endocrinology assosiated with cardiovascular disease

1. Endocrinology Assosiated
With Cardiovascular
Disease
PresentedBy
Rubab

2. Introduction
The endocrine system is one of difficult systems of the body. This system controls
many of the biochemical pathways that occur in your body. The core tool used by
the endocrine system is a compound called a hormone.
If we talk about its interaction with cardiovascular system so the circulatory system
is the transport system for endocrine information, the endocrine chemicals and
hormones must circulate through the body via blood vessels. Proper functioning of
the endocrine system is essential to the health of the cardiovascular system.
If the hormones of the endocrine system have any abnormality it can produce its
effect on heart which lead to cardiovascular diseases.

3. CVD associated with endocrinology
Cardiomyopathy:
Cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease of the myocardium, or heart muscle. In most cases,
the heart muscle weakens and is unable to pump blood to the rest of the body as well as it
should. Beside other several factors the hormone which is involved in Cardiomyopathy is
thyroid hormone.
Thyroid disease affects the heart either by producing too little thyroid hormone
(called hypothyroidism) or too much thyroid hormone (called hyperthyroidism). Both
types of thyroid disorders are common and both can have a significant effect on the heart.

4. Effect of thyroid gland:
Thyroid hormone or thyroid gland affects the heart in two
ways:
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypothyroidism
1. Hyperthyroidism:
Hyperthyroidism is caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormone. Excess thyroid
hormone increases the force of contraction of the heart muscle and increases the amount of
oxygen demanded by the heart. It also increases the heart rate. As a result, the work of the
heart is greatly increased.

5. Symptoms:
 Fast heart rate (tachycardia):
 Systolic hypertension
 Dyspnea
 Heart failure
 Worsening angina
Treatment:
Most doctors immediately opt for ablating the overactive thyroid gland with radioactive
iodine. They then give the patient thyroid hormone pills since the thyroid gland is no longer
functional. While using drugs to partially suppress the thyroid gland (such as Tapazole or PTU)

6. 2.Hypothyroidism:
Thyroid hormone is very important for normal cardiovascular function. When there is not
enough thyroid hormone, neither the heart nor the blood vessels can function normally.
In hypothyroidism, the reduced level of thyroid hormone causes the heart muscle to pump less
vigorously and eventually to become weakened. In addition, the heart muscle cannot fully
relax after each heartbeat.

7. Symptoms:
 Slow heart rate (bradycardia)
 Diastolic hypertension
 Worsening of heart failure or new onset of heart failure
 Edema (swelling)
Treatment:
The drug which is used in hypothyroidism is levothyroxin. With levothyroxine, many physicians
believe that taking the drug first thing in the morning (on an empty stomach) allows for the
best absorption. There are some foods, medications, and common supplements that should
be avoided for at least three hours after taking thyroid medication because food may affect
the absorption of thyroid hormone by binding with it, decreasing access to absorption sites in
the intestine or altering the rate at which it dissolves.

8. Hypertenstion
And
Menopause Heart
Palpitations Or Arrhythmia

9. Hypertenstion
• Blood pressure is the pressure of blood against the
blood vessel walls as the heart pumps. When someone
has hypertension , the heart and arteries have a much
heavier workload. The heart has to pump harder and the
arteries are under greater strain as they carry blood.

10. Symptoms:
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Nausea & vomiting
• Chest pain & shortness of
breath
• Irregular heartbeat
• Decrease sleep
• Confusion, decrease memory

11. Causes:
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Kidney problems
• Adrenal gland tumors
• Thyroid problems

12. Hormonal Causesof Hypertension:
• Primary Hyperaldosteronism:
Primary aldosteronism is a hormonal disorder
that leads to high blood pressure. It occurs
when your adrenal glands produce too much of
a hormone called aldosterone.

13. Cont…
• Your adrenal glands produce a number of
essential hormones, including aldosterone.
Usually, aldosterone balances sodium and
potassium in your blood. But too much of this
hormone can cause you to lose potassium and
retain sodium. That imbalance can cause your
body to hold too much water, increasing your
blood volume and blood pressure.

14. Complications:
• Stroke
• Heart Attack
• Kidney Failure
• Vision problem
• Pregnancy complications

15. Treatment:
• The category of medication
your doctor prescribes depends
on your blood pressure
measurements and your other
medical problems.
• Thiazide diuretics. Diuretics,
sometimes called water pills,
are medications that act on
your kidneys to help your body
eliminate sodium and water,
reducing blood volume.

16. Menopause heartpalpitations or arrhythmia:
• Heart palpitations are also called irregular
heartbeats or arrhythmia. These are
heartbeats that are suddenly more noticeable
than regular heartbeats.

17. CausesOf MenopauseHeartPalpitations:
• A woman who sometimes feels her heart racing or
missing a beat could have menopause heart
palpitations.
• Heart palpitations are a direct result of lower
levels of the female hormone estrogen, which
leads to an overstimulation of the heart.

18. Heartdiseaseriskand menopause:
• Women, in general, have a lower risk of being
affected by coronary heart disease (CHD) before
the menopause. Afterward, the risk of CHD
increases and continues to rise.
• Heart disease risk goes up for everyone, as they
get older. But for women, there is a marked
increase after menopause.

19. ATHEROSCLEROSIS
AND
ANGINA

20. ATEROSCLEROSIS
 Atherosclerosis is a disease
in which plaque builds up
inside your arteries.
Arteries are blood vessels
that carry oxygen-rich
blood to your heart and
other parts of your body.
 Plaque is made up of fat,
cholesterol, calcium, and
other substances found in
the blood. Over time,
plaque hardens and
narrows your arteries.

21.  Estrogens prevent heart disease in women and have also
been shown to retard atherosclerosis. Estrogens may act
at several steps in the atherosclerosis process to prevent
cardiovascular disease.Estrogens may also affect the later
stages of atherosclerosis.
higher levels of testosterone might increase the risk of
atherosclerosis.
testosterone supplementation in men would adversely
affect the plasma lipoprotein profile, therefore increasing
the risk of atherosclerotic heart disease.

22. SYMPTOMS OF
ATHERSOSCLEROSIS
• chest pain or angina.
• pain in your leg, arm,
• shortness of breath.
• fatigue.
• muscle weakness in your legs from lack
of circulation.

23. CAUSES
atherosclerosis may start with damage or injury to the
inner layer of an artery. The damage may be caused by:
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• High triglycerides, a type of fat (lipid) in your blood
• Smoking and other sources of tobacco
• Insulin resistance, obesity or diabetes

24. Coronary artery disease:
When atherosclerosis narrows the arteries close to your heart, you may develop
coronary artery disease, which can cause chest pain (angina), a heart attack or heart
failure.
Carotid artery disease: When atherosclerosis narrows the arteries close to
your brain, you may develop carotid artery disease, which can cause a transient
ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke.
Peripheral artery disease: When atherosclerosis narrows the arteries in
your arms or legs, you may develop circulation problems in your arms and legs called
peripheral artery disease. This can make you less sensitive to heat and cold,
increasing your risk of burns.
COMPLICATIONS

25. DIAGNOSIS
Blood Tests - blood tests check
the levels of certain fats,
cholesterol, sugar, and proteins in
your blood.
Chest X Ray - a chest x ray
takes a picture of the organs and
structures inside the chest,
including the heart, lungs, and
blood vessels - a chest x ray can
also reveal signs of heart failure.

26. PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
PREVENTION
• The same healthy lifestyle
changes recommended to treat
atherosclerosis also help prevent
it. These include:
• Quitting smoking
• Eating healthy foods
• Exercising regularly
• Maintaining a healthy
weight
TREATMENT
• eating a healthy diet and
exercising, are often the
most appropriate treatment
for atherosclerosis
• Sometimes, medication or
surgical procedures may be
recommended as well.

27. ANGINA
 Angina is chest pain or
discomfort caused when
your heart muscle
doesn't get enough
oxygen-rich blood. It may
feel like pressure or
squeezing in your chest.
 The discomfort also can
occur in your shoulders,
arms, neck, jaw, or back.
Angina pain may even
feel like indigestion.

28. SYMPTOMS
Angina symptoms include:
• Chest pain
• squeezing,
• burning
• Pain in your arms,
neck, jaw, shoulder or
back.
• Nausea
• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath

29. DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT
DIAGNOSIS
• Electrocardiogram
• Echocardiogram
• Blood tests.
• Chest X-ray.
•
TREATMENT
• Nitrates. ...
• Aspirin. ...
• Clot-preventing drugs. ..
• Blood pressure-lowering
medications.