this presentation is help to the first year student for the basic concept of the health & about the various factors that can affect the patient's as well as the patients family member or individual
2. DEFINITION
• According to WHO has defined health as a “state
of complete physical, mental, social & spiritual
well being, & not merely absence of disease or
infirmity”.
4. Environmental
• Environment has the direct impact on the health
of individual, family or community.
• Internal or external & physical, biological &
psychological components of environment
influence the mental, social, spiritual and
physical well-being of individuals.
• It is worth mentioning that Florence Nightingale
had also given importance to environmental
factor in the maintenance of health and care of
the sickness.
5. Political
• Political system has a great effect on the social
climate in which we live.
• Political influences have the power and authority to
regulate much of our surroundings in that, health
care is also included.
• Implementation of any health program cannot be
conducted properly without the strong political will.
• In our country health is a subject of concurrent list,
so there is a need of coordination between the union
and state governments in the health-related matters.
6. Behavioral
• Health system is the mirror of a person’s lifestyle
because faculty and ill habits have the adverse
effect on the health of the individual.
• It is an established fact that culture and ethnic
heritage shape much of our lifestyle including
the health care.
7. Socioeconomic
• Socioeconomic conditions have the major
impact on the health status of any country.
• Education, economy, occupational
opportunities, housing, nutritional level, per
capital income, etc.
8. Health care delivery system
• The health care delivery system plays a great role in
the flied of health, this is considered as a disease-
oriented system, but in our country which has the
second largest population in the world providing
health care services at the grass-roots level is
difficult task.
• Besides the above-mentioned determinants
women’s issue, ageing population, agriculture, social
welfare, rural development, urban improvement,
also have a major impact on the health of the nation,
its families and individuals.
12. Genetic inheritance:
• Hereditary or genetic predisposition to specific
illness is a major physical risk factor.
• For ex: a person with a history of diabetes
mellitus is at risk for developing the disease later
in life.
13. Age:
• Age increases susceptibility to certain illness.
For ex: the risk of cardiovascular disease
increase with age for both sexes.
14. Race
• Race increase susceptibility to certain illness.
• For ex: the risk of sickle cell anemia is more
common in Africans and Mediterranean people.
15. Self-concept
• Self concept implies individual’s perception of
his or physical, intellectual and social abilities.
17. Physical environment:
• The physical environment includes atmospheric
pressures, gravity, light & sound waves,
temperature, humidity, wind velocity, radiation,
electromagnetic fields & seasonal variations, etc.
• The variety of pollutants are found to polluted
air, water, food & soil, and are the cause of
various acute and chronic disease.
18. Biological
• Most of the plants and animals are useful to
human being to promote health but are the same
time, they human being to promote health but
are the same time, the produces like malaria,
insect bites and allergic reactions.
19. Social environment
• The social environment include other people and
social institutions, sociocultutal events, religious
beliefs, moral and ethical values and social rules
and regulations, pertaining to living society,
socioeconomic support system.
20. Life style
• Many activities, habits and practices involve risk
factors, the tresses of life crises & frequent life
changes also risk factors.
• Health practices & behaviors can have positive or
negative effects in health.
• Practices with potential effects are risk factors these
include overeating or poor nutrition, insufficient
rest & sleep & poor hygiene.
• Other habits that pure put a person at risk for illness
include smoking alcohol or drug abuse, and
activities involving a threat of injury such as
skydiving or mounting climbing.
• Some habits are risk factor for specific diseases.
22. Health services:
• Health services are directly concerned with
improvement of health status of people.
• Health services can also contribute on
socioeconomic development of people because
sound health can improve & increase the
physical, intellectual & motional capacity of
people to get educated, work & earn for their
livelihood improve their lifestyle which will
further reinforce their health.
23. Socioeconomic condition:
• Socioeconomic conditions have significant
influence on community health.
• In developed countries like America, UK, &
Canada, there has been significant reduction in
the mortality & morbidity rates & increase in
longevity at birth because of socioeconomic,
development.
• Socioeconomic conditions include economic
status, education, occupation and living
standards.
24. Political system
• The political system has a very strong role in
health promotion of people in the country.
• The health care delivery system is determined by
the political system though there is conditional
control.
• Decision pertaining to health to health policy,
allocation of funds, programs, manpower
development, infrastructure, health technology
and delivery of health services are made by the
ruling party within the parliament system.
25. Health related services:
• The health related services include education
government policies; social welfare development
programs food & agriculture, industry,
communication and broadcasting rural & urban
development & transportation.
• The health related services needs to have
balanced approach between National Health
Policy & voluntary health promotes active
participation.
27. Environmental sanitation
• Sanitation is the science of safe- guarding health.
• It is the quality of living that is exposed in the
clean home, the clean farm, the clean business,
the clean neighborhood & the clean community.
• Environment sanitation is nothing but the
introduction of such methods which bring about
control of all the factors in the physical
environment.
28. Food habits
• Food habits have deep psychological root and
are associated with love, affection, warmth, self-
image & social prestige.
• The diet of the people is influenced by local
conditions, religious customs and beliefs.
• Vegetarians & Hindus believes these food habits
have a religious sanction from early daily.
29. Mother & child health
• Mother & child health is surrounded by a wide
range of customs & beliefs all over the world.
• MCH care & good customs such as prolonged
breastfeeding, oil bath, massage & exposure to
sun.
• MCH care & hand bad customs are the child is
not put to breastfeeding during the first 3 days
of birth because of the belief that colostrums
might be harmful.
30. Personal hygiene
• Hygiene is the science of health & includes all
factors which contribute to healthful living.
• Personal hygiene includes all those personal
factors which influence the health & well-being
of an individual.
• The practice of an oil bath is a good Indian
custom.
• Circumcision is prevalent custom among
Muslim which has a religious sanction.
31. Sex & marriage
• Sexual customs vary among different social,
religious & ethic groups.
• Orthodox jews are forbidden to have intercourse for
seven days after the menstruation ceases, these
custom have an important bearing in family
planning.
• It is the usual social custom in India to perform
marriages early at the age of puberty.
• Child marriages are fortunately disappearing.
• The high rate of venereal disease in Himachal
Pradesh is attributed to the local marriage customs.
32. FACTORS AFFECTING A PATIENT’S
HEALTH STSTUS
Smoking Nutrition Alcohol Use
Habituating
drug use
Driving Exercise
Sexuality and
contraceptive
use
Family
relationships
Risk factor
modification
Coping &
adaptation
