1. Presented By
Sadam Hussain
Roll No: F16TEO5
Assigned By: Sir Shamshad Ali
Topics: Gravitational Force and Frictional
force
Department: Textile Engineering

2. A push or a pull on an object in a particular
direction.
What is a Force ?

3.  Does not require contact:
NON-CONTACT FORCES
Force through
CONTACT
Virtually all actions
require a… Magnetic
Gravity:
Forces are measured in
NEWTONS

4. An attractive force that exists between
all objects that have mass.
This force is dependent on mass and
distance from the object.
Gravity

6. • Gravitation is an Natural Phenomenon by physical
bodies attract to each other.
• Newton focused on his attention on the motion of
the moon about the earth.
• He declared that the laws of nature that operating
between earth and the apple is same as the laws
operating between earth and moon.
• He calculated the acceleration due to gravitation
(on earth) to be 9.8m/s2 .
• Newton predicted that a ∝
1
𝑟2

7. • Also,
• F ∝
𝑚
𝑟2
• By , The third law of motion, the force on a body due to the
earth must be equal to the force on the earth due to the body.
Therefore, this force should also be proportional to the mass of
the earth. Thus , the Force between the earth and a body is
• F ∝
𝑀𝑚
𝑟2
• F=
𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝑟2
• G is called the universal constant of gravitation
and its value is found to be 6.67x10-11 N-m2
/kg2 .

8.  The rotation of the earth around the sun or that of the
moon around earth is explained on the basis of this law.
 The tide are formed in ocean due to the gravitational
force of attraction between earth and the moon.
 The value of g can be used to predict the orbits and
time
period of an satellite.
Attraction Force between two bodies

10. Friction is the force that resists the movement of a surface
over another surface during sliding. When the textile materials
are processed, then friction is developed between the fibers.
The properties which are shown by a textile material during
friction is known as frictional property. This properties are
shown during processing. Too high friction and too low friction
is not good for yarn. Therefore it is an important property
when yarn manufacturing and processing.
Introduction

12. The force that must be overcome in order to start sliding
is called static friction.
The force that resists continued sliding is known as
kinetic friction.
There are two types of friction
Static Friction
Kinetic Friction

13. The behavior of fiber during drafting.
The frictional force holds together the fiber in yarn, i.e, frictional
force helps to spun the fiber to yarn.
In Fiber Stage

14. • If the frictional force is too low, yarn strength will be
low.
• Friction increases the luster and smoothness of yarn.
• Friction makes more clean yarn.
• Friction increases hairiness.
• Friction occurs nep formation
In Yarn Stage

16. • Fabric feelings varied for difference between static and kinetic friction.
• Fabric will be slippery if µs >µk is high. Fabric will be harsh if µs >µk is
low.
Here, µs= Co- efficient of static friction, µk= Co-efficient of kinetic friction.
• If the frictional force is high the handle properties of fabric quality will be
low.
• High static friction causes high breakage of yarn in weaving.
In Fabric Stage

18. 1.Friction holds the fibre in a sliver and hence material does not break due
to self weight.
2.Friction helps in drafting and drawing process.
3.Uniform tension can be maintained in winding and warping because of
friction.
4.Friction helps in twisting during spinning.
5.Friction modifies the luster and appearance of a cloth.
6.Friction makes more clean yarn.