Dr. RAvindra Agarwal

1. ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISTS (PEOPLE IN ENV.)

2. ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISM
 “Advocacy for or work towards protecting the
natural environment from destruction or
pollution”.
 Environmental activists work on preventing
and then eliminating pollution and preserving
and conserving the natural environment

3. SUGATHAKUMARI
• Born –1934 in Kerela.
• Poet, activist, committed conservationist
environmentalist (forefront of environmental
and feminist movements in Kerela.
•“Save Silent Valley” protest.
•Dharna against Athirappilly hydro electric
project

4. MEDHA PATKAR
• Born – 1st December 1954 in Mumbai.
• Led “ NBA “Narmada Bachao Andolan”(a 32 year`s
old social movement) in three states: Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra Gujarat. justice for the people
affected by the da m projects related to the Sardar Sarovar
dams project.
• She was a commissioner on the World Commission on
Dams,
• Founders of the National Alliance of People's
Movements (NAPM),
• As members of working class GBGBA (Ghar Bachao
Ghar Banao Andolan) in mumbai and fight for rights of
slum-dwellers and those cheated by the builders in
various rehabilitation and re-development projects.
•Played a pivotal role in driving out the Tata Nano plant
from Singur and set up in Sanand, Gujarat (2008).

5. AWARDS AND HONOURS
1991: Right Livelihood Award[26]
1992: Goldman Environment Award[27]
1995: Green Ribbon Award for Best International Political
Campaigner by BBC, England
1999: Human Rights Defender's Award from Amnesty
International, Germany
1999: M.A. Thomas National Human Rights Award
from Vigil India Movement[28]
1999: Person of The Year BBC
1999: Deena Nath Mangeshkar Award[29]
1999: Kundal Lal Award for peace1999: Mahatma Phule
Award[30]
2001: Basavashree Award[31]
2013: Bhima Bai Ambedkar Award
2014: Mother Teresa Award for Social Justice

6. SUNDERLAL BAHUGUNA
 Born-9th January 1927, Garhwali Environmentalist.
 Chipko Movement leader (1973,) in UP. (Gaura Devi; Birth of
Chipko)
 Created the Chipko slogan “ Ecology is permanent economy”
 Led the Anti- Tehri Dam movement (1980-2004): We don't
want the dam. The dam is the mountain's destruction”
Awards
1981: Padma Shri Award by government of India, but he refused
it.
1987: Right Livelihood Award (Chipko Movement)
1986: Jamnalal Bajaj Award for constructive work.
1989: Honorary Degree of Doctor of Social Sciences was
conferred by IIT Roorkee
2009: Padma Vibhushan Award by government of India for
environment conservation

7. MANEKA GANDHI
 Born- 26th August 1956.
 Indian politician, animal rights activist,
environmentalist.
 Started the organization “people for animals”
 She is also a patron of international animal
rescue.
 Worked a lot for the cause of wild life
protection.
 Authored a number of books in areas of
animal welfare.
 Books: Heads and Tails

8. AWARDS
 Environmentalist and Vegetarian of the year 1994
 Prani Mitra Award, 1996
 Maharana Mewar Foundation Award, 1996 for Environmental work
 Marchig Animal Welfare and selling Prize, Switzerland, 1997
 Venu Menon Animal Allies Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award,
1999
 Bhagwan Mahaveer Foundation Award for Excellence in the sphere of
Truth, Non-violence and Vegetarianism, 1999
 Dinanath Mangeshkar Aadishakti Puraskar in the field of Environment
and animal welfare, 2001
 Rukmini Devi Arundale Animal Welfare Award
 Human Achiever Award in field of Women Empowerment and Children
Welfare by Human Achiever Foundation, India.

9. MAHESH CHANDRA MEHTA
 M C Mehta is undoubtedly India’s most famous environmental lawyer.
 Protecting the Taj Mahal, cleaning up the Ganges
 River banning intensive shrimp farming on the coast, initiating
 Government to implement environmental education in schools and
colleges, and a variety of other conservation issues.
 awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 1996 for his continuous
fights in Indian courts against pollution-causing industries.
 He received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Asia for Public Service in
1997.
 The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of the Padma
Shri in 2016.

10. SUNITA NARAYAN
 Born in 1961
 She is an Indian environmentalist and political activist as well as a
major proponent of the Green concept of sustainable development.
 She is currently the director of the India-based Centre for Science and
Environment and publisher of the fortnightly magazine, Down To
Earth.
 In 2005, she was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India.
 In 2005 the Centre for Science and Environment under her leadership
was awarded the Stockholm Water Prize.
 She was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science by the University of
Calcutta in 2009.
 Raja-Lakshmi Award for the year 2009 from Sri Raja-Lakshmi
Foundation, Chennai.
 In 2016 Narain was named to Time Magazine's list of 100 Most
Influential People.
 In 2016 Nairan received the IAMCR Climate Change Communication
Research in Action Award

11. RAJENDRA K. PACHAURI
 Rajendra Kumar Pachauri (born August 20, 1940) has served as the
chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
 He is also been director general of TERI, a research and policy
organization in India, and chancellor of TERI University.
 He has also been the chairman of the governing council of the
National Agro Foundation (NAF), as well as the chairman of the
board of Columbia University's International Research Institute for
Climate and Society.
 Pachauri has been outspoken about climate change.
 He is now serving as the head of Yale's Climate and Energy Institute
(YCEI).
 At the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony when the award was shared
between Al Gore and the IPCC on December 10, 2007, Pachauri
represented the IPCC.

12. M. S. SWAMINATHAN
 Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan is an Indian
geneticist and international administrator.
 Born 7 August 1925 in Tamilnadu.
 “Father of Indian Green Revolution" for his leadership
and success in introducing and further developing high-
yielding varieties of wheat.
 Moving India to sustainable development especially
using environmentally sustainable agriculture,
sustainable food security and the preservation
of biodiversity which he calls an "evergreen
revolution.“
 Worked as Director General of ICAR, IRRI and IUCN
 Founder of M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation in
Chennai.
 Chairman of the National Commission on Agriculture,
National Commission on Farmers.

13. HONOURS AND AWARDS
 H.K. Firodia award for excellence in Science & Technology
 Four Freedoms Award for Freedom from want and Freedom from fear, 2000
 International Geographical Union awarded "in recognition of his unique success
in outstanding scientific research and its application.
 UNEP Sasakawa Environment Prize.
 The Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement “ to increasing biological
productivity on an ecologically sustainable basis, and to promoting the
conservation of biological diversity“
 Honda Prize,[for achieving outstanding results in the field of ecotechnology,
 Padma Shri 1967
 Padma Bhushan 1972
 Padma Vibhushan 1989
 World Food Prize for advancing human development through increased quantity,
quality or accessibility of food, 1987
 Golden Heart Presidential Award of the Philippines,

14.  Albert Einstein World Award of Science
 Borlaug Award,
 Ramon Magsaysay Award
 Karmaveer Puraskaar
 Dupont-Solae Award for his contribution to the field of food and
nutrition security
 Life Time Achievement Award from BioSpectrum
 Indira Gandhi Gold Plaque by the Asiatic Society for his significant
contribution towards human progress.
 Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development
 Lokmanya Tilak Award
 Millennium Alumnus Award by the Tamil Nadu Agricultural
University
 Prof P N Mehra Memorial Award
 Legend in his Lifetime Award by the World Wilderness Trust- India

15.  Dr. B.P. Pal Medal for unique contributions to agricultural research
 V. Gangadharan Award for outstanding contributions to National Development
 Lal Bahadur Shastri Deshgaurav Samman
 Dr. J.C. Bose Medal, Bose Institute
 Krishi Ratna Award
 Rathindranath Tagore Prize of Visva Bharati University
 R.D. Misra Medal of the Indian Environmental Society
 Barclay Medal of the Asiatic Society for contributions to genetics
 Moudgil Prize of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for contributions to
standardisation
 Birbal Sahni Medal of the Indian Botanical Society for contributions to Applied
Botany
 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award for contributions to Biological Sciences
 Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration of the Indian National Congress

16. INDIRA GANDHI
 Indira Gandhi: The naturalist prime ministe
 Enactment of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, and for
her leadership of Project Tiger.
 Environmental conservation policies.
 Network of PAs grew from 65 to 298.

17. MADHAV GADGIL
 Born in1942 in Maharashtra
 An Indian ecologist, academic, writer, columnist and the founder of
the Centre for Ecological Sciences.
 The identification of the Nilgiris as the first biosphere reserve in India.
 Chairman of the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP), which
later came to be known as the Gadgil Commission.
 Editor of “Life Scapes of Peninsular India”.
 Padma Shri
 Padma Bhushan
 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology
 H. K. Firodia award
 Vikram Sarabhai Award

18. ANIL AGARWAL
 Born in 1947 in Kanpur, (1947- 2 January 2002).
 Journalist, scientists, engineers, wrote first report on
State of India’s Environment.
 The founder-director of the Centre for Science and
Environment (CSE), an active NGO currently led
by Sunita Narain.
 Padma Shri (1986) and Padma Bhushan (2002) for his
work in environment and development.

19. ARUNDHATI ROY
 Born-24th November 1961 in Shillong, Meghalaya,.
 Indian novelist, environmental activist.
 Writings on various social, environmental and political issues have
been a subject of major controversy in India.
 Fought against the Narmada valley dam project along with Medha
Patkar.
 In response to India's testing of nuclear weapons in Pokhran,
(Rajasthan).
 Booker Prize for her novel The God of Small Things.
 The Lannan Foundation's Cultural Freedom Award.
 Sydney Peace Prize.
 Sahitya Akademi Award,

20. JOHN ABRAHAM
 Born – 17th December 1972.
 He urges youngsters to join hands for mankind and environment
protection.
 He work for PETA( People for the ethical treatment of animals)
 He owns his own brigade called John’s Brigade for “Habitat for
Humanity”
 He also helped in creating India’s first elephant village in
Maharashtra for which he was awarded an Eco warrior award.

21. DR. SALIM ALI (BIRDMAN OF INDIA)
 2 November 1896 – 20 June 1987 in Bombay.
 Indian ornithologist and naturalist.
 A key figure behind the Bombay. Natural History Society .
 Create the Bharatpur bird sanctuary (Keoladeo National Park) and
prevent the destruction of what is now the Silent Valley National
Park.
 Chiefly in the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society.
 Books: Book Indian birds/Fall of a sparrow

22. MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENTS IN INDIA

23. WHAT IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT?
 Also called Green movement’ or ‘Conservation movement.
 The social or political movement, for the conservation of
environment or for the improvement of the state of the
environment.
 A large number of environmental movements have emerged in
India especially after 1970s.
 The environmental movements favor the sustainable management
of natural resources.
 The movements often stress the protection of the environment via
changes in public policy

24. BISHNOI MOVEMENT
 Year: 1730s
 Place: Khejarli, Marwar region,
Rajasthan state.
 Leaders: Amrita Devi (influenced by
Guru Maharaj Jambaji), along with
Bishnoi villagers in Khejarli and
surrounding villagers hugged a tree in
an attempt to stop them
 Aim: Save sacred trees ( Khejri) from
being cut down by the Maharaja
Abhai Singh Rathore’s soldiers for a
new palace.
 363 Bishnoi villagers were killed in this
movement.

25. THE CHIPKO MOVEMENT
 Year: March 1974
 Place of origin: Reni village of Gopeshwar in
District Chamoli and later at Tehri-Garhwal
district of Uttarakhand.
 Chipko means “tree hugging or “embrace” as
the villagers hugged the trees.
 Leaders: Sundarlal Bahuguna, Gaura Devi,
Chandi Prasad Bhatt, Sudesha Devi, Bachni
Devi, Govind Singh Rawat, Dhoom Singh
Negi, Shamsher Singh Bisht and Ghanasyam
Raturi
 Aim: To protect the trees on the Himalayan
slopes from the axes of contractors of the forest
and resistance to destruction of forests spread in
the hills of Uttaranchal.

26. BACKGROUND
 Government's decision to allot forest trees to a sports goods
company.
 Mr. Chandi Prasad Bhatt of ‘Dasoli Gram Swarajya
Sangh’(DGSS) wanted to establish small industries using forest
resources, with an aim to provide job opportunities to local youth
and check migration.
 The local residents in Gopeshwar were denied the similar
demand of getting few trees, required for making farm tools.

27.  Chandi Prasad Bhatt;
“Let them know we will not allow the felling of a
single tree. When their men raise their axes, we will embrace
the trees to protect them”
 Organized rallies to protect the forest from mass destruction.
FOUNDER OF CHIPKO MOVEMENT

28. THE BIRTH OF CHIPKO MOVEMENT
 Gaura Devi: Head of the village Mahila
Mangal Dal.
“The forest nurtures us like a
mother; you will only be able to use your
axes on it but you have to use them first
on us.”
 Mobilized village women for the
movement when company men marched
to cut the trees.

29. THE SPREADING OF MOVEMENT
 Sunder Lal Bahuguna
(Environmentalist).
 Enlightened the country and out
world about the movement, its
success and environmental
impact.

30. SPARKING OFF OF THE MOVEMENT
 Chandi Prasad Bhatt
 Sunder Lal Bahuguna
 Sarla Bahen (Catherine Mary Heilman)from Lakshmi Ashram
 Women groups
 Uttarakahand Sangharsh Vahini (USV)
 Took part in different rallies and gatherings
 Highlighted the importance of trees in the life of human beings.
 Active in protecting the forests from auctions for commercial
cuttings

31. SUCCESS OF CHIPKO MOVEMENT
 The movement has spread to many states in the country.
 It stopped felling of trees in the Western Ghats and the Vindhyas.
 Generated pressure for formulation of a natural resource policy.
 Achieved a major victory in 1980 with a 15-year ban on green
felling in the Himalayan forests and by 1981, over a million trees
had been planted through their efforts.
 More than 1,00,000 trees have been saved from excavation.
 Started protecting forest slopes and Restoring bare one.
 Villagers paid special attention in care of the trees and forest trees
are being used judiciously.

32.  New methods of forest farming have been developed, both to
conserve the forests and create employment.
 As a diverse movement with diverse experiences, strategies, and
motivations,
 Chipko inspired environmentalists both nationally and globally and
contributed substantially to the emerging philosophies of eco-
feminism and deep ecology and fields of community-based
conservation and sustainable mountain development

33. RECOGNITION & REWARD
 Chandi Prasad Bhatt- Raman Megasessey award
 Sunder Lal Bahuguna- Padma Bhusan Award

34. APPIKO MOVEMENT
 Year: Sept.1983 Appiko (To hug)
 Place: Uttara Kannada and Shimoga districts of
Karnataka.
 Leaders: Appiko’s greatest strengths lie in it
being neither driven by a personality nor having
been formally institutionalized. However, it does
have a facilitator in Pandurang Hegde.
 Aim: Against the felling and commercialization
of natural forest and the ruin of ancient livelihood
in Western Ghat.

35. NARMADA BACHAO ANDOLAN (NBA)
 The Narmada River: one of the
holiest rivers in the country.
 Narmada means ‘ever-delightful’
“they say that even the site
of the river will cleanse all of
your sins”

36. NARMADA RIVER
 It is the fifth largest river (Indus, Brahmaputra, Ganges and
Godavari) in the country and the largest on ein gujarat.
 From origin (Amarkantak) to Arabian sea near the Bharuch city
of Gujarat is 1312 kilometers (815 miles) while the length up to
dam site is 1163 kilometers (723 miles).
 The total basin area of the river is 97,410 km2 comprising 85,858
km2 in Madhya Pradesh, 1658 km2 in Maharashtra and 9894 km2
in Gujarat.

38. SARDAR SAROVER DAM PROJECT
 The first of the dams to be built is the
Sardar Sarovar. It is considered to be one
of the most important dams in the project
and the biggest water development project
in India.
 A concrete gravity dam, 1210 meters
(3970 feet) in length with a maximum
height of 163 (138+25) meters (~ 535
feet)
 Third highest concrete dam in India, the
first two being Bhakra Dam (226 metres,
on Sutlej River) and Lakhwar Dam (192
meters, on Yamuna River) in UP.

39. According to the government, the Sardar Sarovar Dam will do the
following:
• Provide safe drinking water to 30 million people
• Irrigate 4.8 million hectares of land
• Produce 550MW of power
• Provide 1,300 cubic-meters of water per yr. for municipal and
industrial purposes
• Provide a drainage system to carry away flood waters
• It will also take the land of 320,000 people

40. SOCIALAND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF DAMS
 Relocation of communities:
- impacts on health, & economic, social, cultural well-being
 Loss of community control over water:
- transfer of control from local level to central government or
corporate control
 Diseases: - encouraged by dam projects (creating habitat for
parasites), e.g. schistosomiasis, malaria, filaria.
 Increasing cost of dams:
- problems encountered in building dams (ex. sedimentation).
- cost of mitigating social, environmental impacts.
- delays
- best sites already taken only more remote, more difficult
sites left.

41. Narmada Bachao Andolan, (Save the Narmada Movement). The
movement started in 1985 when the World Bank loan to India
$450 million for the Sardar project.
 NBA started by a social worker named Medha Patkar.
People involved; Dalits and Adivasi (indigenous people).
 Arundhati Roy: Booker Prize-winning author; wrote a book
about the Dams in India called ‘The Greater Common Good’.
“Nobody builds Big Dams to provide drinking water
to rural people. Nobody can afford to.” “There's a lot of money in
poverty”
 Baba Amte: a social worker whose work with leprosy has earned
him much respect in the country among the tribal people and
government officials.
 Aamir Khan, Ali Kazmi, Alok Agarwal etc.
NARMADA BACHAO ANDOLAN (NBA)

42. AIM OF NBA
 The movement first started as a protest for not providing proper
rehabilitation and resettlement for the people who have been
displaced by the construction of Sardar Sarovar Dam.
 Later on, the movement turned its focus on the preservation of
the environment and the eco-systems of the valley.
 Activists also demanded the height of the dam be reduced to 88
m from the proposed height of 130m.
 Slogans: Vikas Chahiye, Vinash Nahin! (Development wanted,
not destruction) and "koi nahi hatega, bandh nahi banega!" (we
won't move, the dam won't be constructed).
 World Bank withdrew from the project.

43. WORLD BANK WITHDRAW THE LOAN?
 It was a protest by the NBA called 'satyagraha‘ that
caught the World Banks attention.
 They sent in an independent review team headed by
Hugh Brody, (a British anthropologist) and Donald
Gamble, (a Canadian environmental engineer).

44. INDEPENDENT REVIEW FINDINGS
 No environmental impact report
 No assessment on the effects of people living down stream despite a previous
report by the bank regarding increased salinity that would destroy fishing
grounds, increase in silt and the project would only be able to irrigate 5% of
what was initially stated.
 People have died because of malaria. A previous report from the bank said the
project was ‘taking malaria to the doorsteps of the villagers’. But the report
stated the measures promised to prevent this were ‘not yet due’.
 Inadequate resettlement plans.

45. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
 Threat to aquatic habitat barriers for fish passage, water quality is
affected because of change in land use canals.
 Water logging excess water in the soil and can render the soil
useless. This could affect 40% of the area to be irrigate.
 Salinisation – when irrigation water has more saline content and
adds more salt to the system. This happens because the land to be
irrigated is an arid area and not used to so much water.
 This impacts the flora and fauna and makes the water not suitable
for drinking.

46. HEALTH IMPACTS
 Outbreak of diseases the concern of an increase in malaria
because of the increased reservoirs and water logged lands,
which are prime locations for mosquitoes.
 Authorities have suggested pesticides but there is concern for
humans ingesting the pesticide.
 Another disease on the rise is TB because of the increasing
number of people being moved out of their villages because of
dams.
 The shanty towns they move to have no running water and no
plumbing

47. SOCIAL IMPACTS
 There was no social impacts assessment
before the dam project started.
 The World Bank tried to do a assessment
after the dam project started but found that
there was a ‘severe shortage in baseline
data’.
 Lack of communication between the state
and the people who were to be affected by
the project.

48. YEAR WISE
 Sept 1989 : 60,000 people rally against destructive development
 Jan 1990 : 5,000 people marched on the Narmada Valley Development
authority offices forcing them to close
 March 1990 : 10,000 protesters blocked the highway from Bombay for
two days
 May 1990 : 2,000 people staged a sit-in outside the prime ministers
house in Delhi.
 Christmas Day 1990 : Long March – 3,000 people walked, 100km,
which took a week to the dam site, once they got there Medha Patkar
and 6 others went on a hunger strike demanding the government
suspend work on the dam and hold an independent review.
 It lasted 22 days until they broke fast -this made Narmada an
international issue.
 Jan 1991 – The World Bank commissions independent review

49. ANTI-TEHRI DAM MOVEMENT
 Year: From 1980s till 2004
 Height: 260.5 m (855 ft) high rock and earth-fill dam
 Place: Bhagirathi River near Tehri in Uttarakhand
 Leaders: Sundarlal Bahuguna, V.D. Saklani, (lawyer & Founder)
 Aim: The protest was against the displacement of town
inhabitants and environmental consequence of the weak
ecosystem.
 About the movemnt: Tehri dam attracted national attention in
the 1980s and the 1990s. The major objections include the
seismic sensitivity of the region, submergence of forest areas
along with Tehri town etc. Despite the support from other
prominent leaders like Sunderlal Bahuguna, the movement has
failed to gather enough popular support at national as well as
international level

50. SILENT VALLEY MOVEMENT
 Year: 1978
 Place: Silent Valley, an evergreen tropical
forest in the Palakkad district of Kerala,
India (Kunthipuzha River that runs)
 Leaders: The Kerala Sastra Sahitya
Parishad (KSSP) an NGO, and the poet
activist Sughathakumari played an
important role in the Silent Valley protests.
 Aim: Protect the moist evergreen forest
from being destroyed by a hydroelectric
project.
 Natural home Lion-tailed macaque. They
are among the world's rarest and
most threatened primates.

51. OUT COMES
 June 1982: The Centre re-examines the issue through a
commission chaired by Prof. M.G.K. Menon, Madhav
Gadgil, Dilip K. Biswas and others as members,
 November 1983: Silent Valley Hydroelectric Project is called off
(Indira Gandhi)
 1985: Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi formally inaugurates Silent
Valley National Park.
 September 1986 Silent Valley National Park was designated as the
core area of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve.

52. ENVIRONMENTALLY SIGNIFICANT DAYS
Day Event
Feb. 2 World Wetlands Day Celebrated first time in 1997 to protect
wetland or Ramsar site.
Feb. 28 National Science Day First time1987 (Discovered Raman
Effect)
March 3
World Wildlife Day First time 2013, The day of the adoption
of the CITES
March 21 World Forest day First time 2013
March 22 World Water Day First time 1993
April 22 Earth Day First time 1970
May 22 World Biodiversity Day First time 1992 (at the Reo Earth summit)

53. June 5 World Environment Day First time in
1987
July 11 World population Day First time in 1987
July 29 World Tiger Day First time in 2010
Sept. 16 International Ozone Day First time in 2000
First Monday of October World Habitat day First time in 1986
Oct. 04 World Animal day First time in 1929
Dec. 02 Bhopal Tragedy day Dec. 2, 1984
Aug 06 Hiroshima (Antinuclear)
Day
Aug 06, 1945

54.  Formed: 1985 (Minister : Dr. Harshvardhan)
 The ministry is responsible for planning, promoting, coordinating,
and overseeing the implementation of environmental
and forestry programmes in the country.
 Act as nodal agency in the country for UNEP, SACEP, ICIMOD.
 The importance of Environmental Information, the MoEF of GOI
in December, 1982, established an Environmental Information
System (ENVIS) as a plan programme.
 Focus of ENVIS is to providing environmental information to
decision makers, policy planners, scientists and engineers,
research workers, etc. all over the country.

55. BOTANICAL SURVEY OF INDIA (BSI)
 Founded 13 February 1890, by MoEF &CC (GOI), HQ: Kolkata.
 First ex-officio Director :Sir George King, who had been
superintendent of Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta.
 To survey, research and conservation of plant resources, flora and
endangered species.
 Magazine: Vanaspati Vaani (hindi), Nelumbo : a biannual journal.
 Currently have 9 regional center.

56.  Founded June 1981, by MoEF &CC (GOI),
 HQ: Dehradun.
 FSI has been monitoring forest fires across the country
using MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging
Spectrometer) and GIS based technology
 Publication: Biennial "The State of Forest Reports" and area-
specific reports on "The Reports on Inventory and Wood
Consumption Studies”

57. ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA (ZSI)
 Established on 1st July, 1916, HQ: Kolkata (WB)
 Symbol: Indian Gaur (Bos gaurus).
 It is currently operated from 16 regional centers and coordinated
by the Conservation and Survey Division in the MoEF, GOI.
 Conduct survey on fauna of India and collected type specimens
and this makes it one of the largest collections in Asia.

58. CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
 Established in Sept. 1974 under the Water Act, 1974
and Air Act, 1981 to prevent and control pollution to
improve the quality of India’s Environment (EPA,
1986).
 Head office in New Delhi, with 7 zonal offices and 5
laboratories, along with its counterparts the State
Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs).
 Zonal office:
Bengaluru, Kolkata, Shillong, Bhopal, Lucknow,
Vadodara and a Project Office at Agra.

59. THE BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY
SOCIETY (BNHS),
 Symbol: Hornbill bird, HQ: Mumbai
 Founded on 15 September, 1883 (with 6 member).
 India’s largest and oldest NGO, engaged in conservation ,
wildlife and biodiversity research.
 ‘save the silent valley’s campaign’.
 Publishes a popular magazine:
The Hornbill
Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society Salim
Ali’s Handbook on Birds
JC Daniel Book of Indian reptiles
SH Prater’s book of Indian mammals
PV Bole’s book of Indian trees.

60. THE SALIM ALI CENTER FOR ORNITHOLOGY
AND NATURAL HISTORY (SACON)
 An autonomous organization established in 1990 , public- NGO
partnership between the MoEF&CC, and BNHS.
 HQ: Coimbatore (TN)
 A national centre for information, education and research in ornithology
and natural history in India.
 Its mission is
“To help conserve India’s biodiversity and its sustainable use
through research, education and peoples’ participation, with birds at the
centre stage”

61. CENTRE FOR SCIENCE AND
ENVIRONMENT (CSE), NEW DELHI
 Founder : Anil Agarwal (1980)
 Its conducts workshops and seminars on biodiversity, sustainable
and equitable environmental issue.
 Published a major document on the “State of India’s
Environment” (by Anil Agarwal).
 Also published a popular magazine; ‘Down to Earth’

62. CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION
(CEE)
 Established in August 1984 as a Centre of Excellence
supported by the MoEF&CC
 HQ: Ahmedabad and has 41 offices across India.
 Director: Mr. Kartikeya Sarabhai
 Developing programmes and materials to increase awareness
about the environment and sustainable development with
leading to a better environment and a better quality of life.

63. WILD LIFE INSTITUTE OF INDIA (WII)
 An autonomous institution of MoEF, GOI,
 Established in 1982 Dehradun.
 It is an internationally acclaimed institution, which offers training
program, academic courses and research in wildlife management.
 Most significant Publication “Planning wild life protected area
network for India”
 It trains personnel in eco-development, wildlife biology, habitat
management and nature interpretation.

64. NEERI
 CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research
Institute is a research institute created and funded by GOI.
 Established in Nagpur in 1958 as Central Public Health
Engineering Research Institute (CPHERI)
 Focus on water supply, sewage disposal, communicable diseases
and to some extent on industrial pollution and occupational
diseases found com,mon in post-independent India.
 NEERI has 5 zonal laboratories at Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad
, Kolkata and Mumbai.
 Contribution in following thrust area of R&D
Env. Monitoring
Env. Biotechnology
Hazard Waste Management, Env. Policy analysis, Env. Imact and Risk
Assessment ,Env. System design, modeling, and optimization.

65. THE MADRAS CROCODILE BANK TRUST
(MCBT)
 First crocodile conservation breeding in Asia.
 Founded in 1976 to conserve Indian crocodilians and other
species of endangered reptiles in Mamallapuram (TN).
 Over 1500 crocodiles and several hundred eggs have been
supplied to various state forest departments for restocking
programmes in the wild, and for setting up breeding facilities in
other state in India and neighboring countries.
 Started the first sea turtle surveys and conservation program in
India, including a sea turtle hatchery.
 It is the site of the Irula Snake catchers’ cooperative society,
which is an adivasi self-help project and supplies all of India’s
snake and scorpion venom needed for the production of anti-
venom and for medical use.

66.  Established in 1974 in New Delhi, formerly known as Tata Energy and
Research Institute.
 Have many centers in India and abroad
Southern Regional Centre, Bangalore
Western Regional Centre, Goa
North - Eastern Regional Centre, Guwahati
Himalayan Centre, Mukteshwar
 TERI Mumbai, Navi Mumbai
 TERI Japan, Tokyo
 TERI North America, Washington D.C
 TERI Europe, London
 TERI South East Asia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
 Publication: Monthly magazine Terra Green, TERI Energy Data
Directory and Yearbook (TEDDY)

67. C.P.R. ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
CENTRE (CPR-EEC)
 Centre of Excellence of the (MoEF&CC),GOI, established
jointly by the Ministry and the C.P. Ramaswami Aiyar
Foundation.
 HQ: Chennai in 1988.

68.  Center for Environmental Nuclear Research (CENR), Chennai in
2009by DAE in SRM University.
 Center for Environment planning and Technology (CEPT),
Ahmedabad
- Established in 1972 as the 'School of Planning'.
- As university in 2005.
 BVI EER, (Env. Edu. and Research).