Abhaya 4 Slintec Jan08 Part2
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Mobile communications: present and future (Part 2) By Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena MSc PhD CEng MIET MIEEE Delivered on 22 January 2009 @ SLINTEC
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Abhaya 4 Slintec Jan08 Part2
- 1. Mobile communications: present and future (Part- II) Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena MSc PhD CEng MIET MIEEE 22 January 2009 Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena
- 2. Introduction to HSDPA Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena
- 3. What is HSDPA ? Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena
- 4. Overview 3GPP WCDMA Evolution UL = Uplink DL =Downlink DL: 100 mbps UL: 50 mbps LTE Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena
- 6. Some Basics Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena
- 7. Paths for packet and voice calls Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena HSDPA is only about data!
- 8. Downlink in R’99 & HSDPA Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena
- 9. R’99 & HSDPA channel usage R’99 uses dedicates the channels to user Node B Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena HSDPA shares the channel
- 10. Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena ≈ SR signal strength Variable channel conditions signal quality Real time measurement for a stationary mobile Current solution = power control
- 12. Modulation 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 QPSK modulator QAM modulator QAM symbols QPSK symbols bit stream from data service Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
- 13. Coding 0 1 0 1 bit stream (4 bits) ½ rate Encoder 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Encoded bits (8 bits) Require higher bandwidth 0 1 0 1 bit stream (4 bits) 1/3 rate Encoder 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Encoded bits (12 bits) Require higher bandwidth 0 1 0 1 amount of redundancy increases Coding gain increases Bandwidth increases Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena
- 14. Coverage and Capacity 3.6 Mbps 1.8 Mbps 500 kbps QAM 3/4 coding QAM 1/2 coding QPSK 1/2 coding Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena
- 15. Short frame adapts faster & reduces delay 10 ms 10 ms Longer frame in R’99 Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena Node B 2 ms 2 ms Short TTI (2 ms) in HSDPA Reduced round trip delay
- 16. Adaptation based on the Channel Quality Reporting HSDPA Modulation/coding According to proposed CQI CQI information (every 2ms…..160ms) UE No of codes 1.44 mbps 1.44 mbps 1.6 mbps 1.6/2.8 mbps 1.6/2.24 mbps 1.6/2.56 mbps 1.6/2.88 mbps 1.6/3.2 mbps 1.6/3.36 mbps 1.6/3.36 mbps 1.6/3.36 mbps Throughput Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena Node B
- 17. UE Capabilities 1.2Mbps class 7 Mbps class 3.6 Mbps class 10 Mbps class Released/soon to be released HSDPA handsets. CAT 12 (2Mbps) : LGE U830 CAT 6 (3.6Mbps): Moto V3xx; LGE U970; Nokia N95; Nokia 6120; Classic, HUAWEI E220;USB Modem,SEM W910 Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena
- 18. What do the operators have to do ? Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena
- 20. What is there for the user ? Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena
- 22. End User Experience Impact of HSDPA’s High Data rates Source: Qualcomm Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena
- 23. HSDPA Success story Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena
- 25. Future Directions Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena
- 27. Regulatory aspects Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena
- 29. Thank you! (please send your feedback abhaya@theiet.org) Dr. Abhaya Sumanasena
Notas do Editor
- HSDPA is a part of well defined roadmap supported by the majority of mobile phone operators (WCDMA downlink evolution HSDPA – High Speed Downlink Packet Access) 3G in 2001 HSPA in 2005
- is part of 3GPP/UTRAN-FDD Release 5 WCDMA specifications.
- Link budget R’99 solution power control -4 to -14= 10 times
- Adaptation of tx parameters to radio conditions and UE capability Link adaptation every TTI 2ms
- Converts coded bits to channel compatible symbols Key Characteristics Sensitivity Bandwidth efficiency Envelope characteristics Complexity Power Efficiency QPSK > 4 Modulation phases for the carrier 16 QAM > 16 phase/amplitude combinations for the carrier
- Ch Coding Adds redundancy Detect and correct the errors when Txed over the air interface
- Fast scheduling based on CQI UE reported value how much data the UE can receive with a BLER of 10% A UE is a member of one of 12 categories, as a function of its hardware capabilities. Each category represents different values of the following parameters: Number of simultaneous HS-PDSCH codes (5, 10, or 15) Maximum transport block size Inter-TTI interval – minimum time between consecutive assignments. Incremental redundancy buffer size – used to soft-combine symbols from retransmissions.
- All Release’99 transport channels presented earlier in this document are terminated at the RNC. Hence, the retransmission procedure for the packet data is located in the serving RNC, which also handles the connection for the particular user to the core network. With the introduction of HS-DSCH, additional intelligence in the form of an HSDPA Medium Access Control (MAC) layer is installed in the Node B. This way, retransmissions can be controlled directly by the Node B, leading to faster retransmission and thus shorter delay with packet data operation when retransmissions are needed. With HSDPA, the Iub interface between Node B and RNC requires a flow control mechanism to ensure that Node B buffers are used properly and that there is no data loss due to Node B buffer overflow. Although there is a new MAC functionality added in the Node B, the RNC still retains the Release’99/Release 4 functionalities of the Radio Link Control (RLC), such as taking care of the retransmission in case the HS-DSCH transmission from the Node N would fail after, for instance, exceeding the maximum number of physical layer retransmissions. The key functionality of the new Node B MAC functionality (MAC-hs) is to handle the Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) functionality and scheduling as well as priority handling. Ciphering is done in any case in the RLC layer to ensure that the ciphering mask stays identical for each retransmission to enable physical layer combining of retransmissions. Similar to Node B a new MAC entity, MAC-hs is added in the UE architecture. The functionality of the MAC-hs is same as on the Node B side. The Node B scheduler is responsible for deciding how to allocate the available HSDPA channels and transmit power among users. The standard puts no requirements on this algorithm, leaving it entirely implementation dependent. Some possible schemes: Round Robin – Each user is allocated the channel in a fixed rotation. The scheme could be simple, or modified to account for CQI and/or user priorities. Proportional Fair – Each user sees a throughput proportional to the peak rate that its link can sustain.
- 3 has already completed a rollout to give more than 95 per cent of the UK's population access to 3.6Mb/s HSDPA. It hopes to raise that speed to 7.2Mb/s by 2010 – the same time that the big cities get 14.4Mb/s HSDPA and 5.7Mb/s HSUPA
- HSPA soon will reach its limits due to the spectrum efficiency Revenue and traffic is no longer coupled. traffic increases (revenue per MB goes down but Data revenues MEUR increases) In the past coverage and capacity and devices. In the future: economy and cost HSPA+ gives peak rates only for a small part of the cell.
- Modems IMT-Advanced- concept from the ITU for mobile communication systems with capabilities which go further than that of IMT-2000 ITU-R has invited submission of candidate Radio Interface Technologies (RITs) for IMT-Advanced. Gbps
- As market economics have been more widely used across other areas of our economy there has been increasing interest in utilising a market in radio spectrum to deliver greater economic benefits reforms introduced in the UK in the last few years in the form of spectrum trading Radio spectrum =properties to land – both a finite resources, with some areas that are highly desirable and as a result congested, and others that are less so. Imagine, then, that you could only buy your house from the Government, that you had to return it after 20 years and that you had no rights to sell it to anyone else, to rent it, or to change it in any manner. Regulators have been on a journey to liberalise spectrum management for many years.