cluster design and designing of labour houshold units at small scale with shared services

1. Clusters
Detailed
Study
Scholar no. Name
201110001 Trisha Singh
201110006 Owais Hashmi
201110017 Surya Chandra P.
201110019 Ridam Gautam
201110026 Satvik Jain
201110041 Shyam Agrawal
201110046 Mohd. Tanveer

2. Contents
 Type of Cluster
 Type / Nature of work
 Space required
 Character of Housing settlement
 Socio Economic Condition
01. Glass Cluster, Firozabad
 Type of Cluster
 Nature of work
 Space required
 Character of Housing settlement
 Socio Economic Condition
02. Chanderi Handloom

4. Introduction
Firozabad is the central hub for
many glass manufacturing
industries
240 km from Delhi and 40
km from Agra.
It is popularly known as Glass
City or “Suhag nagari”

5. ? Type of Cluster
Closed And Back to back cluster
 Little to no vehicular access is available
 Narrow path ways
 Back to back arrangements of houses
 Mostly closed and back to back cluster but
at some places open cluster can be also
seen
 Densely populated area with congested
dwellings and shops.

6. ?
Type / Nature of work
Now, there’s mixed occupancy.
Originally built for artists.
But very few still reside.

7. Internal
Recycling
Internal
Recycling
Internal
Recycling
Cullet
crusher
Tank furnace units

8. Batch
preparation
Melting Drawing Shaping Reheating
Bangle
making
Cutting and
bundling

9. ?
Space required
 It is estimated that Firozabad has close to 4000-
5000manufacturing and household units that
generate employment for more than 5, 00,000
people.
 The glass industry in Firozabad is spread across the
city and has a total production capacity of close to
5000-6000 TPD.As per the report from AIGMF,
Firozabad glass cluster generating an annual
business of more than INR 2000
 Firozabad District Map crore The glass industry in
Firozabad caters not just the domestic demand but is
also an important contributor to total glass exports
from the state of Uttar Pradesh. As per data obtained

10. ?
Character of Housing settlement
Household units:
• The household units are mostly run by the family members of the owners who use basic
machines and tools to decorate glass products (primarily bangles).
• Each unit has an employee strength ranging from 3-10 employees with most of the
employees being contractual workers hired on the basis of orders received and
requirements.
• These units are estimated to be over 4000 and are spread across the city.
Pot furnace-based units:
• There are about 130-140 pot furnace-based units in Firozabad.
Tank Furnace based units:
• Tank Furnace based units are relatively large units and are involved in the
manufacturing of tableware, containers and scientific glass-related items.
• There are close to 40-45Tank furnace-based units and with each unit having a
workforce ranging from 150 – 200 workers.

11. CHARACTERISTICS
• It popularly known for glass manufacturing
• Glass utensils and decorative items are also made
here

12. ?
Socio Economic Condition
 limited usage of good quality refractory blocks that often leads to breakdown of the
furnaces and increases the overall consumption of fuel that further increases the
overall cost of production
 The clusters are tightly packed allowing only limited open space.
 The nature of the job is as such that workers work under harsh inhumane conditions.
they usually work in dark rooms to mend bangles from glass, inhaling harmful
flames. unhygienic conditions prevail, open gutters, no space for garbage disposal
are a few to name
 Though these clusters have switched to using gas-fired furnaces, it was observed
that they usefurnaces that have not been replaced over the years and have poor
insulation.

14. Introduction
 Chanderi is a small town in the
Ashok Nagar district of Madhya
Pradesh.
 Chanderi is one of the best-known
handloom clusters in India,
particularly famous for its sarees,
made with mix of silk and cotton
 Number of handlooms – 4352
 Number of weavers 13056

15. ? Type of Cluster
 This cluster can be categorised under
Interlocking cluster
 The clusters are arranged in a non uniform way.
The spaces and houses are interlinked with each
other. the loom becomes the guiding principle for
designing of any space in Chanderi. Every house
in Chanderi had loom room which will have the
maximum sunlight.

16. ?
Type / Nature of work
 The Chanderi cluster is able to form
300 plus Artisans & 12 SHGs
supporting the strong work force.
 Textile Hand Printed
 Raw materials
 Dyeing

17.  The yarn comes in
long bundles that
needs to be opened,
then transferred on
long thread rolls
called bobbins.
 Dyed by hands,
measure of dye
used requires
expertise.
 Yarn is stretched on a
wrap roll which is held on
a two loop which are
plugged to the ground,
then yarn is stretched
tightly between them.
 Weaved in
patters drawn
by hand using
pit looms.
Activity
Yarn is
prepared
Dying of
yarn
Stretching
of thread
Weaving

18. ?
Space required
 Hand loom Dimension -
3x 3.5mtr
 Maximum air
circulation is required
in the houses because
weather conditions
play a major role in
strengthening of
thread, more
temperature results in
breakage of thread.
 Large courtyards are suitable as more space is
required to segregate out threads as well as when
they are dyed.

19. ?
Character of Housing settlement
 People have traditionally used the locally available
material such as white sandstone (chinkari stone) that
dresses up the 19-inch external walls to the shape and
sizes of doors, to the stone (pataur) roof that allows for
natural air flow, and mud, husk and dung plaster
flooring.
 The inhabitants have home that are built with
masonry and rubble with large windows provided for
air circulation. The houses has the charm of
handloom. People living in houses are more than the
house can accommodate. The occupation of the
region is as such that the spaces within the homes
become active with the multiple processes of making a
sari.

20. stone (pataur) roof
that allows for
natural air flow

21. ?
Socio Economic Condition
 The Government of India and State Governments provide assistance to handloom
weavers, handloom weavers' co-operative societies for strengthening the share
capital, improving the management of societies and modernization of looms. they
are not able to repay in time the loan received and hence the societies have to pay
interest to the District Central Co-operative Banks
 The unavailability of raw material is one of the crises faced by the handloom sector.
 Cotton handloom weavers have been largely dependent on spinning mills to provide
them yarn, but nowadays, these mills find it more profitable to work with the power
loom sector and weaving mills.
 fabrics face difficulties in marketing and sales promotion.
 Marketing is the central problem that calls for the drawing up of a suitable strategy.
 But today, despite being a 5000-year-old vocation and receiving great political
importance, weavers continue to suffer a life of despair, poverty and agony.
 Government reports identify scant wages, exorbitant debts, high cost of production,
and Competition from other textile products as well as power looms as the
fundamental reasons behind these deaths.

22. BEFORE COVID
• exclusive exhibitions of products every year
• Lower cost of raw materials
• More people were employed while after covid the
number has significantly reduced.
AFTER COVID
• Ban of exhibition resulted in low sales.
• While the demand has dipped to 5 per cent, the
cost of raw materials has skyrocketed.
• The pandemic has reduced their business by 60-
80 per cent.

23. Thanks !