1.
Winter
the coldest season of the year,
in the northern hemisphere
from December to February
and in the southern
hemisphere from June to
August.

2.
What emotions are in
winter?
• Feeling hopeless or worthless.
• Losing interest in activities
previously enjoyed.
• Easily feeling agitated.
• Feeling sluggish, tiredness or low
energy.
• Social withdrawal.
• Anxiety.
• Difficulties concentrating.
What is the 7 elements of
weather?
• The basic atmospheric conditions
that make up the weather include
precipitation, humidity, temperature,
pressure, cloudiness, and wind. The
air is constantly in movement.
• The shorter days and longer nights,
cold air and low humidity, and the
quiet weather

3.
Heart diseases increase in winter
• The main risk factor is biological: The
cold causes blood vessels to
contract, which can raise blood
pressure, increasing the risk of
heart attack and stroke. Angina, or
chest pain due to coronary heart
disease, can also worsen in winter
when coronary arteries constrict in
the cold.

4.
Winter season and kidney problems
• Creatinine levels can increase due to shivering
if the patient lives in a cold climate. Therefore,
the patient must bypass cold polar
temperatures to be safe from the creatinine
increase.
• The risk of UTIs in winters increases due to
cold-induced dieresis which is your body's way
of preventing hypothermia by decreasing blood
flow to theskinand concentratingitaround the
organs tokeep themwarm…
• It's a fact that urinary symptoms do get worse
in the cold weather. As we tend to sweat less
and, as a result lose less fluid through
sweating, weproduce moreurineinstead

5.
General Problems
• cold weather can cause back pain because it
causes the muscles, tendons and ligaments
thatsupportthespineto tighten.
• Dry skin is a common problem during the
winter months, when the skin is exposed to
colder temperatures and lower levels of
moisture intheair.
• The process of eating and digesting food can
actually increase our body temperature
slightly, so it's natural that our body would
signal for us to eat more as a way to keep us
warm,

6.
Colds
A cold is the most common winter illness that keeps children home from school.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), adults have an
average of 2-3 colds per year, and children have even more. that typically lasts 7 to
10 days and can occur at any time of year.
Symptoms: Common cold symptoms usually show up within one to three days of
being exposed to the rhinovirus. Some of them include runny nose, congestion, sore
throat, cough, sneezing, mild headache and body pain, malaiseand low-gradefever.
Prevention: Stopping the virus from spreading is the best way of common cold
prevention. It is crucial to wash hands frequently and avoid contact with people who
have a cold. If one of the family members is sick, avoid sharing dishware and use a
disinfectant to clean surfaces like light switches and countertops inside the home.
Treatment: As there is no cure for the common cold, it is advisable to take
decongestants and take proper rest. Antibiotics don’t work against cold viruses and
aren’t recommended unless there’s a bacterial infection.

7.
RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
• RSV is an infection in the lungs and Respiratory
syncytial virus, also called human respiratory
syncytial virus and human orthopneumo virus,
is a common, contagious airborne virus that
causes infections of the respiratory tract. It is a
negative-sense, single-stranded RNAvirus.
• Symptoms: Cold-like symptoms with a
wheezing/whistle-like breathing that can cause
rapid breathing that might require
hospitalization.
• Treatment: There is no specific
treatment for RSV infection, though researchers
are working to develop vaccines and antivirals
(medicinesthatfightviruses).

8.
Norovirus
The norovirus is an infectious illness that can occur to people of all ages and at any
time of the year. However, it is more common in the winter.
The virus causes diarrhea and vomiting and is hence called the winter vomiting bug.
• Symptoms: The common symptoms of norovirus infection are nausea, vomiting,
diarrhoea, stomach pain, fever and chills.
• Prevention: There are no vaccines that can prevent the virus, but you can avoid it by
–
Followingproper hand and oral hygiene.
Eating thoroughly cooked food.
Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces in the home.
• Treatment: Norovirus infection can resolve within a few days without any treatment.
However, your doctor might prescribe over-the-counter anti-diarrheal medication.

9.
Influenza (Flu)
• Flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused
by influenza viruses that infect the nose,
throat, andsometimes thelungs
• Symptoms: Muscle aches, fever,
headache,fatigue, dry cough, runnynose, and
sore throat.
• Diagnostic tests available for detection of
influenza viruses in respiratory specimens
includemolecular assays
• Usually, you'll need nothing more than rest
and plenty of fluids to treat the flu. But if you
have a severe infection or are at higher risk
of complications, your health care provider
may prescribe an antiviral medication to
treat theflu.

10.
Pneumonia
• Pneumonia is a life-threatening disease in which viral and bacterial infections
(commonly the Streptococcus or pneumococcus bacteria) spread out in the alveoli or
tiny sacs of the lungs clogging them with fluids. Therefore, pneumonia causes shortness
of breath in individuals suffering from it. The germs that cause pneumonia can spread by
coughing,sneezingor touchinginfectedobjectsand thentouchingthe mouthor nose.
• Symptoms: Some of the symptoms associated with pneumonia are severe cough with
green phlegm, high fever accompanied with chills and headache, shortness of breath,
diarrhoea, thepurplecolouration of theskin, vomiting,sweating,and musclepain.
• Prevention: For the prevention of bacterial pneumonia, the PCV13 (Prevnar 13) and
PPSV23 (Pneumovax) shots may be given. Other than that, you can focus on general
health and hygiene standards, such as getting proper exercise, rest and diet to lower
therisks of gettingbacterialpneumonia.
• Treatment: The most common form of treatment is taking antibiotics. It is crucial to
finish the prescribed doses or else you can get sick again. In cases of severe or stubborn
pneumonia,oxygen treatment,IV fluids and medications aregiven.

11.
Acute Ear Infection
• An acute ear infection is a common winter ailment in which bacteria like Streptococcus
pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae cause inflammation and fluid build-up in the middle ear.
Other causes of acute ear infection are cold, smoking, sinus infection and changes in climatic
conditions.
• Symptoms: The symptoms of acute ear infection are severe pain, hearing loss, discomfort in the
ear, etc.
• Prevention: Ear infection of any type can be prevented by following the steps below.
Periodically cleaningthe ears by washingthem or through cotton swabs is essential.
Make sure to dry your ears completely after taking a shower or swimming.
Avoid smoking.
Ensure your vaccinesare up to date.
Manageallergies through medications.
Maintain general hygiene.
• Treatment: Usually, antibiotics are prescribed if the diseases caused by cold weather are due to
bacteria and not viruses. If the ear infection is accompanied by pain, your doctor may recommend
pain relievers like acetaminophen(Tylenol)or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin).

12.
Stomach Flu
• Aviralinfectionintheintestines(Viral
gastroenteritisisanintestinalinfection)thatcan
lastfor1to3days.
• Symptoms: Stomachpain,nausea,vomiting,
mildfever,fatigue,andwaterydiarrhea.usuallylast
justadayortwo,butoccasionallytheymaylastupto
14days.
Lifestyleandhomeremedies
• Let your stomach settle. Stop eating solid foods for a
fewhours.
• Try sucking on ice chips or taking small sips of water
often....
• Easebackintoeating....
• Avoid certain foods and substances until you feel
better....
• Getplentyofrest....
• Tryanti-diarrheamedications.

13.
Strep Throat
• A contagious bacterial infection thatcanlast
for 1 to 2 days. Strep can be easily and
quicklytreated withantibiotics.
• Symptoms: Sore throat, trouble
swallowing,feverandstomachache.A cough
and runny nose do not accompany strep
throat. However, a sandpaper-like rash can
develop, resulting in a diagnosis of scarlet
fever.
• Ifyou havestrep throat—whichiscausedby
bacteria—yourdoctormayprescribean
antibiotic, suchaspenicillin.Butstrep throat
goes awayonitsownin3 to7dayswithor
without antibiotics.

14.
Pollutants of major public health concern include particulate
matter, carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur
dioxide.

15.
Tips for Dealing with Winter Illnesses
• Be sure to keep nasal suctions, saline drops, humidifiers, pain relievers,
and vapor rubs handy. Sanitize doorknobs, toys and commonly used
surface areas to prevent germs from spreading.
• Fever: Administer acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin) based on
the dosage provided by your pediatrician.
• Nausea and vomiting: Try small doses of electrolytes like Pedialyte to
keep your child hydrated. Pay attention to how many times your child
urinates to determine if they are dehydrated.
• Stuffy nose and cough: Vaporizers can help your child sleep better at
night by loosening up the mucus in their lungs and nose. Vapor rubs and
saline drops can also alleviate symptoms.

16.
• Sore throat: A teaspoon of honey can help children over 12 months of age.
For older children, gargling warm salty water is a quick and easy remedy.
• Tips: Preventing Winter Illnesses
Reducing the risk of common winter illnesses always begins and ends with
washing hands frequently. When you’re on the go, sanitizing gels, tissues
and wipes are great to keep in your car or diaper bag. Also, teach children to
cough or sneeze in a tissue or the crook of their elbow early on to establish
healthy habits. Don’t forget to sanitize toys weekly with soapy water or
sanitizing spray. This is a good way to keep you and your family healthy all
winter long.