1.
CLOUD COMPUTING:THE GAME
CHANGER

2.
1.What is Cloud Computing..?
2.A brief history of Cloud Computing.
3.Basic Terminologies Of the Cloud
4.Structure and Functioning of the
Cloud.
5.Present Scope Of the Cloud.
6.Its future potentials and uses
7.Companies investing heavily on the
cloud.

3.
What is Cloud Computing…?
The Cloud
The Cloud is an archaic The simplest A similar
These services are
term used to describe example of cloud parallelism can be
provided to the
the internet in its early computing services drawn with the
phases of development user on a
is your G-mail electricity grid
.Today the internet is subscription
account,where you where the user only
all pervasive and all basis,just like the
encompassing just like don’t have worry receives the end
mobile service
the geographical about how your product of the
providers who
cloud.Here the end mails are stored or transmission line he
user gets access to the provide talktime to
accessed by the is not concerned
software,hardware the user on the
servers hence you with how the power
and all other such basis and type of
types of services and only use data is generated or how
your subscription.
apps. abstraction it is transmitted.

4.
A brief history of the cloud……….
The underlying concept of cloud computing dates back to the 1960s, when John
McCarthy opined that "computation may someday be organised as a public
utility." Almost all the modern-day characteristics of cloud computing (elastic
provision, provided as a utility, online, illusion of infinite supply), the comparison
to the electricity industry and the use of public, private, government, and
community forms, were thoroughly explored in Douglas Parkhill's 1966 book,
The Challenge of the Computer Utility. Other scholars have shown that cloud
computing's roots go all the way back to the 1950s when scientist Herb Grosch
postulated that the entire world would operate on dumb terminals powered by
about 15 large data centers.
The actual term "cloud" borrows from telephony in that telecommunications
companies, who until the 1990s offered primarily dedicated point-to-point data
circuits, began offering Virtual Private Network (VPN) services with comparable
quality of service but at a much lower cost. By switching traffic to balance
utilisation as they saw fit, they were able to utilise their overall network
bandwidth more effectively. The cloud symbol was used to denote the
demarcation point between that which was the responsibility of the provider
and that which was the responsibility of the user. Cloud computing extends this
boundary to cover servers as well as the network infrastructure.

5.
Basic Terminologies………..
Cloud application services or "Software as a
Service (SaaS)" deliver software as a service over
the Internet, eliminating the need to install and run
the application on the customer's own computers
and simplifying maintenance and support.
Cloud platform services, also known as platform as a service (PaaS),
deliver a computing platform and/or solution stack as a service,
often consuming cloud infrastructure and sustaining cloud
applications.It facilitates deployment of applications without the
cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying
hardware and software layers
Cloud infrastructure services, also known as "infrastructure as a
service" (IaaS), deliver computer infrastructure – typically a platform
virtualisation environment – as a service, along with raw (block)
storage and networking. Rather than purchasing servers, software,
data-center space or network equipment, clients instead buy those
resources as a fully outsourced service.
The servers layer consists of computer hardware and/or computer
software products that are specifically designed for the delivery of
cloud services, including multi-core processors, cloud-specific
operating systems and combined offerings

6.
PaaS
Platform as a service (PaaS) is a category of cloud computing services that provide a
computing platform and a solution stack as a service. In the classic layered model of cloud
computing, the PaaS layer lies between the SaaS and the IaaS layers.
PaaS offerings facilitate the deployment of applications without the cost and complexity
of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software and provisioning hosting
capabilities,providing all of the facilities required to support the complete life cycle of
building and delivering web applications and services entirely available from the Internet.
PaaS offerings may include facilities for application design, application development,
testing, deployment and hosting as well as application services such as team
collaboration, web service integration and marshalling, database integration, security,
scalability, storage, persistence, state management, application versioning, application
instrumentation and developer community facilitation. These services may be provisioned
as an integrated solution over the web.

7.
Basic terminologies Contd……
Software as a service sometimes referred to
as "on-demand software," is a software
delivery model in which software and its
associated data are hosted centrally
(typically in the (Internet) cloud) and are
typically accessed by users using a thin client,
normally using a web browser over the
Internet.
SaaS has become a common delivery model
for most business applications, including
accounting, collaboration, customer
relationship management (CRM), enterprise
resource planning (ERP), invoicing, human
resource management (HRM), content
management (CM) and service desk
management. SaaS has been incorporated
into the strategy of all leading enterprise
software companies.

8.
IaaS
Infrastructure as a service the term forms the outer
layer of the cloud services here the hardware is
provided to the clients through the internet,the
hardware like any cloud software is also a shared
resource with multiple tenancy, and the supplier
charges the user according to the scale and period of
time for which the service has been used.For
example the google cloud print is such a Iaas where
the user can print from any of the company’s printer
using the cloud.Thus its like leasing the infrastructure
on a supply and demand basis.

9.
Cloud Architecture…….
Cloud architecture,the systems architecture of the
software systems involved in the delivery of cloud
computing, typically involves multiple cloud components
communicating with each other over a loose coupling
mechanism such as a messaging queue.The various
layers like the PaaS,IaaS,SaaS communicate with each
other and the client primarily using the internet as the
communication medium.The general model of the cloud
can be changed to suit the needs of the clients depending
upon this we have several types of cloud models

10.
Public cloud
Public cloud describes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream sense, whereby resources
are dynamically provisioned to the general public on a fine-grained, self-service basis over the
Internet, via web applications/web services, from an off-site third-party provider who bills on a
fine-grained utility computing basis.[
Community cloud
Community cloud shares infrastructure between several organizations from a specific community
with common concerns (security, compliance, jurisdiction, etc.), whether managed internally or b
a third-party and hosted internally or externally. The costs are spread over fewer users than a
public cloud (but more than a private cloud), so only some of the benefits of cloud computing are
realized.
Hybrid cloud
Hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain
unique entities but are bound together, offering the benefits of multiple deployment models. It
can also be defined as a multiple cloud systems that are connected in a way that allows programs
and data to be moved easily from one deployment system to another.
Private cloud
Private cloud is infrastructure operated solely for a single organization, whether managed
internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally.
They have attracted criticism because users "still have to buy, build, and manage them" and thus
do not benefit from lower up-front capital costs and less hands-on management, essentially
"lacking the economic model that makes cloud computing such an intriguing concept".

11.
Present Cloud market…………..
Forrester, an analyst firm predicts that the cloud will
generate greater revenue potential which can clearly be seen
from Amazon Web Services, the undisputed commodity IaaS
revenue leader. Investment bank, UBS reported that AWS
earning statement could jump from $550 million in 2010 to
$750 million in 2011. This year, AWS reveals that its S3 storage
service hosts doubled as it now hosts more than 262 billion
objects.
Microsoft’s Windows Azure platform is at the
center of its cloud efforts that has attracted a
number of customers. Among them are Toyota,
the Associated Press and Intuit.
On the first half of 2011, PaaS providers address
the concern about lack of control and lack of
choice. Based from the survey, “Complexity” is
the major issue that PaaS seeks to eliminate;
followed by Interoperability” and “Lock-in.”
Some reported that SaaS has inspired
Everything as a Service, where any IT process
or application or business function is available
as a service. Gartner estimated SaaS to reach
$10.7 billion in 2011. Another analyst firm, IDC,
predicts a $72.9 billion cloud services market
by 2015.

12.
Cloud storage is defined as the independent storage services in the cloud and is the most
widely deployed cloud services. It is currently being used to backup data, although it also
serves as primary file- or content-storage options for web applications, like for Amazon’s
Simple Storage Service (S3).
Cloud storage is risk-free as data is already stored elsewhere without the need to be accessed
by production applications. However, it is not really good at primary storage as it needs high
levels of features, network performance and availability
Nasuni is a company that is making a name in primary cloud storage. It uses a virtual gateway
to route files securely and reliably to cloud storage infrastructure from a number of providers.
The innovation on cloud storage will focus on primary storage for enterprise applications in the
cloud. As vendors such as HP and Dell have storage businesses and public clouds, they could
benefit from leveraging their storage expertise to make primary cloud storage a reality.
However, companies deciding for primary cloud storage must innovate on data-transport front.
It won’t be attractive for customers if they rely only on the public Internet for uploading and
downloading primary data.
Cloud storage providers will also push for new privacy regulations.
Recently Michael Dell the founder of DELL computers has said that DELL will venture into the
cloud computing market with cloud storage.

13.
Some noteworthy names:
Apple has recently launched icloud,which provides all three forms of cloud computing
IaaS,PaaS,SaaS.
icloud is a free platform for apple users only.
Then we have Google which has recently ventured in this space with Google App Engine and Google
Music which is a direct rival to the iTunes. Google is developing these tools for its web space and also
its android market.
The discussion will be incomplete if we don’t take into account the open source softwares,RedHat the
most famous vendor of Linux has decided to develop a cloud system.
Recently a group of students from UC Berkeley,California have tapped into the vast resources of the
cloud to develop a search engine called “KLOUDLESS”
IBM has also revived some of its former glory by entering the cloud computing arena and success fully
developing better technology compared to its peers

14.
Key Features:
Multiple-
Empowerment Scalability
Tenancy
Reliability and
Maintenance
Security

15.
India is virtually an untapped market in the field of Cloud computing although it has one of the
largest IT industry in the world.In a developing nation like India cloud computing will come as a
boon,since most people can’t afford the hardware required to set up a network or even a comput
they need to be dependent on the cloud to provide them with the resources necessary.Most rural
colleges ,schools,will be able to experience the best of the World Wide Web through the Cloud.It i
estimated that about 41% of Indian will live in the cities by 2025,compared to the present 30%.We
can see that this technology will penetrate every aspect of our daily lives just as the mobile phone
have done in the past.India has the largest number of mobile phone users and soon can dream to
be the largest provider and user of the Cloud computing services.
According to the recent Cloud Expo ,the engineers have expressed great confidence in India as
being one of its strongest and largest emerging markets.They have also discussed that albeit the
technology is the future of IT and presently its new Buzzword,we must be cautious that it become
an open sesame to furthering technological advancement and not End up becoming a perfect
recipe for another “DOT-COM” bubble.

16.
1.Rupak Chakraborty(IIT2011031).
2.Suryadip Kumar(IIT2011024).
3.Chintu Kumar(IIT2011023).
4.Nitish Jain(IIT2011025).
5.Manish Yadav(IEC2011078)
6.Ankit Goswami(IIT2011061)
7.Siyaram Malav(IIT2011063)