000
0
Afric
a
Fully erect,
opposable
thumb,
forelimbs as
hands, 1450
cc brain, etc.
Social,
Cultured,
religious,
producer,
saver,
future
planner