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SDGs in OIC Countries:
Data, Finance and Implementation
1
@wbg2030
worldbank.org/sdgs
Durham University
22 July 2019
Mahmoud Mohieldin
Senior Vice President
World Bank Group
1. Global Megatrends
2. From the MDGs to the SDGs
3. Developments in the OIC
4. Achieving the SDGs
5. Islamic finance and the SDGs
6. Business and Society
Table of contents
2
Shifts in the global
economy
Climate Change
Urbanization
Demographic
Transitions
Renewed debate
about globalization
Technological changes
Fragility
and violence
Market volatility
and commodity cycles
Opportunities and
Challenges
Source: Forward Look 2016
1. Megatrends
3
MDGs (2000-2015) SDGs (2016-2030)
Goals 8 17
Targets 21 169
Indicators 60 ~230
Priority Areas Human Development Holistic: Economic, Social, Environmental
Scope Developing Countries Universal
2. The global development agenda: The MDGs to the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs)
4
ENSURE STRONG GOVERNMENT INVOLVMENT
INCREASE EFFICIENT ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES
LOCALIZE IMPLEMENTATION
IDENTIFY INTERRELATEDNESS OF GOALS AT ONSET
IMPROVE POLICY COORDINATION
INCREASE CROSS-INSTITUTIONAL COLLABORATION
PROMOTE QUALITY DATA (2000-2015)
(2016-2030)
5
2. From MDGs to SDGs: Lessons Learned
Source: International Monetary Fund, 2018
2. The Sustainable Development Goals
6
2. 42 OIC countries submitted their Voluntary National Reviews
between 2016-2019
7
8
Country 2016 2017 2018 2019 Country 2016 2017 2018 2019
Afghanistan ✓ Maldives ✓
Albania ✓ Mali ✓
Algeria ✓ Mauritania ✓
Azerbaijan ✓ ✓ Morocco ✓
Bahrain ✓ Niger ✓
Bangladesh ✓ Nigeria ✓
Benin ✓ ✓ Oman ✓
Burkina Faso ✓ Pakistan ✓
Cameroon ✓ Palestine ✓
Chad ✓ Qatar ✓ ✓
Cote d’Ivoire ✓ Saudi Arabia ✓
Egypt ✓ ✓ Senegal ✓
Guinea ✓ Sierra Leone ✓ ✓
Guyana ✓ Sudan ✓
Indonesia ✓ Tajikistan ✓
Iraq ✓ Togo ✓ ✓ ✓
Jordan ✓ Tunisia ✓
Kazakhstan ✓ Turkey ✓ ✓
Kuwait ✓ Turkmenistan ✓
Lebanon ✓ UAE ✓
Malaysia ✓ Uganda ✓
2. 42 OIC countries submitted their Voluntary National Reviews
between 2016-2019
Source: Results of the Tendency Survey on
SDG Priorities of OIC Member Countries (2018), OIC SESRIC http://www.comcec.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/34-IS-SESRIC-TEND.pdf
Country
2019 Global
Index Score
2019 Global
Index Rank Country
2019 Global
Index Score
2019 Global
Index Rank
Maldives 72.1 47 Guyana 61.4 114
Kyrgyz Republic 71.6 48 Bangladesh 60.9 116
Uzbekistan 71.1 52 Iraq 60.8 117
Algeria 71.1 53 Syrian Arab Republic 58.1 123
Iran, Islamic Rep. 70.5 58 Senegal 57.3 124
Azerbaijan 70.5 59 Cameroon 56.0 127
Albania 70.3 60 Cote d'Ivoire 55.7 129
Tunisia 70.0 63 Pakistan 55.6 130
United Arab Emirates 69.7 65 Gambia, The 55.0 131
Malaysia 69.6 68 Yemen, Rep. 53.7 133
Tajikistan 69.2 71 Mauritania 53.3 134
Morocco 69.1 72 Comoros 53.0 137
Bahrain 68.7 76 Guinea 52.8 138
Kazakhstan 68.7 77 Uganda 52.6 140
Turkey 68.5 79 Burkina Faso 52.4 141
Jordan 68.1 81 Togo 51.6 144
Oman 67.9 83 Sudan 51.4 147
Suriname 67.0 88 Djibouti 51.4 148
Qatar 66.3 91 Benin 50.9 151
Egypt, Arab Rep. 66.2 92 Mali 50.2 152
Lebanon 65.7 94 Afghanistan 49.6 153
Saudi Arabia 64.8 98 Niger 49.4 154
Gabon 64.8 99 Sierra Leone 49.2 155
Turkmenistan 64.3 101 Nigeria 46.4 159
Indonesia 64.2 102 Congo, Dem. Rep. 44.9 160
Kuwait 63.5 106 Chad 42.8 161
2. SDG Index
Source: Sustainable Development Report 2019, Bertelsmann Stiftung & SDSN
9
Country Rank HCI Country Rank HCI
Kazakhstan 31 0.75 Gabon 110 0.45
Bahrain 47 0.67 Namibia 117 0.43
United Arab
Emirates
49 0.66 Senegal 121 0.42
Turkey 53 0.63 Togo 122 0.41
Oman 54 0.62 Comoros 123 0.41
Malaysia 55 0.62 Benin 127 0.41
Albania 56 0.62 Iraq 129 0.40
Qatar 60 0.61 Gambia 130 0.40
Azerbaijan 69 0.60 Cameroon 132 0.39
Iran 71 0.59 Afghanistan 133 0.39
Saudi Arabia 73 0.58 Pakistan 134 0.39
Kyrgyz Republic 76 0.58 Uganda 137 0.38
Kuwait 77 0.58 Sudan 139 0.38
Jordan 79 0.56 Guinea 141 0.37
West Bank and
Gaza
82 0.55 Burkina Faso 144 0.37
Lebanon 86 0.54 Yemen 145 0.37
Indonesia 87 0.53 Cote d’Ivoire 149 0.35
Tajikistan 89 0.53 Mauritania 150 0.35
Algeria 93 0.52 Sierra Leone 151 0.35
Tunisia 96 0.51 Nigeria 152 0.34
Morocco 98 0.50 Mali 154 0.32
Guyana 99 0.49 Niger 155 0.32
Egypt 104 0.49 Chad 157 0.29
Bangladesh 106 0.48Source: World Development Report 2019, World Bank Group
3. Human Capital Index (HCI)
10
VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
HDI
rank Country Value
34 United Arab Emirates 0.863
37 Qatar 0.856
39 Brunei Darussalam 0.853
39 Saudi Arabia 0.853
43 Bahrain 0.846
48 Oman 0.821
56 Kuwait 0.803
57 Malaysia 0.802
58 Kazakhstan 0.800
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
60
Iran (Islamic Republic
of) 0.798
64 Turkey 0.791
68 Albania 0.785
80 Azerbaijan 0.757
80 Lebanon 0.757
85 Algeria 0.754
95 Jordan 0.735
95 Tunisia 0.735
100 Suriname 0.720
101 Maldives 0.717
105 Uzbekistan 0.710
108 Libya 0.706
108 Turkmenistan 0.706
110 Gabon 0.702
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
115 Egypt 0.696
116 Indonesia 0.694
119 Palestine, State of 0.686
120 Iraq 0.685
122 Kyrgyzstan 0.672
123 Morocco 0.667
125 Guyana 0.654
127 Tajikistan 0.650
136 Bangladesh 0.608
150 Pakistan 0.562
151 Cameroon 0.556
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
HDI rank Country Value
155 Syrian Arab Republic 0.536
157 Nigeria 0.532
159 Mauritania 0.520
162 Uganda 0.516
163 Benin 0.515
164 Senegal 0.505
165 Comoros 0.503
165 Togo 0.503
167 Sudan 0.502
168 Afghanistan 0.498
170 Côte d'Ivoire 0.492
172 Djibouti 0.476
174 Gambia 0.460
175 Guinea 0.459
177 Guinea-Bissau 0.455
178 Yemen 0.452
182 Mali 0.427
183 Burkina Faso 0.423
184 Sierra Leone 0.419
186 Chad 0.404
189 Niger 0.354
3. Human Development Index (HDI)
Source: Human Development Report 2018, UNDP 11
12
Countries
Account ownership, 2017
Adults with
an
account
(%)
Gap
between
men
and women
(percentage
points)
Gap between
richer
and poorer
(percentage
points)
Afghanistan 15 15 -
Albania 40 4 29
Algeria 43 27 13
Azerbaijan 29 - 17
Bahrain 83 11 11
Bangladesh 50 29 17
Benin 38 20 11
Burkina Faso 43 17 27
Cameroon 35 9 16
Chad 22 14 13
Cote d’Ivoire 41 11 12
Egypt 33 12 21
Gabon 59 10 15
Indonesia 49 -5 20
Iran 94 5 -
Iraq 23 6 7
Jordan 42 30 16
Kazakhstan 59 - 16
Kuwait 80 10 15
Libya 66 11 12
Countries
Account ownership, 2017
Adults with
an
account
(%)
Gap
between
men
and women
(percentage
points)
Gap
between
richer
and poorer
(percentage
points)
Malaysia 85 5 8
Mali 35 20 7
Mauritania 21 11 13
Morocco 29 25 16
Niger 16 9 8
Nigeria 40 24 25
Pakistan 21 28 12
Saudi Arabia 72 22 12
Senegal 42 8 13
Sierra Leone 20 9 11
Tajikistan 47 10 14
Togo 45 15 18
Tunisia 37 17 26
Turkey 69 29 20
Turkmenistan 41 10 -
Uganda 59 13 20
United Arab
Emirates
88 16 9
Uzbekistan 37 - 12
West Bank and
Gaza
25 19 22
3. Global Findex
Source: Global Findex Database (2017), World Bank Group
2016 2017 2018e 2019f 2020f 2021f
World 2.6 3.1 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.8
Nigeria -1.6 0.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4
Malaysia 4.2 5.9 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.6
Indonesia 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.3
Egypt 4.3 4.2 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.0
Albania 3.3 3.8 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.8
Azerbaijan -3.1 0.1 1.4 3.3 3.5 3.7
Kazakhstan 1.1 4.1 4.1 3.5 3.2 3.2
Kyrgyz Republic 4.3 4.7 3.5 4.3 4.0 4.1
Tajikistan 6.9 7.1 7.3 6.0 6.0 6.0
Turkey 3.2 7.4 2.6 -1.0 3.0 4.0
Turkmenistan 6.2 6.5 6.2 5.6 5.1 4.9
Uzbekistan 6.1 4.5 5.1 5.3 5.5 6.0
Guyana 3.4 2.1 4.1 4.6 33.5 22.9
Suriname -5.6 1.4 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1
Algeria 3.2 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.4
Bahrain 3.5 3.8 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.8
Djibouti 9.1 4.1 6.0 7.0 7.5 8.0
Iran 13.4 3.8 -1.9 -4.5 0.9 1.0
Iraq 13.6 -1.7 0.6 2.8 8.1 2.3
Jordan 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6
Kuwait 2.9 -3.5 1.2 1.6 3.0 2.9
Lebanon 1.6 0.6 0.2 0.9 1.3 1.5
Morocco 1.1 4.1 3.0 2.9 3.5 3.6
Oman 5.0 -0.9 2.1 1.2 6.0 2.8
Qatar 2.1 1.6 1.4 3.0 3.2 3.4
2016 2017 2018e 2019f 2020f 2021f
Saudi Arabia 1.7 -0.7 2.2 1.7 3.1 2.3
Tunisia 1.1 2.0 2.5 2.7 3.2 3.5
United Arab Emirates 3.0 0.8 1.7 2.6 3.0 3.2
West Bank and Gaza 4.7 3.1 0.9 0.5 1.0 1.6
Afghanistan 2.3 2.7 1.0 2.4 3.2 3.6
Bangladesh 7.1 7.3 7.9 7.3 7.4 7.3
Maldives 7.3 6.9 7.9 5.7 5.2 5.3
Pakistan 4.6 5.4 5.8 3.4 2.7 4.0
Benin 4.0 5.8 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
Burkina Faso 5.9 6.3 6.8 6.0 6.0 6.0
Cameroon 4.6 3.5 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6
Chad -6.3 -3.0 2.6 3.4 5.6 4.8
Comoros 2.2 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.2
Côte d'Ivoire 8.0 7.7 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.3
Gambia, The 0.4 4.6 6.6 5.4 5.2 5.0
Guinea 10.5 10.6 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.0
Guinea-Bissau 6.3 5.9 3.8 4.3 4.8 5.5
Mali 5.8 5.3 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.8
Mauritania 2.0 3.0 3.6 6.7 5.8 6.0
Niger 4.9 4.9 5.2 6.5 6.0 5.6
Senegal 6.2 7.2 6.8 6.8 7.0 7.0
Sierra Leone 6.4 3.8 3.7 5.4 5.4 5.2
Sudan 4.7 4.3 -2.3 -1.9 -1.3 -0.8
Togo 5.2 4.3 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.1
Uganda 4.6 3.9 5.9 6.1 6.5 5.8
Zambia 3.6 3.4 3.5 2.5 2.8 2.8
3. Growth
Source: Global Economic Prospects 2019, World Bank Group 13
Invest in
resilience (incl.
social protection)
Invest in
infrastructure
Invest in
human capital
Enablers
Achieving the SDGs
Finance Data Implementation
3. Leveraging the potential of disruptive changes requires a comprehensive
policy framework
14
"Human capital" – the potential of individuals – is going to be the most
important long-term investment any country can make for its people’s future,
prosperity and quality of life
4. Invest in Human Capital
15
Human
Capital:
Main
indicators
Survival – Will
kids born today
survive to
school age?
Health – Will kids
leave school in good
health and be ready
for further learning
and/or work?
School – How
much school will
they complete and
how much will
they learn?
Human
Capital
Project:
Main
Objectives
Build demand for more and better
investments in people
Improve how we measure human
capital
Help countries strengthen HC strategies &
investments for rapid improvements in
outcomes
Resilience is the ability to manage the
wide range of shocks and stresses which
may occur:
• Natural
• Technological, or
• Socioeconomic
Examples of investments include:
• Expansion of social protection coverage while
giving priority to the poorest people
• Strengthening of all aspects of climate and
disaster resilient development, including
coordinating institutions, risk identification
and reduction, preparedness, financial and
social protection, and resilient reconstruction
4. Invest in Resilience
16
1E+11
1.5E+11
2E+11
2.5E+11
3E+11
3.5E+11
4E+11
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
Infrastructure Outlook: Africa
Current trends Investment need
Investment need inc. SDGs
1.3E+12
1.5E+12
1.7E+12
1.9E+12
2.1E+12
2.3E+12
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
Infrastructure Outlook: Asia
Current trends Investment need
Investment need inc. SDGs
Source: Global Infrastructure Hub, 2018
4. Invest in Infrastructure
17
In low income countries, only 12 percent of people use the internet, but usage is growing.
4. Invest in Digital Infrastructure
18
EFFECTIVE
IMPLEMENTATION
ADEQUATE DATA
Provide integrated
solutions and work
across
sectors/ministries
Ensure availability of
household budget
surveys in 78 poorest
countries every three
years; data revolution;
statistical capacity
building
BETTER
FINANCING
Domestic resource
mobilization; leveraging
private sector;
addressing needs of
regional and global
public goods
4. What will the SDGs require?
Data, finance and implementation
19
Japan as an example:
Japan’s goals are interlinked to SDG 1
4. The SDGs are interlinked
Data is critical to understanding those relationships
20
0
5
10
15
20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Seventy-eight of 169 SDG targets describe
potentially assessable outcomes for Canada
Quantified SDG target Canadian national target
Proxy target Not able to assess
Source: “Counting who gets Left Behind” Brookings report, 2018
4. Data availability is a universal challenge
21
To meet the investment needs of the SDGs, the global
community needs a paradigm shift - move the
discussion from “billions” in ODA to the “trillions” in
investments of all kinds
Achieving the SDGs will require the best possible use
of each available grant dollar, beginning with ODA
from governments and philanthropy, remittances,
South-South flows, other ODA, and FDI
To reach the needed trillions, additional flows must
come from two main pillars: public domestic resources
and private sector finance
2017
2017
712
440200
Source: World Investment Report, UNCTAD, 2018, https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2018_en.pdf
4. Financing the SDGs
22
23
• In 2030, EMEs would need to spend 4% of GDP ($2.1 trillion) more than they did in
2016, while LIDCs would need to spend 15.4% more ($0.5 trillion)
• Most EMEs would be able to finance the additional spending on SDGs by mobilizing
their own resources
• However, the shortfall for LIDCs will be very large, as their fiscal space is limited
• LIDCs would have to rely on alternative sources of funding, mostly beyond their
direct control: private financing, philanthropy, and—critically—advanced economies
delivering on their official ODA targets
4. Financing the SDGs will need to come from multiple sources
1. Preschool education
2. Primary and secondary school
3. Health care
4. Social assistance and poverty alleviation
5. Public order and civil protection
6. Infrastructure and public services
7. Environment protection
8. Social, cultural, recreational expenditures
9. Local economic development
10. Social housing
11. Urban development
12. Civil security
13. Transfer to sub-local government entities
14. Subsidies, grants, equity, in-kind)
15. Loan repayment
16. Interest charges
17. Guarantees called (paid by the municipality)
1. Property tax (rates) on land and/or buildings
2. Tax on the transfer of immovable property
3. Tax on motor vehicles
4. Local sales tax and/or tax on the sale of local products (or surcharge)
5. Tax on local businesses and services
6. Tax on electricity consumption (surcharge)
7. Tax on nonmotorized vehicles
8. Tax on tourism, hotels, restaurants, and entertainment
9. Tolls on roads, bridges, etc., within the limits of the local government
10.Charges for public works and public utilities such as waste collection, drainage, sewerage, and
water supply
11.Charges for markets and rents for market stalls
12.Charges for the use of bus stations and taxi parks
13.Fees for approval of building plans and erection and re-erection of buildings
14.Fees for fairs, agricultural shows, industrial exhibitions, tournaments, and other public events
15.Fees for licensing of businesses, professions, and vocations
16.Fees for other licenses or permits and penalties or fines for violations
17.Fees for advertisement
18.Fees on sales of animals in cattle markets
19.Fees for registration and certification of births, marriages, and deaths
20.Fees for education and health facilities established or maintained by the local government
21.Fees for other specific services rendered by the local government
22.Rent from land, buildings, equipment, machinery, and vehicles
23.Surpluses from local commercial enterprises
24.Interest on bank deposits or other funds
Expenses Revenues
4. Sample municipal budget
24
U.K. Midlands:
Successful locally owned businesses help
develop local markets, create
innovation, success and redistribution in
a self-reinforcing cycle
Tunisia:
E-government services and portal
stimulates citizen engagement
and policy discussions
Big Data Hackathon (2017)
encourages start-ups and
institutions to make Big Data
innovations
Ghana:
MasterCard and IFC use big
data to promote access to
financial services for the
poor
Indonesia:
A program is being implemented to
enhance the capacity of local
governments to improve efficiency
and effectiveness of local public
spending. Also implemented the
PNPM program: community driven
development
Kenya:
Open data initiative makes
government data available to
the public E-government
portal facilitates ‘one stop
shop’ for citizens
Egypt:
Government services
development program
provides speedy delivery on
such as education enrolment
and legal services
Colombia:
4. Localization and Implementation
25
1. Sequencing implementation of goals within context of national priorities
2. Working in partnership to determine national development strategy
3. Coordination within governments; across and within ministries
4. Securing enough financial resources and efficiently allocating them
5. Data availability and institutional capacity
6. Localization and implementation of the goals at the local level
7. Incorporating and mainstreaming gender
8. Integrating action on climate change
4. High-Level Political Forum
Countries’ Most Frequently Identified Priority Areas
26
Financial
Stability
Financial
Inclusion
Social
Impact
Infra
Development
Source: On the Sustainable Development Goals and the Role of Islamic Finance, Ahmed et al. 2015 27
5. Role of Islamic capital markets in supporting the 2030 agenda:
Islamic finance can support Sustainable Development Objectives
5. Role of Islamic capital markets in supporting the 2030 agenda
Islamic Banking Assets (2008-2017f)
Shariah-
Compliant
Activities
Money as
Potential
Capital
Sanctity of
Contract
Prohibition on
Speculative
Transactions
Risk-Sharing
Asset-Backed
Instruments
Prohibition of
Interest
Islamic
Capital
Markets
Islamic
Banking
Islamic
Capital
MarketsTakaful
5. Islamic capital markets can be viable sources of long-term development
finance
29
Source: Naveed, Sukuk: Asset Securitization Based on Shari’a Principles, 2015
5. Can sukuk be used for infrastructure investment?
30
1
• Asset–backed nature of sukuk
2
• The link between underlying asset`s revenue and sukuk investor`s return
3
• Infrastructure financing is a leading reason for sukuk issuance
4
• Sukuk enables risk-sharing in high-risk development projects
5
• Sukuk offers flexible structures for different phases of development projects
6
• Sukuk might enhance Public-Private Partnership structures
7
• A wider investor base for Sukuk
5. Sukuk: A viable instrument for development finance
31
Usage Example
Fiscal support Sudan: Over $100 million of Sukuk issued in 2012 to raise funds for the government
Liquidity
management
Bahrain, Gambia and Brunei: Short-term Sukuk as tools of liquidity management
Education
Osun State, Nigeria: Local currency, sub-sovereign Sukuk issue ($62 million
equivalent) for the construction and rehabilitation of 24 schools in 2013
Health
World Bank: Global Sukuk for $500 million raised by International Financial Facility
for Immunization to fund the supply of vaccines to some of the world’s poorest
nations in 2014
Infrastructure
Saudi Arabia: Global Sukuk for $1.7 billion to finance electricity projects in 2010.
Malaysia: Global Sukuk for $300 million to finance the Klang Valley Rapid Mass Transit
Project
Environment
Malaysia: The World’s first green sukuk launched in 2017 to finance sustainable,
climate-resilient growth
5. Role of Sukuk in financing sustainable development
32
SDG Bonds
IFC’s Social
Bond Program
Equity-linked bonds that link returns
to the performance of companies
advancing global development
priorities
Some instruments are structured in a manner that may be compliant with Islamic
finance. World Bank Group examples include:
5. Examples from “conventional instruments”
Source: World Bank Group Treasury, Press Release from 03/09/2017 33
Source: World Bank Group Treasury, Press Release from 03/09/2017
The index composition follows a 3-step methodology to
select companies from the overall investment universe
(developed country companies assessed by VigeoEiris):
50 Companies (rebalanced annually)
5. Equity-Index linked bonds
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Exclusion of companies
Selection of companies contributing to the SDGs
Final selection based on sustainability for equity index investing
Exclusion of companies
+ with a VigeoEiris ESG score below the regional
average
+ involved in alcohol, armament, gambling, nuclear,
pornography or tobacco, or in critical controversies
about the environment, human and labour rights
+ that are part of the most intensive carbon emitters
unless they have a robust energy transition strategy
Selection of companies contributing to the SDGs
+ a significant part of their activity dedicated to
sustainable products
+ or a leading sustainable behaviour in their sector
Final selection based on suitability for equity index
investing
+ liquidity filter (Average Daily Volume for1 and 6
months above 10 million USD or EUR)
+ low volatility filter (The 50 stocks with lowest
volatility meeting diversification constraints)
+ geographical and sectorial diversification (max.
25% stocks from the same sector; min. 10% and max.
50% stocks from the same region - Europe, America,
Asia)
+ equally-weighted
+ volatility control (10% volatility cap for USD; 8% for
EUR)
+ adjustment factor (3% p.a.)
34
The index consists of 50
companies. The graph shows the
current index composition
mapped against each companies’
contribution to each of the 17
SDGs.
Source: VigeoEiris, Solactive (For illustrative purposes only.)
5. Index composition
35
Source: IFC Social Bond Program Presentation, 2017
Bond
structure
5. IFC’s social bond program
01
02
03
04
Smallholder farming
More affordable health, education,
utilities or housing services
Goods and services
Access to telecommunication and
payment platforms
05Lending to financial intermediaries;
proceeds of which must be on-lent to
women-owned enterprises
Projects will generally involve support for low-income populations, in
the areas of:
36
1. Define strategic
impact objectives
consistent with the
investment strategy
3. Establish the investor’s
contribution to the
achievement of impact
4. Assess the expected impact
of each investment, based on a
systematic approach
5. Assess, address, monitor
and manage the potential risks
of negative effects of each
investment
6. Monitor the progress
of each investment in
achieving impact against
expectations and respond
appropriately
Independent verification
9. Publicly disclose alignment with the principles and provide regular independent verification of the extent of alignment
7. Conduct exits,
considering the effect on
sustained impact
8. Review, document and
improve decisions and
processes based on the
achievement of impact and
lessons learned
5. Investing for impact: 9 Principles
Strategic intent
2. Manage strategic
impact and financial
returns at portfolio level
Origination &
Structuring
Portfolio
management
Impact at exit
Source: Investing for Impact: Operating Principles for Impact Management, IFC, 2018
37
Charity
Obligations
Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR)
Sustainability
The SDGs provide the opportunity for business accountability and synergies with society
5. Business and society
38
Thank you
39
Mahmoud Mohieldin
Senior Vice President
World Bank Group
worldbank.org/sdgs
Follow us on twitter @WBG2030
Mahmoud Mohieldin on

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OIC Countries Progress on SDGs: Data, Finance and Implementation

  • 1. SDGs in OIC Countries: Data, Finance and Implementation 1 @wbg2030 worldbank.org/sdgs Durham University 22 July 2019 Mahmoud Mohieldin Senior Vice President World Bank Group
  • 2. 1. Global Megatrends 2. From the MDGs to the SDGs 3. Developments in the OIC 4. Achieving the SDGs 5. Islamic finance and the SDGs 6. Business and Society Table of contents 2
  • 3. Shifts in the global economy Climate Change Urbanization Demographic Transitions Renewed debate about globalization Technological changes Fragility and violence Market volatility and commodity cycles Opportunities and Challenges Source: Forward Look 2016 1. Megatrends 3
  • 4. MDGs (2000-2015) SDGs (2016-2030) Goals 8 17 Targets 21 169 Indicators 60 ~230 Priority Areas Human Development Holistic: Economic, Social, Environmental Scope Developing Countries Universal 2. The global development agenda: The MDGs to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4
  • 5. ENSURE STRONG GOVERNMENT INVOLVMENT INCREASE EFFICIENT ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES LOCALIZE IMPLEMENTATION IDENTIFY INTERRELATEDNESS OF GOALS AT ONSET IMPROVE POLICY COORDINATION INCREASE CROSS-INSTITUTIONAL COLLABORATION PROMOTE QUALITY DATA (2000-2015) (2016-2030) 5 2. From MDGs to SDGs: Lessons Learned
  • 6. Source: International Monetary Fund, 2018 2. The Sustainable Development Goals 6
  • 7. 2. 42 OIC countries submitted their Voluntary National Reviews between 2016-2019 7
  • 8. 8 Country 2016 2017 2018 2019 Country 2016 2017 2018 2019 Afghanistan ✓ Maldives ✓ Albania ✓ Mali ✓ Algeria ✓ Mauritania ✓ Azerbaijan ✓ ✓ Morocco ✓ Bahrain ✓ Niger ✓ Bangladesh ✓ Nigeria ✓ Benin ✓ ✓ Oman ✓ Burkina Faso ✓ Pakistan ✓ Cameroon ✓ Palestine ✓ Chad ✓ Qatar ✓ ✓ Cote d’Ivoire ✓ Saudi Arabia ✓ Egypt ✓ ✓ Senegal ✓ Guinea ✓ Sierra Leone ✓ ✓ Guyana ✓ Sudan ✓ Indonesia ✓ Tajikistan ✓ Iraq ✓ Togo ✓ ✓ ✓ Jordan ✓ Tunisia ✓ Kazakhstan ✓ Turkey ✓ ✓ Kuwait ✓ Turkmenistan ✓ Lebanon ✓ UAE ✓ Malaysia ✓ Uganda ✓ 2. 42 OIC countries submitted their Voluntary National Reviews between 2016-2019 Source: Results of the Tendency Survey on SDG Priorities of OIC Member Countries (2018), OIC SESRIC http://www.comcec.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/34-IS-SESRIC-TEND.pdf
  • 9. Country 2019 Global Index Score 2019 Global Index Rank Country 2019 Global Index Score 2019 Global Index Rank Maldives 72.1 47 Guyana 61.4 114 Kyrgyz Republic 71.6 48 Bangladesh 60.9 116 Uzbekistan 71.1 52 Iraq 60.8 117 Algeria 71.1 53 Syrian Arab Republic 58.1 123 Iran, Islamic Rep. 70.5 58 Senegal 57.3 124 Azerbaijan 70.5 59 Cameroon 56.0 127 Albania 70.3 60 Cote d'Ivoire 55.7 129 Tunisia 70.0 63 Pakistan 55.6 130 United Arab Emirates 69.7 65 Gambia, The 55.0 131 Malaysia 69.6 68 Yemen, Rep. 53.7 133 Tajikistan 69.2 71 Mauritania 53.3 134 Morocco 69.1 72 Comoros 53.0 137 Bahrain 68.7 76 Guinea 52.8 138 Kazakhstan 68.7 77 Uganda 52.6 140 Turkey 68.5 79 Burkina Faso 52.4 141 Jordan 68.1 81 Togo 51.6 144 Oman 67.9 83 Sudan 51.4 147 Suriname 67.0 88 Djibouti 51.4 148 Qatar 66.3 91 Benin 50.9 151 Egypt, Arab Rep. 66.2 92 Mali 50.2 152 Lebanon 65.7 94 Afghanistan 49.6 153 Saudi Arabia 64.8 98 Niger 49.4 154 Gabon 64.8 99 Sierra Leone 49.2 155 Turkmenistan 64.3 101 Nigeria 46.4 159 Indonesia 64.2 102 Congo, Dem. Rep. 44.9 160 Kuwait 63.5 106 Chad 42.8 161 2. SDG Index Source: Sustainable Development Report 2019, Bertelsmann Stiftung & SDSN 9
  • 10. Country Rank HCI Country Rank HCI Kazakhstan 31 0.75 Gabon 110 0.45 Bahrain 47 0.67 Namibia 117 0.43 United Arab Emirates 49 0.66 Senegal 121 0.42 Turkey 53 0.63 Togo 122 0.41 Oman 54 0.62 Comoros 123 0.41 Malaysia 55 0.62 Benin 127 0.41 Albania 56 0.62 Iraq 129 0.40 Qatar 60 0.61 Gambia 130 0.40 Azerbaijan 69 0.60 Cameroon 132 0.39 Iran 71 0.59 Afghanistan 133 0.39 Saudi Arabia 73 0.58 Pakistan 134 0.39 Kyrgyz Republic 76 0.58 Uganda 137 0.38 Kuwait 77 0.58 Sudan 139 0.38 Jordan 79 0.56 Guinea 141 0.37 West Bank and Gaza 82 0.55 Burkina Faso 144 0.37 Lebanon 86 0.54 Yemen 145 0.37 Indonesia 87 0.53 Cote d’Ivoire 149 0.35 Tajikistan 89 0.53 Mauritania 150 0.35 Algeria 93 0.52 Sierra Leone 151 0.35 Tunisia 96 0.51 Nigeria 152 0.34 Morocco 98 0.50 Mali 154 0.32 Guyana 99 0.49 Niger 155 0.32 Egypt 104 0.49 Chad 157 0.29 Bangladesh 106 0.48Source: World Development Report 2019, World Bank Group 3. Human Capital Index (HCI) 10
  • 11. VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HDI rank Country Value 34 United Arab Emirates 0.863 37 Qatar 0.856 39 Brunei Darussalam 0.853 39 Saudi Arabia 0.853 43 Bahrain 0.846 48 Oman 0.821 56 Kuwait 0.803 57 Malaysia 0.802 58 Kazakhstan 0.800 HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 60 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.798 64 Turkey 0.791 68 Albania 0.785 80 Azerbaijan 0.757 80 Lebanon 0.757 85 Algeria 0.754 95 Jordan 0.735 95 Tunisia 0.735 100 Suriname 0.720 101 Maldives 0.717 105 Uzbekistan 0.710 108 Libya 0.706 108 Turkmenistan 0.706 110 Gabon 0.702 MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 115 Egypt 0.696 116 Indonesia 0.694 119 Palestine, State of 0.686 120 Iraq 0.685 122 Kyrgyzstan 0.672 123 Morocco 0.667 125 Guyana 0.654 127 Tajikistan 0.650 136 Bangladesh 0.608 150 Pakistan 0.562 151 Cameroon 0.556 LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HDI rank Country Value 155 Syrian Arab Republic 0.536 157 Nigeria 0.532 159 Mauritania 0.520 162 Uganda 0.516 163 Benin 0.515 164 Senegal 0.505 165 Comoros 0.503 165 Togo 0.503 167 Sudan 0.502 168 Afghanistan 0.498 170 Côte d'Ivoire 0.492 172 Djibouti 0.476 174 Gambia 0.460 175 Guinea 0.459 177 Guinea-Bissau 0.455 178 Yemen 0.452 182 Mali 0.427 183 Burkina Faso 0.423 184 Sierra Leone 0.419 186 Chad 0.404 189 Niger 0.354 3. Human Development Index (HDI) Source: Human Development Report 2018, UNDP 11
  • 12. 12 Countries Account ownership, 2017 Adults with an account (%) Gap between men and women (percentage points) Gap between richer and poorer (percentage points) Afghanistan 15 15 - Albania 40 4 29 Algeria 43 27 13 Azerbaijan 29 - 17 Bahrain 83 11 11 Bangladesh 50 29 17 Benin 38 20 11 Burkina Faso 43 17 27 Cameroon 35 9 16 Chad 22 14 13 Cote d’Ivoire 41 11 12 Egypt 33 12 21 Gabon 59 10 15 Indonesia 49 -5 20 Iran 94 5 - Iraq 23 6 7 Jordan 42 30 16 Kazakhstan 59 - 16 Kuwait 80 10 15 Libya 66 11 12 Countries Account ownership, 2017 Adults with an account (%) Gap between men and women (percentage points) Gap between richer and poorer (percentage points) Malaysia 85 5 8 Mali 35 20 7 Mauritania 21 11 13 Morocco 29 25 16 Niger 16 9 8 Nigeria 40 24 25 Pakistan 21 28 12 Saudi Arabia 72 22 12 Senegal 42 8 13 Sierra Leone 20 9 11 Tajikistan 47 10 14 Togo 45 15 18 Tunisia 37 17 26 Turkey 69 29 20 Turkmenistan 41 10 - Uganda 59 13 20 United Arab Emirates 88 16 9 Uzbekistan 37 - 12 West Bank and Gaza 25 19 22 3. Global Findex Source: Global Findex Database (2017), World Bank Group
  • 13. 2016 2017 2018e 2019f 2020f 2021f World 2.6 3.1 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.8 Nigeria -1.6 0.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 Malaysia 4.2 5.9 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.6 Indonesia 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.3 Egypt 4.3 4.2 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.0 Albania 3.3 3.8 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.8 Azerbaijan -3.1 0.1 1.4 3.3 3.5 3.7 Kazakhstan 1.1 4.1 4.1 3.5 3.2 3.2 Kyrgyz Republic 4.3 4.7 3.5 4.3 4.0 4.1 Tajikistan 6.9 7.1 7.3 6.0 6.0 6.0 Turkey 3.2 7.4 2.6 -1.0 3.0 4.0 Turkmenistan 6.2 6.5 6.2 5.6 5.1 4.9 Uzbekistan 6.1 4.5 5.1 5.3 5.5 6.0 Guyana 3.4 2.1 4.1 4.6 33.5 22.9 Suriname -5.6 1.4 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 Algeria 3.2 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.4 Bahrain 3.5 3.8 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.8 Djibouti 9.1 4.1 6.0 7.0 7.5 8.0 Iran 13.4 3.8 -1.9 -4.5 0.9 1.0 Iraq 13.6 -1.7 0.6 2.8 8.1 2.3 Jordan 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 Kuwait 2.9 -3.5 1.2 1.6 3.0 2.9 Lebanon 1.6 0.6 0.2 0.9 1.3 1.5 Morocco 1.1 4.1 3.0 2.9 3.5 3.6 Oman 5.0 -0.9 2.1 1.2 6.0 2.8 Qatar 2.1 1.6 1.4 3.0 3.2 3.4 2016 2017 2018e 2019f 2020f 2021f Saudi Arabia 1.7 -0.7 2.2 1.7 3.1 2.3 Tunisia 1.1 2.0 2.5 2.7 3.2 3.5 United Arab Emirates 3.0 0.8 1.7 2.6 3.0 3.2 West Bank and Gaza 4.7 3.1 0.9 0.5 1.0 1.6 Afghanistan 2.3 2.7 1.0 2.4 3.2 3.6 Bangladesh 7.1 7.3 7.9 7.3 7.4 7.3 Maldives 7.3 6.9 7.9 5.7 5.2 5.3 Pakistan 4.6 5.4 5.8 3.4 2.7 4.0 Benin 4.0 5.8 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 Burkina Faso 5.9 6.3 6.8 6.0 6.0 6.0 Cameroon 4.6 3.5 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 Chad -6.3 -3.0 2.6 3.4 5.6 4.8 Comoros 2.2 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.2 Côte d'Ivoire 8.0 7.7 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.3 Gambia, The 0.4 4.6 6.6 5.4 5.2 5.0 Guinea 10.5 10.6 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.0 Guinea-Bissau 6.3 5.9 3.8 4.3 4.8 5.5 Mali 5.8 5.3 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.8 Mauritania 2.0 3.0 3.6 6.7 5.8 6.0 Niger 4.9 4.9 5.2 6.5 6.0 5.6 Senegal 6.2 7.2 6.8 6.8 7.0 7.0 Sierra Leone 6.4 3.8 3.7 5.4 5.4 5.2 Sudan 4.7 4.3 -2.3 -1.9 -1.3 -0.8 Togo 5.2 4.3 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.1 Uganda 4.6 3.9 5.9 6.1 6.5 5.8 Zambia 3.6 3.4 3.5 2.5 2.8 2.8 3. Growth Source: Global Economic Prospects 2019, World Bank Group 13
  • 14. Invest in resilience (incl. social protection) Invest in infrastructure Invest in human capital Enablers Achieving the SDGs Finance Data Implementation 3. Leveraging the potential of disruptive changes requires a comprehensive policy framework 14
  • 15. "Human capital" – the potential of individuals – is going to be the most important long-term investment any country can make for its people’s future, prosperity and quality of life 4. Invest in Human Capital 15 Human Capital: Main indicators Survival – Will kids born today survive to school age? Health – Will kids leave school in good health and be ready for further learning and/or work? School – How much school will they complete and how much will they learn? Human Capital Project: Main Objectives Build demand for more and better investments in people Improve how we measure human capital Help countries strengthen HC strategies & investments for rapid improvements in outcomes
  • 16. Resilience is the ability to manage the wide range of shocks and stresses which may occur: • Natural • Technological, or • Socioeconomic Examples of investments include: • Expansion of social protection coverage while giving priority to the poorest people • Strengthening of all aspects of climate and disaster resilient development, including coordinating institutions, risk identification and reduction, preparedness, financial and social protection, and resilient reconstruction 4. Invest in Resilience 16
  • 17. 1E+11 1.5E+11 2E+11 2.5E+11 3E+11 3.5E+11 4E+11 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Infrastructure Outlook: Africa Current trends Investment need Investment need inc. SDGs 1.3E+12 1.5E+12 1.7E+12 1.9E+12 2.1E+12 2.3E+12 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Infrastructure Outlook: Asia Current trends Investment need Investment need inc. SDGs Source: Global Infrastructure Hub, 2018 4. Invest in Infrastructure 17
  • 18. In low income countries, only 12 percent of people use the internet, but usage is growing. 4. Invest in Digital Infrastructure 18
  • 19. EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION ADEQUATE DATA Provide integrated solutions and work across sectors/ministries Ensure availability of household budget surveys in 78 poorest countries every three years; data revolution; statistical capacity building BETTER FINANCING Domestic resource mobilization; leveraging private sector; addressing needs of regional and global public goods 4. What will the SDGs require? Data, finance and implementation 19
  • 20. Japan as an example: Japan’s goals are interlinked to SDG 1 4. The SDGs are interlinked Data is critical to understanding those relationships 20
  • 21. 0 5 10 15 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Seventy-eight of 169 SDG targets describe potentially assessable outcomes for Canada Quantified SDG target Canadian national target Proxy target Not able to assess Source: “Counting who gets Left Behind” Brookings report, 2018 4. Data availability is a universal challenge 21
  • 22. To meet the investment needs of the SDGs, the global community needs a paradigm shift - move the discussion from “billions” in ODA to the “trillions” in investments of all kinds Achieving the SDGs will require the best possible use of each available grant dollar, beginning with ODA from governments and philanthropy, remittances, South-South flows, other ODA, and FDI To reach the needed trillions, additional flows must come from two main pillars: public domestic resources and private sector finance 2017 2017 712 440200 Source: World Investment Report, UNCTAD, 2018, https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2018_en.pdf 4. Financing the SDGs 22
  • 23. 23 • In 2030, EMEs would need to spend 4% of GDP ($2.1 trillion) more than they did in 2016, while LIDCs would need to spend 15.4% more ($0.5 trillion) • Most EMEs would be able to finance the additional spending on SDGs by mobilizing their own resources • However, the shortfall for LIDCs will be very large, as their fiscal space is limited • LIDCs would have to rely on alternative sources of funding, mostly beyond their direct control: private financing, philanthropy, and—critically—advanced economies delivering on their official ODA targets 4. Financing the SDGs will need to come from multiple sources
  • 24. 1. Preschool education 2. Primary and secondary school 3. Health care 4. Social assistance and poverty alleviation 5. Public order and civil protection 6. Infrastructure and public services 7. Environment protection 8. Social, cultural, recreational expenditures 9. Local economic development 10. Social housing 11. Urban development 12. Civil security 13. Transfer to sub-local government entities 14. Subsidies, grants, equity, in-kind) 15. Loan repayment 16. Interest charges 17. Guarantees called (paid by the municipality) 1. Property tax (rates) on land and/or buildings 2. Tax on the transfer of immovable property 3. Tax on motor vehicles 4. Local sales tax and/or tax on the sale of local products (or surcharge) 5. Tax on local businesses and services 6. Tax on electricity consumption (surcharge) 7. Tax on nonmotorized vehicles 8. Tax on tourism, hotels, restaurants, and entertainment 9. Tolls on roads, bridges, etc., within the limits of the local government 10.Charges for public works and public utilities such as waste collection, drainage, sewerage, and water supply 11.Charges for markets and rents for market stalls 12.Charges for the use of bus stations and taxi parks 13.Fees for approval of building plans and erection and re-erection of buildings 14.Fees for fairs, agricultural shows, industrial exhibitions, tournaments, and other public events 15.Fees for licensing of businesses, professions, and vocations 16.Fees for other licenses or permits and penalties or fines for violations 17.Fees for advertisement 18.Fees on sales of animals in cattle markets 19.Fees for registration and certification of births, marriages, and deaths 20.Fees for education and health facilities established or maintained by the local government 21.Fees for other specific services rendered by the local government 22.Rent from land, buildings, equipment, machinery, and vehicles 23.Surpluses from local commercial enterprises 24.Interest on bank deposits or other funds Expenses Revenues 4. Sample municipal budget 24
  • 25. U.K. Midlands: Successful locally owned businesses help develop local markets, create innovation, success and redistribution in a self-reinforcing cycle Tunisia: E-government services and portal stimulates citizen engagement and policy discussions Big Data Hackathon (2017) encourages start-ups and institutions to make Big Data innovations Ghana: MasterCard and IFC use big data to promote access to financial services for the poor Indonesia: A program is being implemented to enhance the capacity of local governments to improve efficiency and effectiveness of local public spending. Also implemented the PNPM program: community driven development Kenya: Open data initiative makes government data available to the public E-government portal facilitates ‘one stop shop’ for citizens Egypt: Government services development program provides speedy delivery on such as education enrolment and legal services Colombia: 4. Localization and Implementation 25
  • 26. 1. Sequencing implementation of goals within context of national priorities 2. Working in partnership to determine national development strategy 3. Coordination within governments; across and within ministries 4. Securing enough financial resources and efficiently allocating them 5. Data availability and institutional capacity 6. Localization and implementation of the goals at the local level 7. Incorporating and mainstreaming gender 8. Integrating action on climate change 4. High-Level Political Forum Countries’ Most Frequently Identified Priority Areas 26
  • 27. Financial Stability Financial Inclusion Social Impact Infra Development Source: On the Sustainable Development Goals and the Role of Islamic Finance, Ahmed et al. 2015 27 5. Role of Islamic capital markets in supporting the 2030 agenda: Islamic finance can support Sustainable Development Objectives
  • 28. 5. Role of Islamic capital markets in supporting the 2030 agenda Islamic Banking Assets (2008-2017f)
  • 29. Shariah- Compliant Activities Money as Potential Capital Sanctity of Contract Prohibition on Speculative Transactions Risk-Sharing Asset-Backed Instruments Prohibition of Interest Islamic Capital Markets Islamic Banking Islamic Capital MarketsTakaful 5. Islamic capital markets can be viable sources of long-term development finance 29
  • 30. Source: Naveed, Sukuk: Asset Securitization Based on Shari’a Principles, 2015 5. Can sukuk be used for infrastructure investment? 30
  • 31. 1 • Asset–backed nature of sukuk 2 • The link between underlying asset`s revenue and sukuk investor`s return 3 • Infrastructure financing is a leading reason for sukuk issuance 4 • Sukuk enables risk-sharing in high-risk development projects 5 • Sukuk offers flexible structures for different phases of development projects 6 • Sukuk might enhance Public-Private Partnership structures 7 • A wider investor base for Sukuk 5. Sukuk: A viable instrument for development finance 31
  • 32. Usage Example Fiscal support Sudan: Over $100 million of Sukuk issued in 2012 to raise funds for the government Liquidity management Bahrain, Gambia and Brunei: Short-term Sukuk as tools of liquidity management Education Osun State, Nigeria: Local currency, sub-sovereign Sukuk issue ($62 million equivalent) for the construction and rehabilitation of 24 schools in 2013 Health World Bank: Global Sukuk for $500 million raised by International Financial Facility for Immunization to fund the supply of vaccines to some of the world’s poorest nations in 2014 Infrastructure Saudi Arabia: Global Sukuk for $1.7 billion to finance electricity projects in 2010. Malaysia: Global Sukuk for $300 million to finance the Klang Valley Rapid Mass Transit Project Environment Malaysia: The World’s first green sukuk launched in 2017 to finance sustainable, climate-resilient growth 5. Role of Sukuk in financing sustainable development 32
  • 33. SDG Bonds IFC’s Social Bond Program Equity-linked bonds that link returns to the performance of companies advancing global development priorities Some instruments are structured in a manner that may be compliant with Islamic finance. World Bank Group examples include: 5. Examples from “conventional instruments” Source: World Bank Group Treasury, Press Release from 03/09/2017 33
  • 34. Source: World Bank Group Treasury, Press Release from 03/09/2017 The index composition follows a 3-step methodology to select companies from the overall investment universe (developed country companies assessed by VigeoEiris): 50 Companies (rebalanced annually) 5. Equity-Index linked bonds Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Exclusion of companies Selection of companies contributing to the SDGs Final selection based on sustainability for equity index investing Exclusion of companies + with a VigeoEiris ESG score below the regional average + involved in alcohol, armament, gambling, nuclear, pornography or tobacco, or in critical controversies about the environment, human and labour rights + that are part of the most intensive carbon emitters unless they have a robust energy transition strategy Selection of companies contributing to the SDGs + a significant part of their activity dedicated to sustainable products + or a leading sustainable behaviour in their sector Final selection based on suitability for equity index investing + liquidity filter (Average Daily Volume for1 and 6 months above 10 million USD or EUR) + low volatility filter (The 50 stocks with lowest volatility meeting diversification constraints) + geographical and sectorial diversification (max. 25% stocks from the same sector; min. 10% and max. 50% stocks from the same region - Europe, America, Asia) + equally-weighted + volatility control (10% volatility cap for USD; 8% for EUR) + adjustment factor (3% p.a.) 34
  • 35. The index consists of 50 companies. The graph shows the current index composition mapped against each companies’ contribution to each of the 17 SDGs. Source: VigeoEiris, Solactive (For illustrative purposes only.) 5. Index composition 35
  • 36. Source: IFC Social Bond Program Presentation, 2017 Bond structure 5. IFC’s social bond program 01 02 03 04 Smallholder farming More affordable health, education, utilities or housing services Goods and services Access to telecommunication and payment platforms 05Lending to financial intermediaries; proceeds of which must be on-lent to women-owned enterprises Projects will generally involve support for low-income populations, in the areas of: 36
  • 37. 1. Define strategic impact objectives consistent with the investment strategy 3. Establish the investor’s contribution to the achievement of impact 4. Assess the expected impact of each investment, based on a systematic approach 5. Assess, address, monitor and manage the potential risks of negative effects of each investment 6. Monitor the progress of each investment in achieving impact against expectations and respond appropriately Independent verification 9. Publicly disclose alignment with the principles and provide regular independent verification of the extent of alignment 7. Conduct exits, considering the effect on sustained impact 8. Review, document and improve decisions and processes based on the achievement of impact and lessons learned 5. Investing for impact: 9 Principles Strategic intent 2. Manage strategic impact and financial returns at portfolio level Origination & Structuring Portfolio management Impact at exit Source: Investing for Impact: Operating Principles for Impact Management, IFC, 2018 37
  • 38. Charity Obligations Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Sustainability The SDGs provide the opportunity for business accountability and synergies with society 5. Business and society 38
  • 39. Thank you 39 Mahmoud Mohieldin Senior Vice President World Bank Group worldbank.org/sdgs Follow us on twitter @WBG2030 Mahmoud Mohieldin on

Notas do Editor

  1. Investments of all kinds: public and private, national and global, in both capital and capacity. Public domestic resources, where the most substantial development spending happens, and private sector finance and investment, the largest potential source of additional funding.
  2. Exclusion of companies + with a VigeoEiris ESG score below the regional average + involved in alcohol, armament, gambling, nuclear, pornography or tobacco, or in critical controversies about the environment, human and labour rights + that are part of the most intensive carbon emitters unless they have a robust energy transition strategy Selection of companies contributing to the SDGs + a significant part of their activity dedicated to sustainable products + or a leading sustainable behaviour in their sector Final selection based on suitability for equity index investing + liquidity filter (Average Daily Volume for1 and 6 months above 10 million USD or EUR) + low volatility filter (The 50 stocks with lowest volatility meeting diversification constraints) + geographical and sectorial diversification (max. 25% stocks from the same sector; min. 10% and max. 50% stocks from the same region - Europe, America, Asia) + equally-weighted + volatility control (10% volatility cap for USD; 8% for EUR) + adjustment factor (3% p.a.)
  3. Offers investors an opportunity to finance IFC projects that aim to address access to essential services, income generation etc. to underserved target populations The program incorporates the four core components of the Green Bond Principles as recommended by the Social Bond Guidelines: I.Use of proceeds -Investments in companies that source directly from smallholder farmers; provide utilities that provide for low-income households; offer affordable health services, education, or housing to low-income people, lending to financial intermediaries with the requirement that the proceeds of IFC’s loan be on-lent to women-owned enterprises II.Process for project evaluation and selection -selected from IFC’s loan portfolio by specialists III.Management of proceeds –proceeds segregated and invested by IFC’s Treasury in accordance with IFC’s liquid asset management investment guidelines IV.Reporting -On an annual basis, IFC will publish the list of projects which have received funding from social bond proceeds in the previous year. Subject to confidentiality approvals Eligible Projects will generally involve investments in: Companies that source directly from smallholder farmers Utilities (e.g. Electricity, gas, water) that provide low-income households with better access to services Companies that provide health or education services, or housing to low-income populations in more affordable ways Companies that provide goods and services to low-income populations Companies that provide access to telecommunication and payment platforms in markets that include the low-income segment Lending to financial intermediaries with the requirement that the proceeds of IFC’s loan be on-lent to women-owned enterprises
  4. How were the Principles developed? The Principles were developed by the International Finance Corporation (IFC), drawing on its own impact management practices, and consulting with a range of asset owners, asset managers, asset allocators, multilateral development banks (MDBs), and development finance institutions (DFIs), including the collaborating institutions listed in this guide. The Principles draw on emerging best practices across a range of public and private institutions that are investing for impact. These include MDBs and DFIs that have both financial and development impact objectives, and decades of experience investing for impact in emerging markets. The Principles also draw on the more recent experience of specialist impact funds and asset managers that have developed robust impact management systems. In addition, they build on industry-wide initiatives around impact management, including the Impact Management Project (IMP). How can the Principles be used, and by whom? The Principles are intended to be a reference point for investors for the design and implementation of their impact management systems. They may be implemented through different types of systems, which are designed to be fit for purpose for different types of institutions and funds. They do not prescribe specific tools and approaches, or specific impact measurement frameworks. They do not provide guidance on how they are to be implemented. The ambition is that industry participants will continue to learn from each other as they implement the Principles. Each asset owner and asset manager would align their management systems to the Principles. However, the manner in which the Principles are applied will differ by type of investor and institution. Asset owners and asset managers may apply the Principles to the relevant parts of their portfolios. For example, asset owners and their advisors may use the Principles to screen impact investment opportunities. Asset managers and their advisors may use the Principles to assure investors that impact funds are managed in a robust fashion.