Hybrid Seed Production Technology of Maize

HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF MAIZE,[object Object],By:,[object Object],MOHAMMAD SAFAR ALIZADAH NOORI,[object Object]

Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],Family :Poaceae,[object Object],[object Object]

Maize is serving as staple food for vulnerable segment of the population and it rank first in importance as feed crop and also important source of raw material used in numerous industrial materials.,[object Object]

Flour corn: Flour soft maize as kernels , which are compose entirely of soft starch,[object Object],Pop corn: The grains unusually small pointed and contain an even higher per cent of hard starch than flint maize,[object Object],Pod maize: It is an unusual type of maize each kernel of which enclosed within the lemma and palea which are well develop,[object Object],Waxy maize: Waxy maize is so named because of the some what waxy appearance of the kernels,[object Object]

Floral biology,[object Object],The monoecious corn plant has female flowers that develop on the side of the plant and emerge from the leaf node. ,[object Object],The inflorescence is unisexual and monoecious.,[object Object],Staminateinflorescence is terminal and known as tassel and pistillate is axillary and called as cob,[object Object]

Anthesis and Pollination,[object Object],[object Object]

Pollen shedding begins 1-3 days before the silks emerge from the cob.

It is estimated that a normal tassel produces 2,50,00,000 pollen grains.

Pollen is viable for 12-18 hours. Silk remains receptive for 8-10 days.

Anthesis continues up to 2 weeks,[object Object]

Hybrid seed production ,[object Object],Hybrid seed of maize may generally be produced from following different cross combinations,[object Object],Single cross hybrid: (AXB),[object Object], e.g. DMH-2(CI-4 X KDMI-10),[object Object], NAH-2049(147-F2#89 X MAI-105),[object Object], (Nithyashree),[object Object],Double cross: (AXB) X (CXD),[object Object],e.g. Deccan (CM 104 x CM 105) x (CM 202 x CM 201) ,[object Object], Ganga-1 (CM 101 x CM 102) x (CM 200 x CM 202) ,[object Object],Three way cross: (AXB) X C,[object Object],e.g. Ganga -5 (CM 202 x CM 111) x CM 500,[object Object],Double top cross : (AXB) X Composite,[object Object],e.g. Ganga safed, Histarch, Ganga 4.,[object Object]

Factors affecting hybrid maize seed production,[object Object],[object Object]

Non-synchronization of flowering

Physiological maturity of the crop

Post harvest operation,[object Object]

Prolongation of effective flowering period, planting design, efficient alteration of rows planting ratio, staggered planting are some of measures which are effectively used to ensure maximum synchronization and good seed set.,[object Object]

Hybrid Seed Production Technology of Maize

Precautions to be taken while detasseling,[object Object],[object Object], the tassel in right hand and pull it in a single pull. ,[object Object],[object Object]

It should be uniform process done daily in the morning in a particular direction.,[object Object],[object Object], to the earning of source material to accumulate in sink (seed) as removal of one leaf course 1.5% loss 2 leaves 5.9% loss and three leaves 14% loss in yield.,[object Object],[object Object]

Mark the male rows with marker to avoid mistake in detasseling.

Look out for shedders (shedding tassel) in female rows as they may cause contamination.,[object Object]

Donot carry the tassel through the field as any fall of pollen may lead to contamination.

Donot practice, improper, immature and incomplete detasseling.

Improper detasseling: a portion of the tassel is remaining in the plant while detasseling.

Immature detasseling: carrying out detasseling work when the tassel is within the leaves.

Incomplete detasseling: the tassel is remaining in lower or unseen or unaccounted in within the whole of leaves.

Shedding tassel: either full or part of tassel remain in female line after detasseling and shedding pollen which may contaminate the genetic purity of the crop.,[object Object]

Harvest seed crop: the seed crop should be harvested when moisture content falls to 20-25% and harvest the male row first and remove from the field and then harvest the female rows. ,[object Object], Post harvest operation : ,[object Object],Cobs sorting: Remove sheath and check for kernel colour, shank colour , disease cobs, kernel arrangement etc.,[object Object],Shelling : moisture content 15 % and mechanical cob shellers and also manual rubbing against stone are used.,[object Object], Improper shelling leads to 48 % damage to kernel, growth of storage fungi and also pericarp damage, to identify the pericarp damage a crack on the pericarp and also by ferrichloride test or Tz test.,[object Object]

Seed production technology,[object Object]

Climate,[object Object],[object Object]

About 85% of the total acreage under maize is grown during monsoon because of the fact that the crop stops growing if the night temperature falls below 15.60 C or 600 F.

Maize crop needs more than 50% of its total water requirements in about 30 to 35 days after tasseling and inadequate soil moisture at seed filling stage results in a poor yield of shriveled seeds.

Hybrid Seed Production Technology of Maize

Hybrid Seed Production Technology of Maize

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Hybrid Seed Production Technology of Maize