Understanding and Interpreting Body Language
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Understanding and Interpreting Body Language
- 1. Beyond Words . . . Understanding and Interpreting Body Language
- 6. When children are small and tell a lie, their hands fly over their mouth. Fig. 1
- 7. A teenager might “refine” this inherent gesture by simply bringing tips of fingers to the mouth Fig. 2
- 8. An adult may bring the little finger to edge of mouth. Fig 3
- 9. The Palm Historically, an open palm has signified honesty, truth, allegiance, and submission.
- 11. An Appeal or Request to Others Fig. 4
- 12. A Desire to Stop or Hold Something Down Fig. 5
- 13. Palms-up Expresses Submission Fig. 6
- 14. Palms-down Expresses Authority Fig. 7
- 15. Closed Palm With Extended Finger Expresses Authority That Borders on Tyranny Fig. 8
- 18. Dominance is shown by turning hand so that palm is facing down during the handshake. Fig. 9
- 19. Submission is shown by turning hand so that palm is facing upwards during the handshake Fig. 10
- 20. Equality is shown by turning palm so that it faces neither up nor downwards. Fig. 11
- 22. The “Glove” Handshake Fig. 12
- 23. Clasping the Arm Handshake Fig. 13
- 24. Knuckle Cruncher Handshake Fig. 14
- 25. “ Dead Fish” Handshake Fig. 15
- 26. Fingertip Clasp Fig. 16
- 27. Straight-Arm Extension Handshake Fig. 17
- 28. The Hands
- 29. Hand Clenching Fig. 18
- 30. Hand clenching not next to body is a signal of frustration or negativity. Fig. 19
- 31. Hand Chop Fig. 20
- 32. Hand Steepling Fig. 21 Fig. 22
- 33. Hand-Holding Behind the Back Fig. 23
- 34. Don’t confuse handholding behind back with wrist or arm holding! Fig. 24 Fig. 25
- 35. Thumb Presentation Fig. 26
- 36. Fingers & Hand To Face, Head, & Neck
- 37. Finger(s) to Mouth Fig. 27
- 38. Hand to Chin & Cheek Indifference/Boredom Gesture Fig. 28
- 39. Gesture of Interest Fig. 30
- 40. Forming a Decision Gesture Fig. 31
- 41. Deceit Gestures Hand to Mouth, Ear, or Eye Hear no evil, speak no evil, see no evil . . .
- 42. The Mouth Guard Gesture Fig. 32
- 43. The Nose Touch Gesture Fig. 33
- 44. The Eye Rub Fig. 34
- 45. The Ear Rub Fig. 35
- 46. Hand to Neck: Back Neck Rub Fig. 36
- 47. Hands Behind Head Fig. 37
- 48. Language of the Arms
- 49. Folded Arms Fig. 38
- 50. Folded Arms With Clenched Fists Fig. 39
- 51. Arm Gripping Fig. 40
- 52. Single Arm Cross Fig. 41
- 53. Sophisticated Arm Cross Barriers Fig. 42
- 54. Language of the Legs and Feet
- 55. Crossing at the Knee Fig. 43
- 56. Ankle on Knee Fig. 44
- 57. Leg Lock Position Fig. 45
- 58. Ankle to Ankle Leg Cross Fig. 46
- 59. Foot Tapping or Wagging Fig. 47
- 60. Language of the Hair, Head, and Face
- 61. Hair Stroking and Head Tossing Fig. 48
- 62. Hair Twisting Fig. 49
- 63. Head Tilt Fig. 50
- 64. Backward Head Tilt Fig. 51
- 65. Lifted Eyebrow Fig. 52
- 66. Raised Eyebrows Fig. 53
- 68. Nose Flare Fig. 55
- 69. Skewed Mouth Fig. 56
Notas do Editor
- This gesture is inherent and continues to be used throughout a lifetime in more refined and varied forms.
- Sometimes adults will refrain from using hands and bite lower lip, purse lips, or skew mouth from side to side.
- This body language seems to reinforce the “trust me—I’m a humble individual and need your support” tactic.
- -Demonstrated by initiator clasping both hands around the recipient’s hand. -It is intended to give impression of companionship and warmth. -Sometimes referred to as “politician’s handshake”.
- -Variation of the glove handshake whereby initiator shakes person’s extended hand in conventional fashion while grasping receiver’s upper arm with free hand. -This too is intended to demonstrate sincerity and warmth but is often seen as a violation of personal space.
- -The hallmark of aggressive handshake whereby one or both participators firmly squeeze offered hand. -Sometimes referred to as the “Texas Vice”. -Thought to be due to socialization process which encourages boys to demonstrate their assertive, powerful, “manly” attributes.
- -The hallmark of passive handshakes. -Carries negative connotations and generally considered to demonstrate weak, apathetic, or submissive individual. -Traditionally an acceptable handshake for women.
- -Occurs when one party stops short of grasping other participant’s palm and instead clasps his/her fingers. -Sometimes happens when one party “misses his/her mark due to lack of confidence or nervousness. -Other times, this technique is used when people want to maintain spatial distance and less intimacy.
- -Initiator of this handshake will offer a straight, extended arm in greeting. -Primary purpose is to maintain distance and formality. -Sometimes people from rural areas who are used to keeping their distance will use this handshake.
- This gesture can have several meanings: -when clenched hands are held at chest level and against body, this if often indication of personal pleading (Fig. 18) -when clenched hands are at chin or chest but not next to body, this is signal of frustration or negativity. (Fig. 19)
- -An aggressive gesture that speakers sometimes use when they want to accent what is being said. -Although this is a forceful gesture, it does not have the violent connotation as does the chopping fist with extended finger.
- -Used by individuals who feel confident. -When steepled hands are in raised position, the individual is usually speaking (offering ideas, comments, etc.). -When steepled hands are in lowered position, individual usually is listening. -Researchers have noted that women tend to use the lowered steeple position more than the raised position.
- -When individual holds both hands behind back, this signals confidence. -Note that this position allows individual to expose trunk of his/her body and signals unconscious act of fearlessness.
- -These gestures indicate an attempt at self-control (hence the phrase, “Get a grip on yourself”). -Generally speaking, the higher the hand grips the arm, the angrier the individual and the greater the attempt at self-control.
- -Presentation of thumbs is a gesture, which signals superiority or dominance. -Often displayed from pockets and usually part of gesture cluster that signals an authoritative attitude.
- -A signal that he/she is under pressure or feeling insecure.
- -Resting jaw and cheek against hand as though to support weight of head. -The more assistance from the hand, the greater degree of boredom.
- -If the hand is closed and resting on cheek with index finger extended towards temple (and not used as head support), this indicates interest. -Men tend to hold their head in a vertical position, whereas women tend to tilt their head when using this gesture.
- -One hand moves to lower jaw and begins chin-stroking.
- -When an individual’s hand covers mouth (partially or entirely). -A signal that he/she is exaggerating or lying. -If, however, someone covers his/her mouth while you are speaking, it indicates that listener doesn’t believe you!
- -A modified version of mouth guard gesture. -May be physiological reason for this gesture: researchers determined that lying can cause sensitive nerve endings at base of nose to tingle and itch.
- -A subconscious gesture that is used when a person is intentionally trying to deceive others. -Whereas a teenager will obviously look down at his/her feet when trying to deceive, an adult might rub the corner of his/her eye which allows a break in eye contact.
- -A subconscious gesture that indicated the individual is perplexed about what he/she is hearing.
- Has a couple of meanings: -Sometimes people who are lying will rub back of neck while looking down and avoiding your gaze. -Other times this gesture is a signal of frustration or anger (“pain in the neck”).
- -Clasped hands behind head is an indication that the individual is relaxed. -If individual is also leaning back and has chin lifted, this indicates feeling of superiority or smugness.
- -A common posture whereby an individual will casually fold arms across the chest. -Posture may be in response to the cold. -More often, this posture signifies a defensive or insecure attitude. -If both hands are tucked under armpits, this generally signifies a response to the cold.
- -The clenched fists indicate defensive and hostile feelings. -This posture might also be accompanied by clamped jaw and flushed face.
- This variation of arm folding usually indicates insecurity and fear
- -Subtle version of full arm cross. -Generally signals insecurity.
- -Posture is often intermittent and takes place when one arm reaches across the chest to touch a watch, shirt, cuff, shirt button, or bracelet, etc. -Gesture provides a discreet, temporary barrier every time someone adjusts a watchband or straightens a shirtsleeve.
- -A relaxed social leg crossing posture that is assumed by both men and women in Europe. -Generally in America, this posture is limited to females and thought to be essentially effeminate.
- -Sometimes referred to as the “cowboy” pose and is a predominately male form of leg crossing in the Western world (particularly in US). -This posture is not acceptable in Middle East since any display of the sole of a shoe is an insult.
- -A posture where legs are crossed at the knee and the free foot is tucked behind the ankle of the stationary leg or locked to front leg of the chair. -Generally women will assume this posture. -Many women will sit like this when cold. -Some women will assume this posture when they are nervous or defensive. -The foot acts like an anchor and provides a pseudo form of security.
- -This is considered the most polite, demure form of leg crossing. -Used by people posing for formal pictures and sends a message of proper form and decorum.
- -Repetitive tapping or wagging of the foot is an indication of impatience, boredom, or nervousness. -The redundant foot movements are said to reflect a latent desire to run away.
- -Absent-minded running of fingers through hair or swishes hair behind shoulders with a toss of the head is an unconscious gesture that occurs when an individual finds someone attractive.
- -This is generally a sign of nervous distraction. -A variation of this is the twisting of a neck chain.
- -A slight tilt of the head to one side indicates interest on that individual’s part. -Seems to be an inherent gesture and is not limited to the human species. -Women tend to use the head tilt gesture more than men do. -Oftentimes, when women use this posturing in the presence of a man, it is an indication that she finds him attractive.
- -This gesture generally indicates a perceived superiority and (sometimes) contempt for people he/she is interacting with. -This gesture probably gave rise to sayings like, “looking down his nose” (at someone), or “she has her nose in the air”.
- -When one eyebrow lifts while the other remains in the natural position, it signals skepticism.
- This gesture can indicate a couple of things: -rapid lift of both eyebrows and widening of the eyes is most often an unconscious display of greeting behavior. -can also represent a flirting gesture; different from greeting behavior in that the raised eyebrow position is sustained slightly longer (or gesture might be accompanied by a sideways glance).
- -If this gesture is accompanied by blinking, it indicates innocence (if eyes still maintain eye contact). -Wide eyes are also an indication of surprise.
- -An indication of agitation or indignation (which might border on anger).
- -A distorted version of the smile that indicates sarcasm.