ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE
o INTRODUCTION:
An action of a subject, in relation to an object, is
expressed in two ways:
“These two ways of expressing action of a subject are known as
Voices”

ACTIVE VOICE :
A form or set of forms of a verb in which the subject is typically
the person or thing performing the action and which can take a direct object.
Examples:
1. My dad purchased wood to build a new pergola for our backyard.
2.The chicken crossed the road.
3. Corinne makes pancakes every Sunday.
4. My parents will take us to the park
5. I am going to read the book.
In each of these sentences, the subject comes before the verb and object..The
subject is “doing” the verb in the sentence.This is called the active voice.
Formation Of ActiveVoice:
Active sentences are formed when the subject
completes the action of the sentence.Whether or not the subject is the first
word of the sentence, active voice is used if the subject “does” the verb.
Example :
I walked.
In this sentence, “I” doing the action of verb(walked).”I” chronologically
I comes before the verb,walked.

Basic principle:
1. Start with a subject.
2.Add a verb (after the subject).
3.Add any modifiers.
“ Subject+Verb+Object ”

• PASSIVE VOICE :
A form or set of forms of a
verb in which the subject undergoes the action of
the verb.
• Examples :
My laptop was stolen.
NapaValley is known for its excellent wines.
A book was written.
The house was renovated last week.
The function is ruined.

 Types Of PassiveVoice:
1.Short Passive – In this type of construction,
the subject or the performer is not known. For
instance, in the phrase “a mistake is made,” there is
no subject, or the subject is unknown.
 2.Long Passive – In this type of construction, the
object becomes the subject of the sentence. For
instance, in the sentence, “The house was cleaned
by aunty,” the object “the house” has become the
subject.

Rule#1 :-
Reverse the structure of sentence
The places of subject and object will
interchange.The subject will shift to the place of object
and object will take place of subject in passive voice.
Examples :
You write a letter.( Active voice)
A letter is write by you.(Passive voice)
I was greeting him.(Active voice)
He was greeted by me.(Passive voice)
Rule#2 :-
Use of 3rd form
Only past participle or 3rd form of verb will always be
used as main verb in passive voices for all tenses. No other
form of verb will be used as main verb.

Rule#3 :-
Use of “by”
The word “by”will be used before subject in passive
voice.
Examples :-
Water is drunk by her
I am being cheated by you.
Rule#4
Use of “with or to”
Other words such as ”with” or “to” may
also be used instead of word ‘by’ depending upon the
subject of the sentence.These words are used in a very
few cases.The word ’by’ used in most cases.
Example :-
He is known to me
A tub is filled with water.

Rule#5 :-
Auxiliary words
The auxiliary verb will be changed in passive
voice depending upon the tense of changing in its
active voice.Thbese are rules for changing the
auxiliary for each tense.
Rule#6 :-
Subject Mention
Subject may not always mentioned in
passive voice. Passive voice for some sentences can
also be written without having subject,if it gives clear
idea about the subject.
Examples :-
Women are not treated as equals.
Sugar is sold in kilogram.