Scope of entrepreneurship opportunities in India in various sectors

1. ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES IN
AGRICULTURE, TOURISM AND HEALTHCARE
SECTOR IN INDIA
By: Dr. Sandeep Solanki, Associate Professor, RNB Global University,
Bikaner, India

2. ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIAL IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE
Some Key Facts about India’s Agriculture Sector:
1) Department of agriculture and cooperation under the ministry of agriculture is the nodal organisation responsible for
development of the agriculture sector. It is responsible for formulation and implementation of national policies and
programme aimed at achieving rapid agricultural growth through optimum utilization of land, water, soil and plant
resources of the country.
2) India's varied agro-climatic conditions are highly favorable for the growth of large number of horticultural crops, which
occupy around 10 per cent of gross cropped area of the country producing 160.75 million tonnes.
3) The government of India has recognized horticulture crops as a means of diversification in agriculture in an eco-friendly
manner through efficient use of land and optimum utilization of natural resources. Horticulture seeks to create ample
opportunities for employment, particularly for unemployed youths and women folk. India has maintained leadership in
the production of many commodities like mango, banana, acid lime, coconut, arecanut (beetle-nut), cashew, ginger,
turmeric and black pepper. Presently, it is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world. India is the
second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world.
4) India is also second largest producer of flowers after China; It is also leading producer, consumer and exporter for spices
and plantation crops like tea, coffee, etc.
5) India holds the monopoly on producing the Muga Silk. It is the only one cash crop in agriculture sector that gives returns
within 30 days.

3. 7) Fisheries sector occupies a very important place in the socio-economic development of the country. It is a big source
of employment opportunities for the large number of people in the country, especially rural population.
8) India has vast resource of livestock and poultry, which play a vital role in promoting the welfare of rural masses.
9) The Indian dairy industry has acquired substantial growth momentum from 9th plan onwards. India's milk output
during the year 2006-2007 reached the level of 100.9 million tonnes (provisional), which has placed the country on top
in the world in this field.
10) The ministry of agriculture is the main authority in India for regulation and development of activities relating to
agriculture, horticulture, fishing, animal husbandry, etc. It is implementing various schemes and policies for the sector
through its divisions like 'department of agriculture and cooperation' and 'department of animal husbandry, dairying and
fisheries’.
11) Further, the ministry of food processing industries is actively engaged in promotion of entrepreneurial activities in the
segments of fish processing as well as fruits and vegetables processing.
12) Besides, commodity boards, like tea board, coffee board, rubber board, medicinal plants board, etc. Have been set up to
boost the growth of the sectors like tea, coffee, rubber, medicinal plants, respectively.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIAL IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE

4. 13) India is home to a wide variety of spices like black pepper, cardamom (small and large), ginger, garlic, turmeric, chilly
and a large variety of tree and seed spices. Almost all the states in the country grow one or more spices. The major
spice producing states are Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Odisha and Madhya Pradesh. North eastern region and
Andaman and Nicobar islands also have potential areas cultivated for spices, particularly organically.
14) Further, coconut is a versatile crop and about 10 million people depend on its cultivation, processing and related
activities. It is grown mainly along the coastal states of the country as well as in the north-eastern region. It is grown
over an area of 1.84 million ha with a production of 8.67 million tonnes. India is a leading country in the world for
Coconut production.
15) Department of animal husbandry, dairying & fisheries , under the ministry of agriculture is responsible for matters
relating to livestock production, preservation, protection and improvement of stocks, dairy development and also for
Matters relating to the Delhi milk scheme and the national dairy development board.
16) Government of India is making efforts to increase the productivity of milchig animals and thus increase the per capita
availability of milk. Most of the milk is produced by small, marginal farmers and landless laborers who are grouped
into cooperatives at the village level. To provide them a steady market and a remunerative price for the milk produced,
about 12 million farmers have been brought under the ambit of more than one lakh village level cooperative societies in
the country.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIAL IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE

5. 17) The 'fisheries and aquaculture sector' is recognized as the sunshine sector in Indian agriculture. It stimulates growth of
number of subsidiary industries and is the source of livelihood for a large section of economically backward population,
especially fishermen, of the country. It helps in increasing food supply, generating adequate employment opportunities
and raising nutritional level. It has a huge export potential and is a big source of foreign exchange earnings for the
country.
18) Fisheries predominantly covers - over the years, fisheries' industry is emerging and rapidly growing. This covers both
capture and culture including inland and sea, aquaculture, gears, navigation, oceanography, aquarium management,
breeding, processing, export and import of seafood, special products and by-products, research and related activities.
There exists several investment opportunities in the sector for the entrepreneurs world over.
19) The major activities involved in a sericulture industry are:
• Rearing of silkworms for the production of raw silk
• Cultivation of silkworm food plants
• Reeling the cocoons for unwinding the silk filament and
• Other post-cocoon processes such as twisting, dyeing, weaving, printing and finishing.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIAL IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE

6. 20) Several significant initiatives have been taken in recent years by the government Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY),
national policy for farmers, 2007 expansion of institutional credit to farmers, national rural health mission, national food
security mission, Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana to incentivize the states to invest more in agriculture, integrated food law,
legislative framework for warehousing development and regulation, protection of plant varieties and farmers' rights
(PPVFR) act, 2001, National Bamboo Mission, etc.
21) Agriculture is the mainstay of the Indian economy because of its high share in employment and livelihood creation. It
supports more than half a billion people providing employment to 52 per cent of the workforce. Its contribution to the
Nation's GDP is about 18.5 per cent in 2006-07.
22) India’s total geographical area is 328.7 million hectares, of which 141 million hectares is the net sown area, while 190
million hectares is the gross cropped area. The net irrigated area is 57 million hectares with a cropping intensity of 134
per cent. The total irrigation potential in the country has increased from 81.1 million ha in 1991- 92 to 102.8 million ha
in 2006-07.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIAL IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE

7. 23) Several significant initiatives have been taken in recent years by the government in order to reverse the downward trend
in agricultural production. Some of these important initiatives include: BHARAT NIRMAN
• National rural employment guarantee programme; National horticulture mission; Expansion of institutional credit to
farmers; Establishment of the national bee board; Establishment of the national rainfed area authority; Establishment of the
national fisheries development board (NFDB); Watershed development and micro irrigation programme; Reforms in
agricultural marketing and development of market infrastructure; Revitalization of cooperative sector; Agri-business
development through venture capital participation by the small farmer agri-business consortium; Reform and support for
agriculture extension services; National rural health mission; National food security mission; Rastriya Krishi vikas yojana
to incentivize the states to invest more in agriculture; Integrated food law; Legislative framework for warehousing
development and regulation; Protection of plant varieties and farmers’ rights (PPVFR) act, 2001; National bamboo mission
and; Knowledge connectivity through common service centers (CSC) and IT initiatives.
Hence, there exists innumerable business opportunities in the agriculture and allied sectors. Investors from all over the world
are making more and more investments into the sector for unleashing its existing potentialities as well as for exploring the
untapped areas. SOI: https://archive.india.gov.in/business/agriculture/index.php
ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIAL IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE

8. Areas of Agri-Business:
Pesticides, Fertilizers, Pulses, Rabi & Kharif Crop, Vegetables, Fruits, Flowers, Spices, Aromatic & Medicinal Plants, Silk
Farming (Sericulture), Mushroom Farming, Animal Husbandry & Livestock, Gardening & Floriculture (horticulture),
Fisheries, Dairy, Poultry, Plantation Crops like Coconut, Cashew-nuts, Cocoa, Mushroom etc; Sugarcane, Bamboo,
Oilseeds, Cotton, Jute, Pisciculture (fish cultivation), etc.
Central Govt. Schemes for Agriculture:
Under the ministry of agriculture & farmers welfare, government of India introduced various schemes, programme for
farmers/entrepreneurs in the agricultural industry and agricultural business. Provides capital assistance, loan, subsidy etc.
To farmers/graduates/entrepreneurs of the agricultural sector. The central government entrepreneur schemes for
agricultural are listed below:
Capacity building of organic products abroad, Cold Storage Units, Fodder & Feed Development, Gramin Bhandaran
Yojana, Post-Harvest Technology, Refrigerated Transport Vehicles, Agmark Grading Facilities, Mega Food Park,
Modernization of Abattoirs (meat shops), National Mission on Food Processing, Centers of Excellence in Petro-Chemicals
Sector, Setting up of Plastic Parks, etc.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIAL IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE

9. ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIALS IN TOURISM SECTOR IN INDIA
Concept of Tourism Entrepreneur:
Khanka (1999) stated that ‘tourism entrepreneur’ is a person or a group of persons producing and managing tourism
products. Tourism entrepreneurship has been recognized as the basic way to provide strategic support for maintaining
business development especially in rural areas. Koh & Hatten (2014) identified the prominence of entrepreneurs in tourism
development and claimed that the birth of touristic business is not an act of nature but an act of the tourism entrepreneur.
Koh & Hatten (2014) claimed that it is only when tourism entrepreneurs exist a society’s environment, landforms, flora and
fauna, historic artifacts, and cultural heritage enclaves become tourism resources which can be renovated and transformed
into tourist attractions and destination.
Arunmozhi & Panneerselvam (2013) stated that tourism is the short term association of people outside the domicile where
they ordinarily live and work to a destination that expressly meets there requirements. The kinds of tourism are vibrant in
time. Tureac & Anca (2008) justified that in general tourism industry is distinguished into six types established on diverse
standards.
1. Relaxing tourism industry 2. Health care tourism industry 3. Holiday tourism industry 4. Transportation tourism industry
5. Reduced distance tourism industry 6. Professional tourism industry
SOI: ResearchGate.Net

10. Different types of tourism business have been distinguished based on the following criteria (Tureac & Anca, 2008):
1. The conditions of the primary region and the destination: a) Domestic tourism business b) International Tourism business.
2. The standard quantity of members: a) Individual tourism business b) Group tourism business
3. Organizational standard: a) Organized tourism business b) Unorganized tourism business c) Semi-organized tourism
business
4. Seasonal Criterion: a) Continuous tourism business b) Discontinuous tourism business
5. Temporal Standard: a) Tourism for very extensive period of time business b) Tourism of long period business c) Tourism of
compact period business
6. Transportation vehicles criteria: a) Train Tourism business b) Auto Tourism business c) Maritime tourism business d) In-
flight tourism business e) Other forms of tourism business such as cycling, walking, etc.
7. Societal criterion: a) Private tourism business b) Social tourism business
8. Age and occupation standard: a) Youth Tourism business b) Specific to grown-ups’ tourism business c) Specific for adult
group tourism business
9. Destination criterion: a) Mountain tourism business b) Season tourism business
SOI: ResearchGate.Net
ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIALS IN TOURISM SECTOR IN INDIA

11. 1) The Indian tourism and hospitality industry has emerged as one of the key drivers of growth among the services sector
in India. The third-largest sub-segment of the services sector comprising trade, repair services, hotels and restaurants
Contributed nearly US$ 187.9 billion or 12.5 per cent to the gross domestic product (GDP) in 2014-15, while
growing the fastest at 11.7 per cent compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over the period 2011-12 to 2014-15.
2) Tourism in India has significant potential considering the rich cultural and historical heritage, variety in ecology,
terrains and places of natural beauty spread across the country. Tourism is also a potentially large employment
generator besides being a significant source of foreign exchange for the country.
3) The industry is expected to generate 13.45 million jobs! Across sub-segments such as restaurants (10.49 million jobs),
hotels (2.3 million jobs) and travel agents/tour operators (0.66 million). The ministry of tourism plans to help the
industry meet the increasing demand of skilled and trained manpower by providing hospitality education to students as
well as certifying and upgrading skills of existing service providers.
4) The number of foreign tourist arrivals (FTAs) has grown steadily in the last three years reaching around 7.103 million
during January–November 2015 (4.5 per cent growth); the number of FTAs in November 2015 was 815,000; foreign
exchange earnings (fees) from tourism during January-November 2015 were Rs. 1,12,958 crore (US$ 16.94 billion),
registering a growth of 1 per cent over same period last year.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIALS IN TOURISM SECTOR IN INDIA

12. 5) The Tourism And Hospitality Sector is Among the top 15 Sectors In India to attract the highest Foreign Direct
Investment (FDI). During The Period April 2000-september 2015, The Hotel And Tourism Sector Attracted Around
Us$ 8.48 Billion Of FDI, According To The Data Released By Department Of Industrial Policy And Promotion
(Dipp). Thomas Cook, Vantage, Kuoni’s, Onyx, Marriott, Goldman Sachs are among the specially stated FDIs in India
In Multi-million Dollars.
6) Ministry Of Tourism Has Sanctioned Rs 844.96 Crore (Us$ 142 Million) To States And Union Territories For
Developing Tourism Destinations And Circuits During F.Y. 2014-15, Which Includes Projects Relating To
Product/Infrastructure Development For Destinations And Circuits (PIDDC), Human Resource Development (HRD),
Fairs And Festivals & Rural Tourism.
7) The Heritage City Development And Augmentation Yojana (Hriday) Action Plans For Eight Missions Cities
Including Varanasi, Mathura, Ajmer, Dwaraka, Badami, Vellankini, Warangal And Amaravati Have Been Approved
By Hriday National Empowered Committee For A Total Cost Of Rs 431 Crore (Us$ 64.7 Million).
8) Government of India plans to cover 150 countries under e-visa scheme by the end of the year besides opening an
airport in the NCR region in order to ease the pressure on Delhi airport.
9) Under ‘Project Mausam’ the government of india has proposed to establish cross cultural linkages and to revive
historic maritime cultural and economic ties with 39 indian ocean countries.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIALS IN TOURISM SECTOR IN INDIA

13. 10) The medical tourism market in India is projected to reach US$ 3.9 in size this year having grown at a CAGR of 27
per cent over the last three years, according to a joint report by FICCI and KPMG. Also, inflow of medical tourists is
expected to cross 320 million by 2015 compared with 85 million in 2012.
Tourism Needs Gap Analysis for an Entrepreneurship Potential:
1) Accommodation of various categories
2) Guide for specialized knowledge & place
3) Transport To & Fro [Helicopter, Reservations, Boats, Animal Riding, Emergency Supplies, etc. ]
4) Variety of Meal Specialities (Mustafa of ID Freshfoods, Kerala)
5) Variety of Drinks Specialities
6) Fulfilling IT needs (websites)
7) Motives to Travel: Adventure like Mountaineering & Wildlife; Religious, Entertainment, Business, Study, Cultural
Change, Atmospheric or Geographical Change, Employment Needs, Meet New People, Profession, Allopathic
Treatment, Ayurveda & Traditional Medical Treatments; First Time Traveler with or without family, Heritage Sites,
Rural Areas, Import & Export, Trade Hubs like Textile Hubs, IT, Engineering, Packaging, etc.
An entrepreneur needs to understand that what needs he/she can cater to travelers after knowing the above needs gap.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIALS IN TOURISM SECTOR IN INDIA

14. 15 entrepreneurs who are shaking the travel scene of India
1) Chitra Gurnani Daga (CEO & co-founder, thrillophilia)
2) Hrush Bhatt (co-founder, clear-trip)
3) Jayanti Rajgopalan (founder, detours india)
4) Gautam Shewakramani (founder & CEO, audio-compass)
5) Dilip Chhabria (founder, DC design)
6) Dinesh Shriram (CEO, bharat travels)
7) Pushpinder Singh (CEO & co-founder, travelkhana)
8) Ish jindal (founder, padhaaro)
9) Michael pargal lyngdoh (co-founder, tripoto)
10) Vikrant chheda, 32 (co-founder, white collar hippie)
11) Piya bose (founder, girls on the go club)
12) Rahul salgia (CEO & founder, digivalet)
13) Vikram ahuja (founder, byond travel)
14) Ishank ahuja (founder, mytravel pie)
15) Sukhmani singh (co-founder, seeksherpa)
SOI: https://in.Thehackerstreet.Com/15-entrepreneurs-travel-startup-india/
ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIALS IN TOURISM SECTOR IN INDIA

15. Tourist Places in India:
CLASS ASSIGNMENT
Tourist Places out of India / Foreign Touris Places:
CLASS ASSIGNMENT
ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIALS IN TOURISM SECTOR IN INDIA

16. ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIALS IN HEALTH SECTOR IN INDIA
Scope of Areas for a start-up in Health Care or Medical Facilities are:
1) Setting hospitals in small town & rural areas with limited bed for patients; hiring doctors time; for routine patients
2) Diagnosis hospitals like – dental, pediatrics, EEN&T, lever, heart etc.
3) Medical Imaging Facilities Centers for X-rays, sonography, electrocardiography, radiography, blood test, MRI
(magnetic resonance imaging)
4) Medical Store after doing diploma course in pharma; while strengthening supply of emergency medicines
5) Manufacturing & Supply of surgical equipment like for holding, cutting, and disposables, ortho-wires, rib spreader,
suction pipes, surgical staple etc.
6) Fostering Specialty Treatment & its education – Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Acupressure, etc.
7) Nursing Training Centers
8) Tele-medicine Hub with I&C Tools (remote healthcare services) especially in rural areas
9) Blood Donation Centers & Camps especially after natural disasters
10) Specialty Hospitals for Heart, Ortho, Chronic Respiratory Diseases, and Neurology

17. 11) Medical Education
12) Charitable Trust specifically devoted for patients
13) Insurance & Financing Services to patients with severe diseases or accident cases
14) Medical Software Application Centers (e.g. 3DSlicer, ImageJ, MIPAV etc)
15) Developing apps that offer appointment booking services
16) Diabetes management clinics
17) Invest in developing low cost diagnostic kits for rural households, low cost dialysis technology, cheap sanitary napkins,
cheaper cardiac surgery, among others.
18) Serving rural areas especially spreading health & cleanliness awareness programs and de-addiction programs (against
alcohol, opium & tobacco)
19) Women Centric Medical Tests in India (early diagnosis of breast cancer or cervical cancer, pap smear test etc.)
The healthcare market is predicted to grow from $100 billion in 2016 to $280 billion in 2020. This exponential growth is
supported by broader and deeper penetration of broadband internet and smartphones. With an increasingly high number of
Indians gaining access to the digital media, the digital technology is going to be the next big thing in he health care sector
too.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIALS IN HEALTH SECTOR IN INDIA