1. Demographic Analysis
of Nepal
By: Rohan Byanjankar

2. Demographic Composition of Nepalese Society
• Census Analysis
• Ethnic Society
• Gender Composition
• Regional Composition
• Ecological Composition
• Religious Composition
• Caste Composition
• Fertility/Migration/Mortality

3. SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS
• Demography
• Demography is the systematic study of population. Demography
can be separated into two words Demo means people, and Graphy
means study.
• Population
• Population can be defined as the total number of people living in a
specific area over a specific time period. It can also be defined as a
collective group of organism of same species occupying a
particular space over a specific period of time.

4. • Population density
• Population density can be defines as the total number of people
living in a certain area such as per square kilometer or per square
miles and so on.
• 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑘𝑚2 𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑖2
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS

5. • Population composition
• Population composition can be defined as the distribution of
population according to demographic characteristics (age, sex,
marital status) and socio-economic characteristics (language,
mother tongue, religion, caste, and ethnicity).
• Census
• Population census can be defined as the national level survey of
population that records various records of individuals. The census
is taken in every ten years in Nepal. It is generally referred as
national population and housing census.
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS

6. • History of census in world and Nepal
• In the world history, the first census was taken in 3340 BC in
Egypt; followed by Greek census in 1600 BC; Chinese census in 2
AD during Han Dynasty; Indian census in 300 BCE during the time
of Chandragupta Maurya in the guidance of Kautilya.
• In Nepal, the history of census is not very old. It started in 1911
AD.
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS

7. Difference between De facto and De jure Method

8. • Ethnic society
• Ethnic society can be defined as the group of people who are living
in a certain geographical region and share common language,
culture, occupation, tradition, belief system, and so on. There are
about 125 ethnic groups in Nepal as of 2011.
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS

9. • Gender composition
• Gender is the role expected by the society from male, female, and
non-heterogeneous individuals. Gender is socially constructed, so
is true in social reality but might be false in natural reality.
• Gender composition defined as the total number of male, female,
and non-heterogeneous individuals living in a particular area in a
specific time period.
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS

10. • Regional composition
• Nepal has been divided in five development region. Initially, there
were only four development region (2028), and was made five in
2038 by splitting larger far western development region into Mid-
western and Far western development regions.
• The distribution of population in these development regions is
called regional composition.
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS

11. • Religious Composition
• The belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers in
which a large number of people believe in; every religion calls for
purity of linage.
• The distribution of population according to religion is called
religious composition.
• Caste Composition
• Caste system is the closed system that is only found in Hinduism
and is based on Manu Smiriti.
• The distribution of population of according to caste of people is
called Caste Composition.
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS

12. • Fertility
• Fertility is the ability to conceive children. The TFR represents the
average number of children a woman would potentially have, were
she to fast-forward through all her childbearing years in a single
year, under all the age-specific fertility rates for that year.
• TFR =
number of live birth during the year
Number of married women 15−45
× 1000
• Fecundity
• Fecundity refers to potential to reproduce or how much a
single person can reproduce?
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS

13. • Migration
• Migration refers to the act of shifting the settlement from one
location to other location due to marriage, employment, natural
calamities, and so on. The migration affects the environment of
both places.
• Mortality
• Mortality means a state of being subject to death. Mortality rate can
be defined as the total number of deaths in a particular area in a
specific time period generally expressed in terms of 1000.
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS

14. Census Analysis

15. Census Analysis (General Population)
• According to 1981 census, the total population was 15,022,893 and the
growth rate estimated 2.52%
• According to 1991 census, the total population was 18,491,097 and the
growth rate estimated 2.08%
• According to 2001 census, the total population was 23,151,423 and the
growth rate estimated 2.25%
• According to 2011 census, the total population was 26,494,504 and the
growth rate estimated 1.35%
Census Analysis

16. Year Total Population Annual Growth rate
1961 9412996 1.64
1971 11555983 2.05
1981 15,022,893 2.52
1991 18,491,097 2.08
2001 23,151,423 2.25
2011 26,494,504 1.35
2031 (Prediction) 33,597,032 -
Census Analysis

17. 0
5000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
30000000
35000000
40000000
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2031
(Prediction)
Total Population
Total Population
Census Analysis

18. Urban and Rural Population

19. Sex ratio (number of males per 100 females):
• Sex ratio: 105 in 1981 and 99 in 1991.
• Decreased from 99.8 in 2001 to 94.2 in 2011.
• In abstract number, there are 796,422 more females than males in the
country (As of 2011).
• Sex ratio is highest (127) in Manang district and lowest (76) in
Gulmi district.
Census Analysis

20. Year Sex ratio (in 100 female)
1981 105
1991 99
2001 99.8
2011 94.2
Census Analysis

21. 105
99
99.8
94.2
1981 1991 2001 2011
SEX RATIO (IN 100 FEMALE)
Sex ratio (in 100 female)
Census Analysis

22. Population Pyramid

23. Population Density:
• Population at the national level is 180 in 2011 compared to 157 in
2001.
• The highest population density is found in Kathmandu district (4,416
person per square km) and lowest (3 person per square km) in
Manang District.
Census Analysis

25. Caste/Ethnicity:
• There are 125 caste/ethnic groups reported in the census 2011.
• Chhetri is the largest caste/ethnic groups having 16.6% (4,398,053)
• Brahman-Hill (12.2% ; 3,226,903),
• Magar (7.1% ; 1,887,733),
• Tharu (6.6% ; 1,737,470), Tamang (5.8% ; 1,539,830),
• Newar (5.0% ; 1,321,933),
• Kami (4.8% ; 1,258,554), Musalman (4.4% ; 1,164,255), Yadav
(4.0% ; 1,054,458) and Rai (2.3% ; 620,004).
Census Analysis

26. Tabular Analysis
Year Chhetri Bhramin
hill
Magar Tharu Tamang Newar Muslim Kami Yadhav
2001 15.8 12.7 7.1 6.8 5.6 5.5 4.3 3.9 3.9
2011 16.6 12.2 7.1 6.6 5.8 5.0 4.4 4.8 4

27. Graphical Analysis
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Chhetri Bhramin
hill
Magar Tharu Tamang Newar Muslim Kami Yadhav
Caste Composition of Population
2001 2011

28. Mother Tongue:
• There are 123 languages spoken as mother tongue reported in census
2011.
• Nepali is spoken as mother tongue by 44.6 percent (11,826,953)
• Maithili (11.7% 3,092,530), Bhojpuri (6.0%; 1,584,958),
• Tharu (5.8%; 1,529,875), Tamang (5.1%; 1,353,311),
• Newar (3.2%; 846,557), Bajjika (3.0%; 793,418),
• Magar (3.0%; 788,530), Doteli (3.0%; 787,827), Urdu (2.6%; 691,546).
Census Analysis

29. Tabular Analysis
Year Nepali Maithili Bhojpuri Tharu Tamang Newar Bajjika Magar Deteli
1981 58.36 11.11 7.61 3.63 3.48 2.99 1.56 1.42 1.47
1991 50.31 11.85 7.46 5.37 4.89 3.37 2.03 2.33 1.63
2001 48.61 12.3 7.53 5.86 5.19 3.63 2.47 3.39 2.47
2011 44.6 11.7 6 5.8 5.1 3.2 3 3 3

30. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Nepali Maithili Bhojpuri Tharu Tamang Newar Bajjika Magar Deteli
Linguistic Composition of Population
1981
1991
2001
2011
Graphical Analysis

31. • Religion: There are ten types of religion categories reported in the
census. Hinduism is
followed by 81.3 percent (21,551,492) of the population while
Buddhism (9.0%; 2,396,099), Islam (4.4%; 1,162,370),
• Kirat (3.1%; 807,169), Christianity (1.4%; 375,699),
• Prakriti (0.5%; 121,982), Bon (13,006),
• Jainism (3,214), Bahai (1,283) and Sikhism (609).
Census Analysis

32. Tabular Analysis
Religion↓ / Year → 1991 2001 2011
Hinduism 89.5 80.62 81.3
Buddhism 5.3 10.74 9
Muslim 2.7 4.20 4.4
Kirata - 3.60 3.1
Christian - 0.45 1.4
Others 2.5 0.39 0.8

33. Graphical Analysis
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hinduism Buddhism Muslim Kirata Christian Others
Religions in Nepal (1991, 2001, 2011)
1991 2001 2011

34. Population distribution by Age (2011)
Age Group Population Percentage
0-15 9248246 34.90628
15-60 15091848 56.96218
60+ 2154410 8.131536
Total 26494504 100
0
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
10000000
12000000
14000000
16000000
0-15 15-60 60+
Population by age
Population

36. Population by ecological zones

37. Ecological distribution (2011)

38. Population by ecological zones

39. Region↓ / Year→ 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Mountain 9.9 8.7 7.8 7.3 6.72
Hilly 52.5 47.7 45.5 44.3 43
Terai 37.6 43.6 46.7 48.4 50.28
Population by ecological zones

40. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
PercentageofPopulation
Year
Ecological Belt
Mountain Hilly Terai
Population by ecological zones

41. Regional Composition (2011)

42. EDR
22%
CDR
36%
WDR
19%
MWDR
13%
FWDR
10%
REGIONAL POPULATION
5811555
9656985
4926795
3546682
2552517
0
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
10000000
12000000
EDR CDR WDR MWDR FWDR
Population
Development Region
REGIONAL POPULATION
Series1
Regional Composition (2011)

43. Marital Status

44. Year Mortality
1961 325.9
1971 264.9
1981 204.4
1991 135.3
2001 77
2011 43.2
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Mortalityper1000 Year
Mortality under 5 years
Mortality Rate per 10000 live births.

45. Year 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2016 (est.)
Birth per women 5.99 5.96 5.72 5.09 3.92 2.50 2.21
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2016 (est.)
Birthperwomen
Year
Birth per women
Fertility Rate

47. General Overview (Population: 2011)

48. Population Projection

49. Population Projection