psychosocial development, erikson theory, 8 stages, adolescence, trust mistrust

1. PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE AND
YOUNG ADULTHOOD
LSN 1303: HEALTH AND WELLNESS

2. PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Development of the personality, including acquisition of
social attitudes and skills from infancy to maturity
Personality: enduring personal characteristics of individual

3. Psycho-social Development
Erik Erikson
German-born, American
developmental psychologist
Identified eight stages
through which a healthily
developing human should
pass from infancy to late
adulthood.

4. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development theory

5. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development theory

6. Erikson’s theory in Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1c1y-mm_io

7. Stage 1. Trust vs. Mistrust.
Baby up to 1.5 years
Baby (infant) basic needs are met
by parents.
If baby gets attention and love
then he/she will trust the world.
If baby is neglected and mistreated
a sense of mistrust will result.
Mistrust leads to frustration,
suspicion, withdrawal, and lack of
confidence
.

8. Stage 2. Autonomy vs. Shame.
Toddler. 1.5 – 3 years
.
The child (toddler ) learns about the
world around.
Parents’ patience and encouragement
helps foster autonomy in the child.
Toddler’s learns basic skills – to eat, to
dress, to maintain personal hygiene
Develops sense of autonomy – can do
things by himself.
If not encouraged or shamed or not
allowed to do things may develop lack of
self-confidence

9. Stage 3. Initiative vs. Guilt. Pres-
school: 3 - 5 years.
• The child develops more skills, but
not all goes to plan…
• The child wants to begin and
complete his own actions for a
purpose.
• Guilt is a confusing new emotion.

10. Stage 4. Industry vs. Inferiority.
Primary School. 5 – 12 years
Children become more
aware of themselves
Work hard at school to do
things right.
Stage critical for
development of self-
confidence
Parents and teachers must
provide positive
reinforcement.

11. Stage 5. Ego Identity vs. Role
Confusion. Teenagers: 15 – 18 years.
Transition into adulthood.
Finding who you are.
Fitting in with peers.
Experimentation can lead
to role confusion.

12. Stage 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation.
Young adulthood: 18 - 40 years
Forming intimate
relationships with others,
building family, having
children of one’s own.
Reciprocal relationships
Commitment, responsibility

13. Stage 7. Generativity vs.
Stagnation: 40 – 65 years
Seeks to contribute to the
development of the future
generations
◦ As a parent and grandparent
◦ As a member of the society
Selfish, self-centered people are
unable to contribute and may find
themselves lost and depressed.

14. Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs.
Despair: 65 – 100 plus…
Stage of contemplation.
Looking back into the past.
Living a meaningful life

15. Existential Question in
Adolescence
Who am I and what can
I be?

16. Adolescence: 13- 18 years
Marks the transition from childhood to
adulthood.
Bridge between childhood and
adulthood.

17. Changes in Adolescence:
becoming an adult
Biological
◦ Changes in body shape, appearance, and function: hormones kick
in...
Psychological
◦ Changes in the way of thinking about oneself and the ability to
think about the world.
Social
◦ How one relates to families, other young people and the outside
world.

18. Central concern during
adolescence
Search for Identity.
Identity Crisis: desire to fit in with peers;
denial of traditional values, search for purpose in
life…

19. Most important psychological
and psychosocial changes
Emergence of abstract thinking
The growing ability of absorbing the perspectives or
viewpoints of others
An increased ability of introspection
The development of personal and sexual identity
The establishment of system of values
Increasing autonomy from family and more personal
independence
Greater importance of peer relationships
Emergence of skills and coping strategies to overcome
problems and crises.

20. Primary Social Tasks
Adolescents must Accomplish
To standout: to develop an identity and pursue autonomy
To fit in: to find comfortable affiliations and gain acceptance
from peers.
To measure up: to develop competence and find ways to
achieve.
To take hold: to make commitments to particular goals,
activities, and beliefs.

21. Psychosocial Development in
Young adults
Interests broaden into community and world affairs.
Chooses, prepares for and practices a career.
Becomes independent of parents.
Adjusts to marriage or other intimate love relationship.
Childbearing and child rearing are major concerns of those who
have children.
Is continually adjusting to stress and satisfaction of work,
spouse, parents, and children.
Establishes a personal set of values and formulates a meaningful
philosophy of life.
Need for ability to cope with change.
Period of reaching psychosocial maturity.

22. Group Activity
http://padlet.com/rcdumale/wellness1