PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS

1. A PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUE TO ASSESS
PERSONALITY

2. SABA SHABIR
THE ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY, PAKISTAN

3.  An inexplicit construct which is invoked to explain
behavioral consistency within persons and
behavioral distinctiveness between
persons.(Gregory, 2004)
 Assessment of personality traits
 Dynamic motivation
 Personal adjustment
 Psychiatric symptomatology
 Social skills
 Attitudinal characteristics

4.  A projective test, in which subjects responses to
inkblots are recorded and analyzed, using
psychological interpretation.
 A Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Hermann
Rorschach (1884-1922) devised the inkblot test in
1921.
 He wrote a book Psychodiagnostics, in 1921

5.  Test was relied on psychoanalytical theory
 Basic purpose is to assess unconscious, as subject
project inner feelings towards inkblot
 Test can provide insight into thought process
 First formulated to diagnose Schizophrenia
 In 1939, it was included in Projective Techniques

6.  Interpretation: Perception with consciousness of
assimilative efforts
 Perception: Assimilation without consciousness of
assimilative efforts

7.  Number of responses (average 15 to 30 responses)
 Reaction time ( average 20 to 30 minutes)
 Failure to answer

8.  frequently recurring themes are termed as F+
 less clear are called F-
 F% indicates:
 the acute perception
 sharp visualization
 associative factors and
 some aspects of intelligence

9.  Also divided into M+ and M- as good and poor
movement respectively, depending upon their
correspondence to the considered figure
 High M= introvert
 Low M= extrovert

10.  Primary M: F and M are perceived at the same time
 Secondary M: first F and then M is perceived
 Extension movements= self-assertion
 Flexion movements= passive and resigned

11.  Primary color answers (C) :
Interpretation is determined by the color of the
figure alone without any significant consideration of
the form.
 It indicates impulsiveness

12.  Color-form answers (CF) :
The interpretation is primarily determined by the
color of the blot, but the form in not entirely
disregarded.
 Representative of emotional instability, irritability,
sensitivity and suggestibility

13.  Form-color response (FC):
The interpretation is based primarily on the form
but is also influenced significantly by the color
 Indicates emotional instability, but also desire to
adapt
 capability for formation of rapport

14.  M balances the unit C:
 M > color : means affective tone is stable
 M < color : more impulsiveness and affective
 Color-shock:
Response of emotion suppressors
 Emotion controllers: prefer blue and green, and
avoid red

15.  Whole answers (W): primary or secondary
 Detail answer (D): most striking detail of figure
 Small detail answer (Dd): unusual detail
 Intermediate Form (S): white area on card is
perceived
 Oligophrenic detail (do): based on only a minute
and single detail

16.  Rigid
 Orderly
 Loose succession
 Scattered

17.  Animal forms (A) or animal part (Ad)
 25% to 50% normally
 Imaginative person gives less than 35%
 50% and above indicates stereotyped behavior
 Human form (H) or human part (Hd)
 Inanimate objects
 Landscapes (Ldscp.)

18.  Original responses (creative)
 Popular responses ( response of many subjects in
population or a common response)

19.  Testing atmosphere and seating arrangements
 Materials (stop-watch, location chart, pencil and
Rorschach inkblot cards)
 Procedure:
 Free-association phase
 Inquiry phase

20.  Scoring:
1. Responses on each card and position of card
2. Reaction time
3. Location (W, D, Dd, S)
4. Determinant (M, F, FC, CF, C)
5. Content (H, Hd, A, Ad, Obj.)
6. Popular/original
7. Psychograph
8. F% and A%
9. Qualitative analysis

21.  Many studies point to low reliability and a general
lack of predictive validity (Carslon, Kaula, & St.
Laurent, 1997; Peterson, 1978; Lanyon, 1984).
 Rorschach explained a dismal 8 to 13 percent of
variance in client characteristics, as compared to
the MMPI, which explained 23 to 30 percent of
variance. (Grab, Florio, and Grove, 1998.)
 Improvements in scoring offered by Exner are more
optimistic in outcome (Exner, 1995).

22. Question session…

33. Thank you…