Coulomb's Law

Presented
by:
Sameem Makhdoomi-09
Touqeer Zeeshan-12
Mohsin Wani-15
Rayees Rafiq-14

Presentation Assignment III
By rollno.09,12,14,15.
Contents:
1. Electric Charge
2. Coulomb’s Law & continuous charge distribution
3. Divergence and curl of electric field
4. Gauss’s law & applications
5.Numerical problems from Griffith’s book

Electric
Charge
All ordinary matter contains
both positive and negative
charge.
You do not usually notice the
charge because most matter
contains the exact same
number of positive and
negative charges.
An object is electrically
neutral when it has equal
amounts of both types of
charge.
By rollno.09,12,14,15.

Electric Charge
Objects can lose or gain electric
charges.
The net charge is also sometimes
called excess charge because a
charged object has an excess of
either positive or negative
charges.
A tiny imbalance in either positive
or negative charge on an object is
the cause of static electricity.
By rollno.09,12,14,15.

Electric Charge
Electric charge is a
property of tiny particles in
atoms.
The unit of electric charge
is the coulomb (C).
A quantity of charge
should always be
identified with a positive
or a negative sign.
By rollno.09,12,14,15.

Electric forces
 Electric forces are created between all electric charges.
 Because there are two kinds of charge (positive and
negative) the electrical force between charges can attract
or repel.
By rollno.09,12,14,15.

Electric current
 In conductive liquids (salt water)
both positive and negative
charges carry current.
 In solid metal conductors, only
the electrons can move, so
current is carried by the flow of
negative electrons.
The direction of current was historically defined as the
direction that positive charges move.
Both positive and negative charges can carry current.
By rollno.09,12,14,15.

Fields and
forces
The concept of a field is used to describe any quantity
that has a value for all points in space.
You can think of the field as the way forces are
transmitted between objects.
Charge creates an electric field that creates forces on
other charges.
By rollno.09,12,14,15.

Conductors and insulators

All materials contain
electrons.

The electrons are what carry
the current in a conductor.

The electrons in insulators
are not free to move—they
are tightly bound inside
atoms.
By rollno.09,12,14,15.

Semiconductors

A semiconductor has a few free electrons and atoms with
bound electrons that act as insulators.
By rollno.09,12,14,15.

Drawing the electric field
By rollno.09,12,14,15.

Coulomb's Law

The force between two
charges is directed
along the line
connecting their
centers.

Electric forces always
occur in pairs according
to Newton’s third law,
like all forces.
By rollno.09,12,14,15.

Coulomb's Law

The force between
charges is directly
proportional to the
magnitude, or amount, of
each charge.

Doubling one charge
doubles the force.

Doubling both charges
quadruples the force.
By rollno.09,12,14,15.

Coulomb's Law
The force between charges is
inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between
them.
Doubling the distance reduces
the force by a factor of 22 = (4),
decreasing the force to one-
fourth its original value (1/4).
This relationship is called an
inverse square law because
force and distance follow an
inverse square relationship.
By rollno.09,12,14,15.

By rollno.09,12,14,15.

Electric field due to continuous
charge distributions
By rollno.09,12,14,15.

Coulomb's Law

Coulomb's Law

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