The document discusses several topics related to policing including: 1) The differences between police academy training and field training, with academies focusing on legal aspects and field training helping recruits apply their knowledge on the streets. 2) The purposes of police patrol, which are to deter crime, maintain order and security, and provide non-crime services. 3) The use of DNA fingerprinting in solving crimes, where a suspect's DNA can be matched to a crime scene with accuracy as high as 30 billion to one.

1. CH L NGE
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2.  Basic Requirements
◦ Educational Requirements
◦ Training
 Academy Training
 In the Field Training

3.  Identify the differences between the police
academy and field training as learning tools for
recruits.

4. Police Academy: Field Training:
◦ Laws of arrest, search, ◦ The field training officer
seizure, and interrogation (FTO) helps the rookie
◦ Weapons use apply what s/he has
◦ Crime scene preservation learned “in the streets.”
◦ Witness interviewing
◦ First aid
◦ Self-defense

5.  Explain the benefits of a culturally diverse police
force.

6.  Benefits of a culturally diverse police force
include:
◦ Improved community relations
◦ Higher levels of service

7.  Women in Policing
 Legal Discrimination

9.  List the three primary purposes of police patrol.

10.  Police on Patrol
 The Purpose of Patrol
◦ To deter crime by maintaining a visible presence
◦ To maintain public order and a sense of security
◦ To provide services that are not crime-related

11. Routine patrol activities can be categorized
into four areas:
◦ Preventive patrol
◦ Calls for service
◦ Administrative duties
◦ Officer-initiated activities

12.  Aggressive Investigation Strategies
 Clearance Rates and Cold Cases
◦ More than 80 percent of large-city police departments
have cold case squads dedicated to unsolved crimes

13.  Forensic Investigations and DNA – the use of
science and technology to investigate crimes
◦ Crime Scene Forensics
 For more than a century the most important
piece of trace evidence has been the human
fingerprint

14.  Describe how forensic experts use DNA
fingerprinting to solve crimes.

15.  DNA fingerprinting uses a suspect’s DNA to match
the suspect to a crime
 Emerged in the mid-1990s
 A match can be as conclusive as 30 billion to one

17.  Questions:
◦ Was there anything clarified for you in the video that you
had a misconception about based on a primetime
television show?
◦ Reflect on how fingerprint technology has revolutionized
the criminal justice system and investigative abilities of
law enforcement officers.

19.  Questions:
◦ How would the mass application of the types of
technology shown in the video change the criminal
justice system?
◦ Are there any foreseeable disadvantages to the use of
these types of technologies?

20.  Response Time to 911 Calls
 Patrol Strategies
◦ Testing General Patrol Theories in Kansas City
◦ “Hot Spots” and Crime Mapping
 Arrest Strategies
◦ The Broken Windows Effect
◦ Supporters and Critics

21.  Explain community policing and its contribution to
the concept of problem-oriented policing.

22.  Community policing is a philosophy that
emphasizes community support for and
cooperation with the police in preventing crime.
◦ Less centralized
◦ Proactive

23. Problem-Oriented Policing:
• A key component of community policing
• Moves beyond simply responding to incidents and
attempts instead to control or even solve the root causes
of criminal behavior
• Two important aspects of problem-solving policing are
“hot spots” and crime mapping

24. Police Subculture - the values and perceptions
that are shared by members of a police
department; these values permeate agencies
and are taught to new officers through a process
of socialization.
 The Core Values of Police Subculture
 Police Cynicism

25.  The Physical Dangers of Police Work
 The Stress of Police Work

26.  Determine when police officers are justified in
using deadly force.

27.  The “Misuse” of Force
◦ Occurs in only 1.6% of police-public encounters
 Types of Force
◦ Reasonable force – the degree of force that is
appropriate to protect the police officer or other citizens
and is not excessive
◦ Deadly force – force applied by a police officer that is
likely or intended to cause death

29. The United States Supreme Court and
Use of Force:
Tennessee v. Garner (1985)
Graham v. Conner (1989)

30.  Identify the three traditional forms of police
corruption.

31.  Types of corruption:
◦ Bribery
◦ Shakedowns
◦ Mooching

32.  Explain what an ethical dilemma is, and name four
categories of ethical dilemmas typically facing a
police officer.

33. Ethical dilemmas are defined as a situation
in which law enforcement officers:
• Do not know the right course of action
• Have difficulty doing what they consider to be right;
and/or
• Find the wrong choice very tempting

34. Four categories of ethical dilemmas:
 Discretion
 Duty
 Honesty
 Loyalty