2. Pareto Diagram
A Pareto Chart, named after Vilfredo Pareto, is a type of
chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where
individual values are represented in descending order by
bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the line.
The left vertical axis is the frequency of occurrence, but it
can alternatively represent cost or another important unit
of measure. The right vertical axis is the cumulative
percentage of the total number of occurrences, total cost,
or total of the particular unit of measure. Because the
reasons are in decreasing order, the cumulative function is
a concave function.
3. When to Use Pareto Chart
When analysing data about the frequency of problems
or causes in a process.
When there are many problems or causes and you
want to focus on the most significant.
When analysing broad causes by looking at their
specific components.
When communicating with others about your data.
4. Procedure to Draw Pareto Chart
Decide appropriate measurement.
Decide what period of time the Pareto chart will cover: One
work cycle? One full day? A week?
Collect the data, recording the category each time.
Construct and label bars for each category. Place the tallest
at the far left, then the next tallest to its right and so on.
Calculate the percentage for each category: the subtotal for
that category divided by the total for all categories. Draw a
right vertical axis and label it with percentages. Be sure the
two scales match
Calculate and draw cumulative sums: Add the subtotals for
the first and second categories, and place a dot above the
second bar indicating that sum, and so on. Connect the
dots, starting at the top of the first bar.
5. Garbage In City
There are lot of ways due to which we come across
different garbages in the city like Mumbai.
Different garbages include Municipal Solid Waste ,
Industrial Solid Waste , Agricultural Waste and
Residues , Hazardous Waste , Nuclear Waste, waste
that people throw on roads (may be due to
unawareness of its disastrous effects or neglecting
them)
6. Symptoms
This types can be further divided in simpler daily waste
being produce like trash or garbage from households,
schools, offices, market places, restaurants and other
public places . They include everyday items like food
debris, used plastic bags, soda cans and plastic water
bottles etc.
Waste produced from health care facilities, such as
hospitals, clinics.
Wastes like empty pesticide containers, old silage wrap.
Glass, leather, textile, food, electronics, plastic are some
of the others.
Not to forget construction debris, scrap of old
automobiles.
7. Stratification of Symptoms
The BMC’s environment status report for 2011-12 pegs the waste generated
in Mumbai every day at 9,200 metric tonnes. So considering current
scenario, it might have cross 9,750 metric tonnes .
Source
Amount(metr
ic tonnes)
Cumulative
Frequency(CF)
% CF
Paper 2612.8 2612.8 28.4
Food Scraps 1278.8 3891.6 42.3
Yard Trimming 1232.8 5124.4 55.7
Plastic 1140.8 6265.2 68.1
Metal 828 7093.2 77.1
Rubber, Leather
, Textile
772.8 7866 85.5
Wood 588.8 8454.8 91.9
Glass 423.2 8878 96.5
Other 322 9200 100
9. Identification
From the pareto diagram we come to the conclusion
that symptoms accounting for 80% frequency of the
garbage the city has, are
1) Paper
2) Food Scrap
3) Yard Trimming
4) Plastic
5) Metal
10. Problem Statements Paper
In today’s electronic age, people are starting to consider going
paperless. But there’s still a long way to go before we lose our
dependence on this very important human product. To produce
paper takes twice the energy used to produce a plastic bag.
Everything takes energy to produce. Deforestation is the primary
effect of our mindless use of paper. Paper pollution is another effect
of paper waste and it’s a serious problem.
What can we do from your end to reduce paper pollution and waste?
1) Recycle all your paper waste.
2) In the office, reuse paper.
3) If we already have a scanned copy of a file, don’t print it anymore
unless really needed.
4) Use email instead of paper when communicating with clients and
customers.
5) Reduce the use of paper cups and disposable paper plates
11. Problem Statement
Food Scrap
Food waste or food loss is food that is discarded or lost
uneaten. The causes of food waste or loss are numerous, and occur
at the stages of production, processing, retailing and
consumption.
The impact of food waste is not just financial. Environmentally,
food waste leads to wasteful use of chemicals such as fertilizers
and pesticides; more fuel used for transportation; and more
rotting food, creating more methane – one of the most harmful
greenhouse gases that contributes to climate change. Methane is
23 times more potent than CO2 as a greenhouse gas. The vast
amount of food going to landfills makes a significant contribution
to global warming. Food loss and waste also amount to a major
squandering of resources, including water, land, energy, labour
and capital. So we have to control the food scrap garbage for
betterment of everyone.
12. Problem Statement
Plastic
Plastic pollution involves the accumulation of plastic products
in the environment that adversely affects wildlife, wildlife
habitat, or humans. Plastics that act as pollutants are categorized
into micro-, meso-, or macro debris, based on size. The
prominence of plastic pollution is correlated with plastics being
inexpensive and durable, which lends to high levels of plastics
used by humans. However, it is slow to degrade. Plastic pollution
can unfavourably affect lands, waterways and oceans. There are
three major forms of plastic that contribute to plastic
pollution: micro plastics as well as mega- and macro-plastics. It
is shocking to know that India occupies the 12th position among
192 coastal countries in its inability to manage plastic waste.
While plastics as a material by itself is not to be blamed, it is the
way we litter that causes the real problem. Plastic Garbage must
be stop. Plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap or
waste plastic and reprocessing the material into useful products,
sometimes completely different in form from their original state
13. Problem Statement
Yard Trimming
We live in a “throw away” society. It’s considered easy to get rid of
things we regard as useless or unhealthy by wrapping it up and
placing it in the garbage can. Nationwide, yard materials account for
nearly 20% of all garbage generated each year (Environmental
Protection Agency). Once this “useless” material is taken away to a
landfill, it really becomes useless. Enclosed in an oxygen-limited
environment, garbage degrades very slowly. This throw-away attitude
is also prevalent with yard materials. Grass is cut, raked, bagged, and
put out at the curb. Leaves are raked and bagged as well . Anyone who
has a yard knows that leaves, grass clippings, twigs and branches can
present a challenge. Leaves and yard trimmings can be harmful to
lakes and streams after washing into storm sewers, or they can be
used wisely to mulch gardens and planting beds. Therefore yard
trimming garbage should be properly decompose. Regular garbage
cans, Tied bundles, Kraft yard bags are some of the solutions for
maintaining this kind of waste.
14. Lesson Learn by the Team
From this we learn the benefits of Pareto diagram.
We also learn about the procedure to draw the pareto
diagram for different processes.
The condition of garbage in our city and the measures
we must take to make our world more beautiful than
before is the main message coming out through this.
