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The Gospel of
Matthew
Map of Palestine at the Time of Jesus
Judaism at the time of Jesus
• Jerusalem Temple
• Synagogue
• Sadducees
• Samaritans
• Pharisees
• Zealots
• Essenes
• A broad spectrum of me
ssianic hopes and expec
tations
• Apocalyptic perspective
expressed in certain mo
vements and literature
The Development of the New Testament
• The New Testament is a coll
ection of writings that witne
ss to the faith of the early C
hurch in Jesus Christ, the So
n of God.
• It came about as a result of
a process that began with th
e public life of Jesus and en
ded with the last of the Gos
pels, probably John
The Public Life of Jesus
30 -33ad
The Preaching of the Apostles
The Letters of Paul
50-62ad
The Written Gospels
70-90ad
What a “historian” may say about
Jesus
• Grew up in Galilee in a family of modest means
• Was a Jew but his place on the spectrum is unclear
• Was baptized by John and was linked with his mov
ement for a while
• Called disciples to share in his mission
• Was a teacher and preacher
• Message focussed on the present and coming “Kin
gdom of God”
• Jesus was crucified by the Roman governor of Jude
a
The Sources of the Gospels
• Individual Memory – doubtless an influence but d
oes not account for the texts of the gospels as we h
ave them.
• Community tradition: the link between Jesus and t
he Gospels is the Christian community that collect
ed, preserved and interpreted these materials as th
e expression of a vibrant faith.
Types of material from and about
Jesus
• Individual stories and sayings circulated as separ
ate units and where then combined in various w
ays in the process of tradition and redaction - li
ke stringing beads!
• Narrative traditions
Miracle stories,
Historical stories,
Sayings,
Parables
The Synoptic Gospels
Mark
Q
M L
Matthew Luke
• Q is a source that Luke and Matthew used that containe
d sayings of Jesus not found in Mark. M and L are sourc
es unique to each evangelist.
The Evangelist
• Matthew the Apostle? (9:9)
• Why rely on Mark?
• Perhaps a signature in 13:52,
"Therefore every scribe w
ho has been trained for
the kingdom of heaven is
like the master of a hous
ehold who brings out of h
is treasure what is new a
nd what is old.“
Matthew
• A Jewish Scribe (expert in the Torah) who has beco
me a Christian.
• Well versed in the Jewish tradition yet steeped in a
resurrection faith
• Understands Jesus as the fulfilment of Jewish Mes
sianic hopes and more. (infancy narrative)
• Uses Mark, “Q” and “M” as sources.
• Writes a “ bios” – a biography of Jesus according t
o classical norms.
Gospel as Biography
bios
• In the ancient world biography did not atte
mpt a detailed and comprehensive presentat
ion of the subject.
• Readers expected a narrative account of the
career and contribution of a notable figure u
sually spanning from birth to death.
• Alexander the Great, Caesar Augustus, etc.
Function of the bios
The ancient audience expected a bios
• To present the figure’s life and teaching as a poss
ible model for its own living.
• To legitimate or discredit important community
values and practices.
• To shape the identity and guide the audience’s w
ay of life.
Matthew’s audience
• A minority community in Antioch a large an
d culturally diverse city in the Roman Empir
e.
• Recently separated from the synagogue
• Seeking to secure an identity and lifestyle wi
th words of legitimation, explanation and di
rection.
• On the margins both in relation to Empire a
nd synagogue.
What the Gospel of Matthew tells us
about its readers
They recognise:
1. The central importance of the Jewish heritage an
d the Scriptures, seen in the genealogy and the fre
quent use of “fulfilment” formulae.
(1:22, 2:5-6, 8:17, 12:17-20)
1. Jesus as Lord – they have heard and accepted the
Easter message. In the Gospel people “approach
” Jesus (51x proserchomai). In Greek used for ap
proaching God or the temple for worship. (4:11, 5:
1, 8:2, 15:30, 18:1)
The Shape of Matthew (1)
• Birth Narrative 1:1-2:23
• Narrative: preparation for ministry: 3:1-4:17
Discourse: Sermon on the Mount 4:18-7:29
• Narrative: Signs of the Kingdom 8:1-9:38
Discourse on Mission 10:1-11:1
• Narrative: A Divided Response 11:2-12:50
Discourse: Parables of the Kingdom 13:1-13:
53
The Shape of Matthew (2)
• Narrative: Preparation for the Church 13:54- 17:23
• Discourse: The Community 17:24-19:2
• Narrative: Preparation for the Passion 19:3-24:2
• Discourse: The Last Judgment 24:3-25:46
• Death and Resurrection 26:1-28:20
Five Discourses – Five Books of Torah!

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Matthew-1.pptx

  • 2. Map of Palestine at the Time of Jesus
  • 3. Judaism at the time of Jesus • Jerusalem Temple • Synagogue • Sadducees • Samaritans • Pharisees • Zealots • Essenes • A broad spectrum of me ssianic hopes and expec tations • Apocalyptic perspective expressed in certain mo vements and literature
  • 4. The Development of the New Testament • The New Testament is a coll ection of writings that witne ss to the faith of the early C hurch in Jesus Christ, the So n of God. • It came about as a result of a process that began with th e public life of Jesus and en ded with the last of the Gos pels, probably John The Public Life of Jesus 30 -33ad The Preaching of the Apostles The Letters of Paul 50-62ad The Written Gospels 70-90ad
  • 5. What a “historian” may say about Jesus • Grew up in Galilee in a family of modest means • Was a Jew but his place on the spectrum is unclear • Was baptized by John and was linked with his mov ement for a while • Called disciples to share in his mission • Was a teacher and preacher • Message focussed on the present and coming “Kin gdom of God” • Jesus was crucified by the Roman governor of Jude a
  • 6. The Sources of the Gospels • Individual Memory – doubtless an influence but d oes not account for the texts of the gospels as we h ave them. • Community tradition: the link between Jesus and t he Gospels is the Christian community that collect ed, preserved and interpreted these materials as th e expression of a vibrant faith.
  • 7. Types of material from and about Jesus • Individual stories and sayings circulated as separ ate units and where then combined in various w ays in the process of tradition and redaction - li ke stringing beads! • Narrative traditions Miracle stories, Historical stories, Sayings, Parables
  • 8. The Synoptic Gospels Mark Q M L Matthew Luke • Q is a source that Luke and Matthew used that containe d sayings of Jesus not found in Mark. M and L are sourc es unique to each evangelist.
  • 9. The Evangelist • Matthew the Apostle? (9:9) • Why rely on Mark? • Perhaps a signature in 13:52, "Therefore every scribe w ho has been trained for the kingdom of heaven is like the master of a hous ehold who brings out of h is treasure what is new a nd what is old.“
  • 10. Matthew • A Jewish Scribe (expert in the Torah) who has beco me a Christian. • Well versed in the Jewish tradition yet steeped in a resurrection faith • Understands Jesus as the fulfilment of Jewish Mes sianic hopes and more. (infancy narrative) • Uses Mark, “Q” and “M” as sources. • Writes a “ bios” – a biography of Jesus according t o classical norms.
  • 11. Gospel as Biography bios • In the ancient world biography did not atte mpt a detailed and comprehensive presentat ion of the subject. • Readers expected a narrative account of the career and contribution of a notable figure u sually spanning from birth to death. • Alexander the Great, Caesar Augustus, etc.
  • 12. Function of the bios The ancient audience expected a bios • To present the figure’s life and teaching as a poss ible model for its own living. • To legitimate or discredit important community values and practices. • To shape the identity and guide the audience’s w ay of life.
  • 13. Matthew’s audience • A minority community in Antioch a large an d culturally diverse city in the Roman Empir e. • Recently separated from the synagogue • Seeking to secure an identity and lifestyle wi th words of legitimation, explanation and di rection. • On the margins both in relation to Empire a nd synagogue.
  • 14. What the Gospel of Matthew tells us about its readers They recognise: 1. The central importance of the Jewish heritage an d the Scriptures, seen in the genealogy and the fre quent use of “fulfilment” formulae. (1:22, 2:5-6, 8:17, 12:17-20) 1. Jesus as Lord – they have heard and accepted the Easter message. In the Gospel people “approach ” Jesus (51x proserchomai). In Greek used for ap proaching God or the temple for worship. (4:11, 5: 1, 8:2, 15:30, 18:1)
  • 15. The Shape of Matthew (1) • Birth Narrative 1:1-2:23 • Narrative: preparation for ministry: 3:1-4:17 Discourse: Sermon on the Mount 4:18-7:29 • Narrative: Signs of the Kingdom 8:1-9:38 Discourse on Mission 10:1-11:1 • Narrative: A Divided Response 11:2-12:50 Discourse: Parables of the Kingdom 13:1-13: 53
  • 16. The Shape of Matthew (2) • Narrative: Preparation for the Church 13:54- 17:23 • Discourse: The Community 17:24-19:2 • Narrative: Preparation for the Passion 19:3-24:2 • Discourse: The Last Judgment 24:3-25:46 • Death and Resurrection 26:1-28:20 Five Discourses – Five Books of Torah!