The document discusses the Outernet project, which aims to provide free internet access to the entire world using a constellation of CubeSats or small satellites in low Earth orbit. The Outernet satellites would broadcast data via WiFi that could be received using hotspots on the ground. Hundreds of CubeSats would be launched to transmit educational, news, and emergency information. The Outernet system would help bridge the digital divide by serving areas without traditional internet access. It would use disruption tolerant networking protocols to broadcast data to users who could then share content locally. The goal is to deliver a basic level of information globally for free to help more of the world's population access knowledge.

1. OUTERNET
Presented by,
STEFFY ALBERT
CS-B, S7
ROLL NO-84
GUIDED BY-: Dr. SHEENA MATHEW

2. OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
• NEED FOR OUTERNET
• HOW IT WORKS?
• CUBESATS
• DATA SERVICES
• HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
• COMPARISON WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGY
• BENEFITS OF OUTERNET
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
INFORMATION FOR THE WORLD FROM OUER SPACE.
• The Outernet is a global network of cube satellites broadcasting
internet data through Wi-Fi to all people on planet for free.
• Outernet project is currently under development by the Media
Development Investment Fund (MDIF), a US based non-profit
organization established in 1995.

4. • This is not the Internet, nor even really the Web. The data
stream, for all intents and purposes, moves one way.
• Provides a basic level of information and education to the
world for free.
• Outernet’s near-term goal is to provide the entire world with
broadcast data, the long-term vision includes the addition of
two-way Internet access for everyone for free.

5. •MDIF plans to ask NASA to test their Outernet
technology on the International Space Station.
• If everything goes according to plan, the Outernet
could be here by 2015.

6. WHAT PROBLEM IS OUTERNET SOLVING ?
Less than 40% of the global population has access to the
wealth of knowledge found on the Internet.
The price of data in many parts of the world continues to be
unaffordable for the majority of global citizens.
In some places, such as rural areas and remote regions, cell
towers and Internet cables simply don't exist.
The primary objective of the Outernet is to bridge the
global information divide.

7. CONCEPT OF OPERATION
• Satellites are the fastest and cheapest way to reach every
person on Earth.
• Outernet’s Wi-Fi solution works by using hundreds of tiny
10cm cube shaped satellites called “Cubesats”.
• The plan is to launch hundreds of low-cost miniature
satellites, known as Cubesats, into low Earth orbit(LEO).
• Each satellite receives data streams from a network of ground
stations and transmit that data in a continuous loop until new
content is received.

8. CUBESATS
•A CubeSat is a type of miniaturized satellite for space
research with a volume of exactly one liter (10 cm
cube), has a mass of 1.33 kilograms.
• Double or triple configurations are possible. In this case
allowable mass is 2 kg or 3 kg respectively.

9. 4444

10. LAUNCH OF CUBESAT
• Cubesats are launched and deployed using a
mechanism called Poly-Picosatellite Orbit Deployer
(P-POD).
• P-PODs are mounted to a launch vehicle and carry
Cubesats into orbit, then deploy them after proper
signal is received from the launch vehicle.

11. EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF CUBESAT

12. Specifications.
• The standard 10×10×10 cm Cubesat is often called a
1U meaning one unit.
• Cubesats such as “2U” Cubesat (20×10×10 cm) and
“3U” Cubesat (30×10×10 cm)can also be made.
•With their relatively small size, Cubesats could each be
made and launched for an estimated price of $65,000–
$80,000( 40 lakh - 50 lakh).

13. The Outernet project consists of three
segments:
1. SPACE SEGMENT
 Space Segment consists of satellites evenly spaced in circular
equatorial orbit.
2.USER SEGMENT
The user segment consist of clients who wish to use the Outernet
Service via their mobiles or tablets.
3.GROUND SEGMENT
This segment consists of several ground stations spread around
the equator of earth.
 Due to the constellation’s equatorial orbit, each of the satellites
will pass every ground station during every orbit.

14. 1.Outernet transmits over a purpose-built
nanosatellite constellation. An
external hotspot converts the satellite
signals into Wi-Fi.
2.Content delivered is stored and
displayed on hotspot receivers and
devices such as smartphones, tablets,
computers, and USB receivers.
3. Users request content via SMS,
facebook , facebook 0etc. A voting
system creates a queue for
broadcasting.

15. DATA SERVICES
Disruption-Tolerant Datacasting
• Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN)- used to enable
packetized data over space links.
• Unlike session-based Internet protocols, datacasts do not have message
acknowledgements or retransmission requests.
• DTN protocols and techniques give an Internet-like data exchange to
spacecraft.
• Outernet intends to use Wi-Fi technology and standard
international protocols such as DVB, Digital Radio Mondiale, and
UDP-based Wi-Fi multicasting.
• It's the modern version of shortwave radio, or BitTorrent from space.

16. HOW IT WORKS?
1
2
3
4

17. • Users can share the information on their local computer networks.
How is new content requested?
• Currently, there are several different ways users can request new
content from Outernet:

18. SOFTWARE REQIUREMENTS
“Librarian" -Outernet's Content Application
• Librarian is what a user would have installed on their device
that would receive Outernet content and act as their browser.
• Librarian decrypts the broadcast content that has been
downloaded to the device.
• The current version does not provide any search capability.
That feature is planned for future releases.

19. Librarian -:Implementation details
• Multi-language support
Librarian has been built with multi-language support.
• Content signature
Each piece of content (HTML page and/or images) is sent in
encrypted format using GnuPG and 2048- bit encryption
key.
• Storage conservation
In order to conserve bandwidth and storage, all content is
broadcast as zip files.

20. Librarian's startup page.

21. Original Wikipedia page:

22. Page as it appears on Librarian via Outernet

23. SIMILAR TECHNOLOGIES
Google’s Project Loon
• Google’s work to provide Internet coverage for all comes in
the form of balloons.
• The balloons are controlled to rise and descend through layers
of wind to connect with signal bouncing from earth-bound
antennas, skywards and back.
• Outernet and loon two different, non-competing projects.
Project Loon will provide regular internet service--and do so
for a fee.

25. Facebook’s Internet.org
• Where Google is opting for balloons, however,
Facebook is taking a slightly different direction to
connect the world from the sky with drones.
• Facebook’s work is a part of larger initiative called
Internet.org,
• Specifically, Facebook hopes to use solar-powered
drones by Ascenta to beam down Internet connections
from different altitudes and platforms depending on
population density.

26. WHAT WILL OUTERNET DELIVER?
NEWS AND INFORMATION
•International and local news
•Crop prices for farmers
• Government notices
APPLICATIONS AND CONTENT
• Open Street Map, e-books
•Wikipedia in its entirety
•Movies, music, games, soft wares.
COURSEWARE
•Open courseware materials like Khan
Academy , Coursera etc
•Open Source Ecology
EMERGENCY
COMMUNICATIONS
•Used when cellular networks fail
•Disaster relief coordination
•Global notification system

27. Benefits of Outernet
Allow users to bypass any internet censorship policies that their governments have in
place.
The network could also be used as a global notification system during emergencies and
natural disasters, when mobile base stations and power grids go offline.
Less land and material consumed by not building multiple ground stations.
Would aid disaster management and earth observation satellites.
Encrypted, private access to satellite data.
 Increases data throughput and communication opportunities/day.
 Low cost and easy to build/test prototype.
Benefits all satellite applications.
 Building an infrastructure for the future .

28. CONCLUSION
Outernet is an ambitious project that seeks to create a global WI-FI.
 The project has started running simulations this year, and in 2015 the
initiators want to start the construction phase.
Once Outernet comes on air it will deliver web data to the two-thirds
of the planet that has never accessed the Internet.
Additionally, Outernet will offer a humanitarian notification system
during emergencies ,to help coordinate disaster relief and provide the
free flow of information in war-torn or dictatorial countries.

29. REFERENCES
[1] Syed Karim, Aaron Q. Rogers, and Edward J. Birrane:: Small satellite conference Utah:Bridging the
Information Divide, Offering Global Access to Digital Content with a Disruptive CubeSat
Constellation.
[2] NASA. (2010, September) Tracking and Data Relay Satellites (TDRS). [Online].
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/multi/tdrs.html
[3] CubeSatShop.com, CubeSat Summer Workshop at Small Sat Conference. [Online]
Http://www.cubesatshop.com/index.php?page=shop.product_details&flypage=flypage.tpl&product
_id=11&category_id=5&option=com_virtuemart&Itemid=67
[4]Toorian, Armen et. Al, ―CubeSats as Responsive Satellites,‖ Paper no. AIAA-RS3 2005- 3001, AIAA
3rd Responsive Space Conference, Los Angeles, CA, 25-28 April 2005 [4] CubeSat Kit (Pumpkin, Inc.,
San Francisco, CA). http://www.cubesatkit.com
[5] Stephan Horan, "The potential for using LEO telecommunications constellations," International
Journal of Satellite Communications, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 347-361, July 2002.
[6] Swartwout, M. A., “A Brief History of Rideshares (and Attack of The CubeSats),” Aerospace
Conference 2011 IEEE, 1-15 (2011).

30. THANK YOU…..

31. Questions ????