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Lesi Pra Kanker (wecompress.com).ppt

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Lesi Pra Kanker (wecompress.com).ppt

  1. 1. LESI PRAKANKER SERVIKS Hotma Partogi Pasaribu
  2. 2. Lesi Pra Kanker Serviks (Mulut Rahim) • Istilah lain : Displasia • Biasanya tanpa keluhan • Diagnosis dengan menggunakan pap smear • Merupakan suatu perjalanan sel mulut rahim sebelum menjadi ganas (kanker serviks) • Berbeda dengan kanker serviks • Kesembuhan baik
  3. 3. NATURAL HISTORY CERVICAL CANCER NORMAL CIN I CIN II CIN III STAGE 0 INVASIVE PRA - CANCER CANCER 15 % 30 % 45 % 40 % 20 % Low grade SIL High grade SIL IDENTIFIED by METHODE VIA Infeksi HPV Kronis
  4. 4. Perkembangan Terminologi Hasil Tes Pap  1943 Papanicolaou  1953 Displasia - Karsinoma Insitu (Reagan)  1967 Neoplasia Intraepitel Serviks (Richart RM)  1988 The Bethesda System  1990 Modifikasi Neoplasia Intraepitel Serviks  1990 British Society for Clinical Cytology  1991 The Bethesda System  2001 The Bethesda System
  5. 5. Kelas I : Tidak ditemukan sel atipik atau sel abnormal Kelas II : Sitologi atipik tetapi tidak ditemukan keganasan Kelas III : Sitologi sugestif tetapi tidak konklusif keganasan Kelas IV : Sitologi sangat sugestif keganasan Kelas V : Sitologi konklusif keganasan KLASIFIKASI PAPANICOLAOU
  6. 6. Klasifikasi Papanicolaou Sistem ini telah banyak ditinggalkan,karena: • Tidak mencerminkan pengertian neoplasia serviks/ vagina • Tidak mempunyai padanan dengan terminologi histopatologi • Tidak mencantumkan diagnosis non kanker • Tidak menggambarkan interpretasi yang seragam • Tidak menunjukan suatu pernyataan diagnosis
  7. 7. Sistem Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia NIS / CIN 1 sesuai displasia ringan NIS / CIN 2 sesuai displasia sedang NIS / CIN 3 sesuai displasia berat dan karsinoma insitu
  8. 8. Lesi Pra-Kanker Serviks (Bacaan Sistem Bethesda) • Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) : - CIN I - HPV Infection • High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) - CIN II - CIN III - Ca In situ
  9. 9. Bethesda System
  10. 10. Padanan dari klasifikasi Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V Normal Inflam Mild Mod Sev CIS Cancer D y s p l a s i a Normal Atypia CIN I CIN II CIN III Cancer K o i l o c y t o s i s WNL Benign Cellular Changes AS CUS LGSIL HGSIL HGSIL Carcinoma NEGATIF AS CUS LGSIL HGSIL HGSIL Carcinoma
  11. 11. Serviks Normal
  12. 12. Lesi Pra Kanker Serviks
  13. 13. Diagnosis Lesi Prakanker • Inspeksi visual dengan asam asetat (IVA) Pemeriksaan paling sederhana Dilakukan di daerah tanpa fasilitas pap smear • Pap smear :  Dilakukan pada setiap wanita yang sudah menikah (paling lambat 3 tahun)  Dilakukan 1x/tahun atau sesuai hasil • Tes HPV (Hybrid Capture II)  Bila hasil pap smear ASCUS  atau bila px menghendaki • Kolposkopi  Semua pap smear abnormal harus dilakukan kolposkopi
  14. 14. I V A (Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat) Sankaranarayanan dkk (Thailand) Efektif, aman, praktis, murah Tidak invasif Oleh dokter – bidan - paramedis
  15. 15. Tes IVA Cara pemeriksaan untuk Tes IVA : • Pasien dalam posisi litotomi. • Spekulum dipasang. • Serviks ditampakkan dan dibersihkan dari lendir. • Serviks dibasahi permukaannya dengan asam asetat 5%, selanjutnya diamati dengan penerangan lampu 100 watt. • Setelah 1-2 menit dilihat perubahan yang terjadi pada serviks: Hasil : - Negatif  gambaran putih – - Positif  gambaran putih +
  16. 16. Gambaran Visual dengan Aplikasi Asam Asetat pada Lesi Prakanker Sebelum pemberian asam asetat Setelah pemberian asam asetat
  17. 17. Alur Penatalaksanan Kasus dengan IVA Positif IVA Positif Biopsi terarah- PA Kolposkopi Lesi Positif Lesi Negatif Pemeriksaan rutin
  18. 18. Gambar Lesi Pra Kanker Low grade SIL Low grade SIL
  19. 19. Gambar Lesi Pra Kanker High grade SIL High Grade SIL
  20. 20. Low grade SIL High Grade SIL
  21. 21. Low grade SIL Kanker Invasif
  22. 22. Pemeriksaan Biopsi Dilakukan bila dijumpai mass/benjolan di serviks
  23. 23. MANAGEMENT
  24. 24. Management of ASCUS • ASCUS may be managed by referral to immediate colposcopy, by repeat Pap smear, or by HPV testing. • Reflex HPV testing when ASCUS is derived from liquid based cytology has advantage – ASCUS (+) & HPV +  Colposcopy – ASCUS (+) & HPV -  Repeat Pap test 12 mos
  25. 25. ASCUS MANAGEMENT
  26. 26. Management of Screen Positives • Initial management of all other Pap abnormalities is by immediate referral to colposcopy • Finding of atypical squamous cells cannot rule out high-grade (ASC-H), atypical glandular cells (AGC), LGSIL, and high- grade intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL)
  27. 27. Pengobatan Tahap Pra Kanker • Pengobatan pada tahap pra kanker memberikan hasil yang sangat memuaskan (Oleh karena itu penting melakukan deteksi dini) • LSIL (CIN I) : Masih bisa dilakukan hanya pengamatan ulang Pengamatan  pap smear ulang 6 bulan Krioterapi/Kauter / LEEP • HSIL (CIN II – III) : Harus dilakukan tindakan Cauter / LEEP Konisasi(pengambilan sebagian cervix dg pisau) Histerektomi (Bila usia cukup dan anak cukup)
  28. 28. LSIL MANAGEMENT
  29. 29. HSIL • Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 and 3 are managed in the same way because histologic distinction between the two grades of CIN is poorly reproducible • High risk of progression of both CIN 2 and 3  prompt treatment is recommended • The exceptions to this are pregnant women, who should undergo an excisional procedure only if invasive disease is suspected,
  30. 30. The Fact of CIN 2,3 • For CIN 2 lesions, it appears that 40 to 58 percent of lesions will regress if left untreated, while 22 percent progress to CIN 3 and 5 percent progress to invasive cancer • For CIN 3, the estimated spontaneous regression rate is 32 to 47 percent, with 12 to 40 percent progressing to invasive cancer if untreated Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113(1):18. Br J Cancer. 2003;89(6):1062. Br J Cancer. 2003;89(6):1062.
  31. 31. HSIL MANAGEMENT
  32. 32. ABNORMAL SMEAR IN PREGNANT WOMEN • Pregnant women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN 1) should not undergo cervical excision or ablation • The patient should be reevaluated six weeks postpartum and managed based on those results
  33. 33. ABNORMAL SMEAR IN PREGNANT WOMEN • A diagnostic excisional procedure is performed only if invasive disease is suspected • For pregnant women with CIN 2,3, if invasive disease is not suspected – Follow up
  34. 34. Follow up of HSIL in Pregnant Women • Repeat evaluation with cytology and colposcopy during the pregnancy, but not more often than every 12 weeks • Alternatively, reevaluation may be deferred until six weeks postpartum
  35. 35. Hysterectomy • Hysterectomy is not a first line treatment for CIN. • Hysterectomy is a reasonable option only for women with CIN 2,3 who have a positive conization margin, who have completed childbearing
  36. 36. Krioterapi
  37. 37. LEEP
  38. 38. LEEP
  39. 39. KONISASI
  40. 40. Terima Kasih

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