1.
Multimedia Hardware and Software
Lectureslides–2
© 2021 Er
. Santosh Panth

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2.1. Analog and Digital Data
What is Signal?
A signal is an electromagnetic or electrical current that is used for
carrying data from one system or network to another. The signal is a
function that conveys information about a phenomenon.

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Analog Signal
Analog signal is a continuous signal in which one time-varying quantity represents
another time-based variable. These kind of signals works with physical values and natural
phenomena such as earthquake, frequency, volcano, speed of wind, weight, lighting, etc.

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Analog Signal
Characteristics OF Analog Signal
Here, are essential characteristics of Analog Signal
•These type of electronic signals are time-varying
•Minimum and maximum values which is either positive or negative.
•It can be either periodic or non-periodic.
•Analog Signal works on continuous data.
•The accuracy of the analog signal is not high when compared to the digital signal.
•It helps you to measure natural or physical values.
•Analog signal output form is like Curve, Line, or Graph, so it may not be meaningful to all.
, lighting, etc.

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Digital Signal
Digital signal is a signal that is used to represent data as a sequence of separate values at
any point in time. It can only take on one of a fixed number of values. This type of signal
represents a real number within a constant range of values. Now, let’s learn some key
difference between Digital and Analog signals.

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Digital Signal
Characteristics of Digital Signals
Here, are essential characteristics of Digital signals
•Digital signals are time separated signals.
•This type of electronic l signals can be processed and transmitted better compared to
analog signal.
•Digital signals are versatile, so it is widely used.
•The accuracy of the digital signal is better than that of the analog signal.

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Hardware Requriment
2.2.1. Processing Unit
2.2.2. Memory
2.2.3. Universal Serial Bus (USB) Device
2.2.4. Graphics Card and Graphical Processing Unit (GPU)
2.2.5. Hard Drive
2.2.6. Monitor
2.2.7. External Storage and Optical Device

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Processing Unit
Processor
The heart of any multimedia computer is its processor.
Today Core 15 or higher processor is recommended for a multimedia computer.
•CPU is considered as the brain of the computer.
•CPU performs all types of data processing operations.
•It stores data, intermediate result and instructions (program)
.
•It controls the operations of all parts of computer.

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Memory
Memory and Storage Devices - You need memory for storing various files used during
production, original audio and video clips, edited pieces and final mined pieces. You also
need memory for backup of your project files.
•Primary Memory- Primary memory holds only those data and instructions on which
computer is currently working. It has limited capacity and data gets lost when power is
switched off. It is generally made up of semiconductor device. These memories are not as
fast as registers. The data and instructions required to be processed earlier reside in main
memory. It is divided into two subcategories RAM and ROM.

10.
Memory
Secondary Memory: This type of memory is also known as external memory or non-
volatile. It is slower than main memory.
These are used for storing Data/Information permanently. CPU directly does not access
these memories; instead they are accessed via input-output routines. Contents of
secondary memories are first transferred to main memory and then CPU can access it.
For example, disk, CD-ROM, DVD, etc.

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USB
• A Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a common interface that enables communication
between devices and a host controller such as a personal computer (PC) or
smartphone.
• It connects peripheral devices such as digital cameras, mice, keyboards, printers,
scanners, media devices, external hard drives and flash drives. Because of its wide
variety of uses, including support for electrical power, the USB has replaced a wide
range of interfaces like the parallel and serial port.
• A USB is intended to enhance plug-and-play and allow hot swapping. Plug-and-play
enables the operating system (OS) to spontaneously configure and discover a new
peripheral device without having to restart the computer. As well, hot swapping allows
removal and replacement of a new peripheral without having to reboot.

12.
USB

13.
Graphics Card and Graphical Processing Unit (GPU)
• A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a computer chip that renders graphics and images
by performing rapid mathematical calculations.
• GPUs are used for both professional and personal computing.
• Traditionally, GPUs are responsible for the rendering of 2D and 3D images, animations
and video -- even though, now, they have a wider use range.

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Graphics Card and Graphical Processing Unit (GPU)
• The graphics processing unit, or GPU, has become one of the most important types of
computing technology, both for personal and business computing. Designed for
parallel processing, the GPU is used in a wide range of applications, including graphics
and video rendering.
• Although they’re best known for their capabilities in gaming, GPUs are becoming more
popular for use in creative production and artificial intelligence (AI).
• While the terms GPU and graphics card (or video card) are often used interchangeably,
there is a subtle distinction between these terms.
• Much like a motherboard contains a CPU, a graphics card refers to an add-in board
that incorporates the GPU. This board also includes the raft of components required to
both allow the GPU to function and connect to the rest of the system.

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Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
A hard disk drive (HDD) is a non-volatile computer storage device containing magnetic
disks or platters rotating at high speeds.
It is a secondary storage device used to store data permanently, random access memory
(RAM) being the primary memory device. Non-volatile means data is retained when the
computer is turned off.
A hard disk drive is also known as a hard drive

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Hard Disk Drive (HDD) -Parts

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Monitor
A monitor is an electronic output device that is also known as a video display terminal
(VDT) or a video display unit (VDU).
It is used to display images, text, video, and graphics information generated by a
connected computer via a computer's video card. Although it is almost like a TV, its
resolution is much higher than a TV

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Monitor –Type
1. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Monitors
It is a technology used in early monitors. It uses a beam of electrons to create an image
on the screen. It comprises the guns that fire a beam of electrons inside the screen. The
electron beams repeatedly hit the surface of the screen. These guns are responsible for
generating RGB (Red, Green, Blue) colors, and more other colors can be generated with
the help of combining these three colors. Today's Flat Panel Monitors replace the CRT
monitors.

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Monitor –Type
2. LED Monitors
It is a flat screen computer monitor, which stands for light-emitting diode display. It is
lightweight in terms of weight and has a short depth. As the source of light, it uses a
panel of LEDs. Nowadays, a wide number of electronic devices, both large and small
devices such as laptop screens, mobile phones, TVs, computer monitors, tablets, and
more, use LED displays.

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Monitor –Type
3.Liquid Crystal Display:
LCD (Liquid crystal display) screen contains a substance known as liquid crystal. The
particles of this substance are aligned in a way that the light located backside on the
screens, which allow to generate an image or block. Liquid crystal display offers a clear
picture as compared to CRT display and emits less radiation. Furthermore, it consumes
less power and takes less space than a CRT display.

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Monitor –Type
4. OLED Monitors
It is a new flat light-emitting display technology, which is more efficient, brighter, thinner,
and better refresh rates feature and contrast as compared to the LCD display. It is made
up of locating a series of organic thin films between two conductors. These displays do
not need a backlight as they are emissive displays. Furthermore, it provides better image
quality ever and used in tablets and high-end smartphones.

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Monitor –Type
5. Plasma Monitor
The Plasma monitor panel (PDP) is made of Plasma technology is another latest type of
computer monitor technology. Display of plasma made with cells. These cells are filled
with ‘electrically charged Ionized Gas‘. Such cells are called Plasma.
The basic idea behind its invention is that it illuminates the tiny colored fluorescent lights
that create image pixels. Each pixel is made of three fluorescent lights like a tiny neon
light- red, green, and blue lights. that produces a superior contrast ratio, along with the
intensity of these lights also vary accordingly.

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External Storage and Optical Device
More commonly referred to as an external drive, external storage is storage that's not
part of the internal parts (external) of a computer. These drives often connect to the
computer using USB, eSATA, or FireWire connection.
• External hard drive
• Flash drive
• Floppy disk
• Compact disc
• Tape drive

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Optical Device
Optical storage, electronic storage medium that uses low-power laser beams to record
and retrieve digital (binary) data. In optical-storage technology, a laser beam encodes
digital data onto an optical, or laser, disk in the form of tiny pits arranged in a spiral track
on the disk’s surface.

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Optical Device
An optical disk is primarily used as a portable and secondary storage device. It can store
more data than the previous generation of magnetic storage media, and has a relatively
longer lifespan.
Compact disks (CD), digital versatile/video disks (DVD) and Blu-ray disks are currently the
most commonly used forms of optical disks. These disks are generally used to:
•Distribute software to customers
•Store large amounts of data such as music, images and videos
•Transfer data to different computers or devices
•Back up data from a local machine