The document summarizes key data and developments regarding progress towards achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries. It notes that 42 OIC countries have submitted Voluntary National Reviews of their SDG implementation between 2016-2019. It also provides data on OIC countries' scores on the SDG Index, Human Capital Index, levels of financial inclusion, and economic growth rates, finding mixed progress across countries but with most having work still to do to achieve the 2030 targets.
OIC Countries Progress on SDGs: Data, Finance and Implementation
1. SDGs in OIC Countries:
Data, Finance and Implementation
1
@wbg2030
worldbank.org/sdgs
Durham University
22 July 2019
Mahmoud Mohieldin
Senior Vice President
World Bank Group
2. 1. Global Megatrends
2. From the MDGs to the SDGs
3. Developments in the OIC
4. Achieving the SDGs
5. Islamic finance and the SDGs
6. Business and Society
Table of contents
2
3. Shifts in the global
economy
Climate Change
Urbanization
Demographic
Transitions
Renewed debate
about globalization
Technological changes
Fragility
and violence
Market volatility
and commodity cycles
Opportunities and
Challenges
Source: Forward Look 2016
1. Megatrends
3
4. MDGs (2000-2015) SDGs (2016-2030)
Goals 8 17
Targets 21 169
Indicators 60 ~230
Priority Areas Human Development Holistic: Economic, Social, Environmental
Scope Developing Countries Universal
2. The global development agenda: The MDGs to the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs)
4
5. ENSURE STRONG GOVERNMENT INVOLVMENT
INCREASE EFFICIENT ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES
LOCALIZE IMPLEMENTATION
IDENTIFY INTERRELATEDNESS OF GOALS AT ONSET
IMPROVE POLICY COORDINATION
INCREASE CROSS-INSTITUTIONAL COLLABORATION
PROMOTE QUALITY DATA (2000-2015)
(2016-2030)
5
2. From MDGs to SDGs: Lessons Learned
14. Invest in
resilience (incl.
social protection)
Invest in
infrastructure
Invest in
human capital
Enablers
Achieving the SDGs
Finance Data Implementation
3. Leveraging the potential of disruptive changes requires a comprehensive
policy framework
14
15. "Human capital" – the potential of individuals – is going to be the most
important long-term investment any country can make for its people’s future,
prosperity and quality of life
4. Invest in Human Capital
15
Human
Capital:
Main
indicators
Survival – Will
kids born today
survive to
school age?
Health – Will kids
leave school in good
health and be ready
for further learning
and/or work?
School – How
much school will
they complete and
how much will
they learn?
Human
Capital
Project:
Main
Objectives
Build demand for more and better
investments in people
Improve how we measure human
capital
Help countries strengthen HC strategies &
investments for rapid improvements in
outcomes
16. Resilience is the ability to manage the
wide range of shocks and stresses which
may occur:
• Natural
• Technological, or
• Socioeconomic
Examples of investments include:
• Expansion of social protection coverage while
giving priority to the poorest people
• Strengthening of all aspects of climate and
disaster resilient development, including
coordinating institutions, risk identification
and reduction, preparedness, financial and
social protection, and resilient reconstruction
4. Invest in Resilience
16
18. In low income countries, only 12 percent of people use the internet, but usage is growing.
4. Invest in Digital Infrastructure
18
19. EFFECTIVE
IMPLEMENTATION
ADEQUATE DATA
Provide integrated
solutions and work
across
sectors/ministries
Ensure availability of
household budget
surveys in 78 poorest
countries every three
years; data revolution;
statistical capacity
building
BETTER
FINANCING
Domestic resource
mobilization; leveraging
private sector;
addressing needs of
regional and global
public goods
4. What will the SDGs require?
Data, finance and implementation
19
20. Japan as an example:
Japan’s goals are interlinked to SDG 1
4. The SDGs are interlinked
Data is critical to understanding those relationships
20
21. 0
5
10
15
20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Seventy-eight of 169 SDG targets describe
potentially assessable outcomes for Canada
Quantified SDG target Canadian national target
Proxy target Not able to assess
Source: “Counting who gets Left Behind” Brookings report, 2018
4. Data availability is a universal challenge
21
22. To meet the investment needs of the SDGs, the global
community needs a paradigm shift - move the
discussion from “billions” in ODA to the “trillions” in
investments of all kinds
Achieving the SDGs will require the best possible use
of each available grant dollar, beginning with ODA
from governments and philanthropy, remittances,
South-South flows, other ODA, and FDI
To reach the needed trillions, additional flows must
come from two main pillars: public domestic resources
and private sector finance
2017
2017
712
440200
Source: World Investment Report, UNCTAD, 2018, https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2018_en.pdf
4. Financing the SDGs
22
23. 23
• In 2030, EMEs would need to spend 4% of GDP ($2.1 trillion) more than they did in
2016, while LIDCs would need to spend 15.4% more ($0.5 trillion)
• Most EMEs would be able to finance the additional spending on SDGs by mobilizing
their own resources
• However, the shortfall for LIDCs will be very large, as their fiscal space is limited
• LIDCs would have to rely on alternative sources of funding, mostly beyond their
direct control: private financing, philanthropy, and—critically—advanced economies
delivering on their official ODA targets
4. Financing the SDGs will need to come from multiple sources
24. 1. Preschool education
2. Primary and secondary school
3. Health care
4. Social assistance and poverty alleviation
5. Public order and civil protection
6. Infrastructure and public services
7. Environment protection
8. Social, cultural, recreational expenditures
9. Local economic development
10. Social housing
11. Urban development
12. Civil security
13. Transfer to sub-local government entities
14. Subsidies, grants, equity, in-kind)
15. Loan repayment
16. Interest charges
17. Guarantees called (paid by the municipality)
1. Property tax (rates) on land and/or buildings
2. Tax on the transfer of immovable property
3. Tax on motor vehicles
4. Local sales tax and/or tax on the sale of local products (or surcharge)
5. Tax on local businesses and services
6. Tax on electricity consumption (surcharge)
7. Tax on nonmotorized vehicles
8. Tax on tourism, hotels, restaurants, and entertainment
9. Tolls on roads, bridges, etc., within the limits of the local government
10.Charges for public works and public utilities such as waste collection, drainage, sewerage, and
water supply
11.Charges for markets and rents for market stalls
12.Charges for the use of bus stations and taxi parks
13.Fees for approval of building plans and erection and re-erection of buildings
14.Fees for fairs, agricultural shows, industrial exhibitions, tournaments, and other public events
15.Fees for licensing of businesses, professions, and vocations
16.Fees for other licenses or permits and penalties or fines for violations
17.Fees for advertisement
18.Fees on sales of animals in cattle markets
19.Fees for registration and certification of births, marriages, and deaths
20.Fees for education and health facilities established or maintained by the local government
21.Fees for other specific services rendered by the local government
22.Rent from land, buildings, equipment, machinery, and vehicles
23.Surpluses from local commercial enterprises
24.Interest on bank deposits or other funds
Expenses Revenues
4. Sample municipal budget
24
25. U.K. Midlands:
Successful locally owned businesses help
develop local markets, create
innovation, success and redistribution in
a self-reinforcing cycle
Tunisia:
E-government services and portal
stimulates citizen engagement
and policy discussions
Big Data Hackathon (2017)
encourages start-ups and
institutions to make Big Data
innovations
Ghana:
MasterCard and IFC use big
data to promote access to
financial services for the
poor
Indonesia:
A program is being implemented to
enhance the capacity of local
governments to improve efficiency
and effectiveness of local public
spending. Also implemented the
PNPM program: community driven
development
Kenya:
Open data initiative makes
government data available to
the public E-government
portal facilitates ‘one stop
shop’ for citizens
Egypt:
Government services
development program
provides speedy delivery on
such as education enrolment
and legal services
Colombia:
4. Localization and Implementation
25
26. 1. Sequencing implementation of goals within context of national priorities
2. Working in partnership to determine national development strategy
3. Coordination within governments; across and within ministries
4. Securing enough financial resources and efficiently allocating them
5. Data availability and institutional capacity
6. Localization and implementation of the goals at the local level
7. Incorporating and mainstreaming gender
8. Integrating action on climate change
4. High-Level Political Forum
Countries’ Most Frequently Identified Priority Areas
26
30. Source: Naveed, Sukuk: Asset Securitization Based on Shari’a Principles, 2015
5. Can sukuk be used for infrastructure investment?
30
31. 1
• Asset–backed nature of sukuk
2
• The link between underlying asset`s revenue and sukuk investor`s return
3
• Infrastructure financing is a leading reason for sukuk issuance
4
• Sukuk enables risk-sharing in high-risk development projects
5
• Sukuk offers flexible structures for different phases of development projects
6
• Sukuk might enhance Public-Private Partnership structures
7
• A wider investor base for Sukuk
5. Sukuk: A viable instrument for development finance
31
32. Usage Example
Fiscal support Sudan: Over $100 million of Sukuk issued in 2012 to raise funds for the government
Liquidity
management
Bahrain, Gambia and Brunei: Short-term Sukuk as tools of liquidity management
Education
Osun State, Nigeria: Local currency, sub-sovereign Sukuk issue ($62 million
equivalent) for the construction and rehabilitation of 24 schools in 2013
Health
World Bank: Global Sukuk for $500 million raised by International Financial Facility
for Immunization to fund the supply of vaccines to some of the world’s poorest
nations in 2014
Infrastructure
Saudi Arabia: Global Sukuk for $1.7 billion to finance electricity projects in 2010.
Malaysia: Global Sukuk for $300 million to finance the Klang Valley Rapid Mass Transit
Project
Environment
Malaysia: The World’s first green sukuk launched in 2017 to finance sustainable,
climate-resilient growth
5. Role of Sukuk in financing sustainable development
32
33. SDG Bonds
IFC’s Social
Bond Program
Equity-linked bonds that link returns
to the performance of companies
advancing global development
priorities
Some instruments are structured in a manner that may be compliant with Islamic
finance. World Bank Group examples include:
5. Examples from “conventional instruments”
Source: World Bank Group Treasury, Press Release from 03/09/2017 33
34. Source: World Bank Group Treasury, Press Release from 03/09/2017
The index composition follows a 3-step methodology to
select companies from the overall investment universe
(developed country companies assessed by VigeoEiris):
50 Companies (rebalanced annually)
5. Equity-Index linked bonds
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Exclusion of companies
Selection of companies contributing to the SDGs
Final selection based on sustainability for equity index investing
Exclusion of companies
+ with a VigeoEiris ESG score below the regional
average
+ involved in alcohol, armament, gambling, nuclear,
pornography or tobacco, or in critical controversies
about the environment, human and labour rights
+ that are part of the most intensive carbon emitters
unless they have a robust energy transition strategy
Selection of companies contributing to the SDGs
+ a significant part of their activity dedicated to
sustainable products
+ or a leading sustainable behaviour in their sector
Final selection based on suitability for equity index
investing
+ liquidity filter (Average Daily Volume for1 and 6
months above 10 million USD or EUR)
+ low volatility filter (The 50 stocks with lowest
volatility meeting diversification constraints)
+ geographical and sectorial diversification (max.
25% stocks from the same sector; min. 10% and max.
50% stocks from the same region - Europe, America,
Asia)
+ equally-weighted
+ volatility control (10% volatility cap for USD; 8% for
EUR)
+ adjustment factor (3% p.a.)
34
35. The index consists of 50
companies. The graph shows the
current index composition
mapped against each companies’
contribution to each of the 17
SDGs.
Source: VigeoEiris, Solactive (For illustrative purposes only.)
5. Index composition
35
36. Source: IFC Social Bond Program Presentation, 2017
Bond
structure
5. IFC’s social bond program
01
02
03
04
Smallholder farming
More affordable health, education,
utilities or housing services
Goods and services
Access to telecommunication and
payment platforms
05Lending to financial intermediaries;
proceeds of which must be on-lent to
women-owned enterprises
Projects will generally involve support for low-income populations, in
the areas of:
36
37. 1. Define strategic
impact objectives
consistent with the
investment strategy
3. Establish the investor’s
contribution to the
achievement of impact
4. Assess the expected impact
of each investment, based on a
systematic approach
5. Assess, address, monitor
and manage the potential risks
of negative effects of each
investment
6. Monitor the progress
of each investment in
achieving impact against
expectations and respond
appropriately
Independent verification
9. Publicly disclose alignment with the principles and provide regular independent verification of the extent of alignment
7. Conduct exits,
considering the effect on
sustained impact
8. Review, document and
improve decisions and
processes based on the
achievement of impact and
lessons learned
5. Investing for impact: 9 Principles
Strategic intent
2. Manage strategic
impact and financial
returns at portfolio level
Origination &
Structuring
Portfolio
management
Impact at exit
Source: Investing for Impact: Operating Principles for Impact Management, IFC, 2018
37
Investments of all kinds: public and private, national and global, in both capital and capacity.
Public domestic resources, where the most substantial development spending happens, and private sector finance and investment, the largest potential source of additional funding.
Exclusion of companies
+ with a VigeoEiris ESG score below the regional average
+ involved in alcohol, armament, gambling, nuclear, pornography or tobacco, or in critical controversies about the environment, human and labour rights
+ that are part of the most intensive carbon emitters unless they have a robust energy transition strategy
Selection of companies contributing to the SDGs
+ a significant part of their activity dedicated to sustainable products
+ or a leading sustainable behaviour in their sector
Final selection based on suitability for equity index investing
+ liquidity filter (Average Daily Volume for1 and 6 months above 10 million USD or EUR)
+ low volatility filter (The 50 stocks with lowest volatility meeting diversification constraints)
+ geographical and sectorial diversification (max. 25% stocks from the same sector; min. 10% and max. 50% stocks from the same region - Europe, America, Asia)
+ equally-weighted
+ volatility control (10% volatility cap for USD; 8% for EUR)
+ adjustment factor (3% p.a.)
Offers investors an opportunity to finance IFC projects that aim to address access to essential services, income generation etc. to underserved target populations
The program incorporates the four core components of the Green Bond Principles as recommended by the Social Bond Guidelines:
I.Use of proceeds -Investments in companies that source directly from smallholder farmers; provide utilities that provide for low-income households; offer affordable health services, education, or housing to low-income people, lending to financial intermediaries with the requirement that the proceeds of IFC’s loan be on-lent to women-owned enterprises
II.Process for project evaluation and selection -selected from IFC’s loan portfolio by specialists
III.Management of proceeds –proceeds segregated and invested by IFC’s Treasury in accordance with IFC’s liquid asset management investment guidelines
IV.Reporting -On an annual basis, IFC will publish the list of projects which have received funding from social bond proceeds in the previous year. Subject to confidentiality approvals
Eligible Projects will generally involve investments in:
Companies that source directly from smallholder farmers
Utilities (e.g. Electricity, gas, water) that provide low-income households with better access to services
Companies that provide health or education services, or housing to low-income populations in more affordable ways
Companies that provide goods and services to low-income populations
Companies that provide access to telecommunication and payment platforms in markets that include the low-income segment
Lending to financial intermediaries with the requirement that the proceeds of IFC’s loan be on-lent to women-owned enterprises
How were the Principles developed? The Principles were developed by the International Finance Corporation (IFC), drawing on its own impact management practices, and consulting with a range of asset owners, asset managers, asset allocators, multilateral development banks (MDBs), and development finance institutions (DFIs), including the collaborating institutions listed in this guide.
The Principles draw on emerging best practices across a range of public and private institutions that are investing for impact. These include MDBs and DFIs that have both financial and development impact objectives, and decades of experience investing for impact in emerging markets. The Principles also draw on the more recent experience of specialist impact funds and asset managers that have developed robust impact management systems. In addition, they build on industry-wide initiatives around impact management, including the Impact Management Project (IMP).
How can the Principles be used, and by whom? The Principles are intended to be a reference point for investors for the design and implementation of their impact management systems. They may be implemented through different types of systems, which are designed to be fit for purpose for different types of institutions and funds. They do not prescribe specific tools and approaches, or specific impact measurement frameworks. They do not provide guidance on how they are to be implemented. The ambition is that industry participants will continue to learn from each other as they implement the Principles.
Each asset owner and asset manager would align their management systems to the Principles. However, the manner in which the Principles are applied will differ by type of investor and institution. Asset owners and asset managers may apply the Principles to the relevant parts of their portfolios. For example, asset owners and their advisors may use the Principles to screen impact investment opportunities. Asset managers and their advisors may use the Principles to assure investors that impact funds are managed in a robust fashion.