5. Eriksonโs Eight stages
๏ Trust vs. mistrust-infancy-feeding-birth -18 months
๏ Autonomy vs. shame and doubt-early childhood-
toilet training-2-3yrs
๏ Initiative vs. guilt-Pre-school-Exploration 3-5 yrs
๏ Industry vs. Inferiority-school age-school 6-11yrs
๏ Identity vs. role confusion-Social relationship 12-18yrs
6.
7. Piaget
๏ Initial acquisition of language
๏ Egocentrism-Self centred- thinking only of oneself
๏ Problem solving focussed on tangible objects
8. How the children differ from adults
๏ Limitation of verbal skills
๏ Handling emotions
9. What they need
๏ Safe
๏ Achieving
๏ Active
๏ Respected
๏ Responsible
๏ Included
10. Child related issues
๏ Family and step family relationship(Single Parenting)
๏ Bullying
๏ Loss of loved ones
๏ Behavioral problems
๏ Literacy and numeracy problems
11.
12.
13.
14. Issues faced by children in this era
๏ Military use of children
๏ Slavery
๏ Internet child
pornography
๏ Child prostitution
๏ Child labour
๏ Child Neglect
๏ Lack of Access to
Education
๏ Life as Refugees
๏ Poverty
๏ Violence through
indoctrination
15. Role of the counselor
๏ Understand the child as an individual
๏ Rapid cure/ identification of mental weakness
๏ Knowledge of the child specific abilities
๏ Child welfare and improvement
๏ Understand the social and personal problem faced by
the child
22. Things to consider
๏ Caring relationship with genuine
๏ Deeper level of empathy
๏ Action Planning
23. Mental development
๏ Choice of alternatives
๏ Questioning ๏ What,
why, who and how
๏ Desire to assist his
parents
๏ Imitation
๏ Curiosity
24. Special Guidance
Individual Group
๏ Family background and
economic condition
๏ Health and physical
development
๏ Interest
๏ Personality characteristics
๏ Scholastic attainment
๏ Orientation talks
๏ Collection of data from
school and talks
๏ Interview with child