Unit 1 & unit-2 electric drives and control

1. Electric Drives and Control By Dr Rajin M. Linus Associate Professor and HOD Electrical Engineering Department Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur Unit-1 Introduction and Basics of Electric Drives

2.  Students will be able to explain2 the characteristics of all electrical machines  Students will be able to illustrate2 the speed control of electrical machines  Students will be able to analyze4 the speed control of electrical Course Outcome  Students will be able to classify2 different application of Electric drives and control  Students will be able to compare2 different load and its effects on Electric drives Unit-1 Outcome Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 2

3. Why We need to Study Electric Drives Electric Train Lift Escalators Vehicle Industries Water Pumps Fans Mixer & Grinder Clock Drilling MachineGrass Cutter 14/01/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 3

4. Why We need to Study Electric Drives Contd… Wind Energy Conversion System Solar Energy Conversion System Hydro Electric Power Generation Thermal Energy Conversion System 14/01/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 4

5. What is Electric Drives M/G Power Modulator Source M/G Power Modulator Source Control Unit Sensing Unit Block Diagram (Open Loop) Block Diagram (Closed Loop) 14/01/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 5

6. Power Modulator Power Modulator Diode Rectifier Fixed AC Fixed DC Power Modulator Controlled Rectifiers Fixed AC Variable DC Power Modulator-I Tap changer/ AC Voltage Controller Fixed AC Variable Voltage AC Power Modulator-II Diode Rectifier Variable Voltage DC Power Modulator-I Diode Rectifier Fixed AC Fixed Voltage DC Power Modulator-II Chopper Variable Voltage DC Power Modulator PWM Inverter Fixed DC Variable Voltage, Variable Frequency Power Modulator Cyclo Converter Fixed Frequency Variable Voltage, Variable Frequency 14/01/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 6

7. Electrical Machines  AC Brushless Motor  DC Brushed Motor  DC Brushless Motor  Linear Motors  Servo Motor  Stepper Motor 14/01/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 7

8. Torque Equation Motor Load Torque (T) Load Torque TL Speed (ωm) Equivalent Motor - Load System dt dJ dt d JJ dt d TT m m mL     )( ……………………(1)  (1) is applicable to variable Inertia Drives – Mine Winders, Reel Drives, industrial robots  For drives with constant inertia 0 dt dJ dt d JTT m L   ……………………(2) Polar Moment of Inertia of Motor Load System referred to Motor shaft, kgm2 Instantaneous angular velocity of Motor shaft, rad/sec. Dynamic Torque ( Present only transient operations) Acceleration Deceleration 0 dt d m 0 dt d m 0 dt d m Equilibrium Motor Supply Load Torque and dynamic component ( Eg: Electric Train) Dynamic Torque Stored in the form of kinetic energy Assist T and maintain drive motion by extracting stored kinetic energy 2 2 1 mJ 14/01/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 8

9. Four Quadrant Operation of Electric Drives m T III III IV m T Forward Motoring Forward Braking Reverse Motoring Reverse Braking m T m T TL2 TL1 Loaded Cage Empty Cage Empty Cage Motion Motion Motion TL T m T TL m TL T m TL T m Motion Loaded Cage Counter weight 16/01/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 9

10. Components of Load Torque Load Torque Friction Torque (TF) Windage Torque (TW) Due to Friction present in shaft and various parts of Load Torque required for useful Mech. Work (TL) Wind generates a torque opposing the motion Friction Torque (TF) FT m Components Friction Torque (TF) T m VT CT CT ST ST Viscous Friction mB Column Friction 2 mC Station or static friction ST -Will not be considered for dynamic analysis 2 mcmLl CTBTT   WT 16/01/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 10

11. Classification of Load Torque m lT 2 mlT Water in Centrifugal Pump, Ship Propeller m lT High Speed Hoist m lT Traction Load m lT Constant Power Load Active Load Torque Passive Load Torque Has a potential to drive the motor under equilibrium Eg: Gravitational Force, Tension , Compression and Torsion undergone by elastic body Eg: Friction, Windage, Cutting etc. Always oppose the motion and change their sign on the reversal of motion 20/01/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 11

12. Loads with Rotational Motion Motor Load Load Torque Tlo Speed (ωm) Torque (T) ωm1Jo Speed (ωm) Load Torque Tl1 J1 n n1 Gear Gear Ratio 1 1 1 n n a m m    Kinetic Energy 2 11 2 0 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 mmm JJJ   2 1 2 10 )( 2 1 mJaJ  [ Losses in Transmission Neglected] Power Equation 1 11    ml mlomL T TT  Transmission Efficiency of Gear 1 11  l loL Ta TT  If m loads with gear a1, a2,….am & Moment of Inertia J1, J2,…..Jm Then, mm JaJaJaJJ 2 2 2 21 2 10 ...........  m lmmll loL TaTaTa TT   ..... 2 22 1 11 20/01/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 12

13. Loads with Translational Motion Motor Load Load Torque Tlo Speed (ωm) Torque (T) Jo Speed (ωm) Rotational To Linear Motion Mass M1 Force F1 1v M1 in Kg v1 m/sec [ Losses in Transmission Neglected] Kinetic Energy 2 11 2 0 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 vMJJ mm   2 1 10        m v MJJ  Power 1 11   vF TT mlomL  Transmission Efficiency of Gear        m ll vF TT  1 1 1 0 For m no. of load 22 2 2 2 1 10 ..........                    m m m mm v M v M v MJJ                     m m m m mm ll vFvFvF TT  ........2 2 21 1 1 0 20/01/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 13

14. Steady State Stability 21/01/2020 m Torque T LT A Concept of deceleration At any Increase in Speed m Torque T LT A Concept of acceleration At any Decrease in Speed m M m L d dT d dT   m M m L d dT d dT   Stable System m Torque LT T B Motor Accelerate further At any Increase in Speed m Torque LT T B Motor decelerate further At any Decrease in Speed Unstable System m L m M d dT d dT   m L m M d dT d dT   Movement of operating point Movement of operating point Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 14

15. Steady State Stability Contd…. m Torque T LT C Unstable m Torque 1LT A- Unstable A B C D T 2LT B- Stable D- Unstable C- Stable 21/01/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 15

16. Motor Duty T Time (t) Continuous Duty Constant Motor Loss: Paper Mill Drives, Compressors, Conveyers,, Centrifugal Pumps and Fans T Time (t) Short Time Duty Less than heating time Constant: Crane, drives for household applications, Valve Drives, Sluice – Gate Drives T Time (t) Intermittent Periodic Duty Pressing, Cutting and Drilling Machine  Time (t) Time (t)  24/01/2020Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 16

17. Motor Duty Contd… T Time (t) Intermittent Periodic Duty with Starting  Time (t) Running Starting Rest T Time (t) Intermittent Periodic Duty with Starting and braking  Time (t) Running Starting Rest Braking 1. Continuous Duty with intermittent Periodic Loading 2. Continuous duty with starting and breaking 3. Continuous duty with periodic speed changes 24/01/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 17

18.  For Continuous Duty Determination of Motor Rating  Determine- maximum continuous Power demand  Next higher power rating Motor – will be selected  Motor speed should match load speed  Motor fulfil the starting torque requirement  Continue to drive load in normal disturbances  Assure transient and steady state reserve torque capacity 24/01/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 18

19. Determination of Motor Rating Contd….  For Fluctuating and Intermittent Loads 1. Equivalent Current Method I Time (t) IMax I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 In t1 tnt3 t4 t5 t2 Motor Loss p1 Constant Loss pc Independent of Load consists Core loss, Friction Loss Load dependent Copper Loss Fluctuating load has n values of motor currents n nnccc eq ttt tRIptRIptRIp RIp    ......... ).........()()( 21 2 2 2 21 2 12 n nn n nc eq ttt RtItItI ttt tttp RIp       .... )....( .... )....( 21 2 2 2 21 2 1 21 212     T n nn eq dti Tttt tItItI I 0 2 21 2 2 2 21 2 1 1 ...... .......... 24/01/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 19

20. Determination of Motor Rating Contd….  For Fluctuating and Intermittent Loads 2. Equivalent Torque Method     T n nn eq dttT Tttt tTtTtT T 0 2 21 2 2 2 21 2 1 )( 1 ...... .......... - T is proportional to current 3. Equivalent Power Method - For fixed speed, P is proportional to Torque     T n nn eq dtp Tttt tPtPtP P 0 2 21 2 2 2 21 2 1 1 ...... ..........  For Short time and Intermittent Periodic Duty – Assignment or H/W 24/01/2020Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 20

21.  Students are advised to go through the detailed analysis related to stability with respect to load and Motor torque characteristics.  Students are advised to understand the problems and improve the problem solving skills related to rotational and translational motion in order to improve the knowledge related to the different types of motion and effects Information to Students regarding Unit-1 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 21

22. Electric Drives and Control By Dr Rajin M. Linus Associate Professor and HOD Electrical Engineering Department Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharastra, India Unit-2 DC Motor Drives Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 22

23.  Students will be able to explain2 the characteristics of all electrical machines  Students will be able to illustrate2 the speed control of electrical machines  Students will be able to analyze4 the speed control of electrical Course Outcome  Students will be able to explain2 different speed control strategy of DC Motors  Students will be able to compare2 application of different AC to DC and DC to DC converters operation in DC Motor Control Unit-2 Outcome Dr Rajin M. Linus, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 23

24. Review of DC Motor  Separately Excited DC Motor Field and Armature – Independent Control  Shunt Motor Field and Armature – Common Source 31/01/2020 M + - VDC VDC + - A1 A2 F1 F2 Separately Excited DC Motor MVDC + A1 A2 F1 F2 Shunt MotorDr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 24

25. Review of DC Motor Contd….  Series Motor 1. Field and Armature – Current are same 2. Hence, field flux is function of armature flux  Cumulatively Compound Motor 1. MMF of series field is function of armature current 2. MMF of series field is same direction as MMF of shunt field 31/01/2020 - VDC + S1 S2 Series DC Motor Cumulatively compound Motor M A1 A2 VDC + S1 M A1 A2 S2 F1 F2 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 25

26. Steady state circuit & Equation of DC Motor 31/01/2020 - V + Steady state Equivalent Circuit M Ra Ia + - meb KE   Equation for Back Emf, Terminal Voltage and Torque are meb kE  …………………..(3)ae IkT  …………………..(1) aab IREV  …………………..(2)  - Flux per pole   T k R k V e a e m 2    a e a e m I k R k V    …………………..(5)and …………………..(4) Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 26

27. Steady state circuit & Equation of DC Motor Contd…. 31/01/2020 -  For Shunt and Separately Excited Motor mmeb kkE   …………………..(7)aae kIIkT   …………………..(5) aab IREV  …………………..(6) a a a e a e m I k R k V I k R k V    T k R k V a m 2  …………………..(9) …………………..(8) and 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2/ 4 4/ 0 k TR k V T k TR k V T k TR k V T k TR k V T k V T a a a a m      m T aI T Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 27

28. Steady state circuit & Equation of DC Motor Contd…. 03/02/2020 -  For Series Motor af Ik …………………..(11) 2 afeae IkkIkT   …………………..(10) aab IREV  …………………..(6) fe a afe a e a e m kk R Ikk V I k R k V    fe a fe m kk R Tkk V  1  …………………..(13) …………………..(12) and m T aI T Series Separately Excited Separately Excited Series Rated Operation Rated Operation Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 28

29. Starting of DC Motor  Starting Current 1. Twice the rated current. Some cases 3.5 times 2. For full supply voltage Motor may damage (Eb=0 at standstill) 03/02/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 29

30. How to Limit High Starting Current  Starting Current- Limited by 1. Using armature voltage (OR) 2. Variable Resistance Control 03/02/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 30

31. How to Limit High Starting Current Contd… Fixed Voltage and Variable Voltage Control 03/02/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 31

32. How to Limit High Starting Current Contd… Speed at Fixed and Variable DC Voltage 03/02/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 32

33. How to Limit High Starting Current Contd… Current at Fixed and Variable DC Voltage  Torque in the Motor 1. Torque will reflect with current 03/02/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 33

34. Single Phase Full converter Fed DC Motor 04/02/2020 M T1 T2 T3 T4 P N Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 34

35. Single Phase Full converter Fed DC Motor Contd… 04/02/2020 Continuous Conduction Mode Discontinuous Conduction Mode Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 35

36. Single Phase Full converter Fed DC Motor Contd… 04/02/2020 b a aaama E dt di LRitSinVv   For   t For   t ba Ev  …………………..(14) …………………..(15) Laplace Transform of (14), Avoid Initial Condition s E sIsLsIR s V b aaaam   )()(22                              a a ab a a a ma aa b aa ma L R ss LE L R ss L VsI RsLs E RsLs VsI // )( )( 22 22     1aI 2aI                                       a a a a a a a a m aa ma L R s C s BAs L R ss L L R ss L V RsLs VsI 22 22 22 221 / / )(        Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 36

37. Single Phase Full converter Fed DC Motor Contd.. 05/02/2020                                       a a a a a a a a m aa ma L R s C s BAs L R ss L L R ss L V RsLs VsI 22 22 22 221 / / )(             222222 &, aa a aa a aa a LR R B LR L A LR L C             22 )()(   Cs L R ABsCA L a a a                                                                     Z e tSin Z V ti LRs LR L s LR R s LR L LVti t L R m a aa aa a aa a aa a ma a a )()( )/( )( 1 22 22 2222 1 1          Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 37

38. Single Phase Full converter Fed DC Motor Contd.. 05/02/2020                         a a a a ab a a ab a L R s B s A L R ss LE L R ss LE sI / / )(2 a b a b R E B R E A  & Bs L R sA R E a a a b  )(                                  t L R a b a a a aa ba a a e R E ti L R s R s R LEti 1)( /1/1 )( 2 1 2   Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 38

39. Single Phase Full converter Fed DC Motor Contd.. 08/02/2020 21 aaa III                        t L R a b t L R m a a aa a e R E Z e tSin Z V ti 1)()(  t L R m a b a bm a a a e Z V R E R E tSin Z V ti         2 )()(  1K Transient due to AC voltage and back EMF …………………..(14)                      tdEttdSinVV bm 1 0   bm ECosCosV V )()( 0   Discontinuous Conduction              ttdSinVV m 1 0   Cos V V m2 0 Continuous Conduction Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 39

40. Single Phase Full converter Fed DC Motor Contd.. 08/02/2020 t L R a bm a a a Ke R E tSin Z V ti   )()( (14) Gives When , t 0)(  tia  …………………..(14) (14)   Cotm a b eSin Z V R E K        )( Therefore (14)      Cott a bCottm a e R E eSintSin Z V ti )()( 1)()()(   For ,  t When  t 0)(  tia  ……..(15) (15) 0)()( )(           Cotm a b a bm eSin Z V R E R E Sin Z V …………………..(16) Equation (16) provide by iterative method. Boundary between continuous and discontinuous conduction is   Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 40

41. Single Phase Full converter Fed DC Motor Contd.. 08/02/2020 For discontinuous conduction , But , Critical Speed is Speed at the boundary between continuous and discontinuous conduction …………………..(17) (15) …………………..(18)   bm ECosCosV V )()( 0   T k R k V a m 2  T k R k CosCosV am m )()( )( 2                        1 1 )(    Cot Cot ma mc e e Sin kZ VR Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 41

42. Single Phase Half Controlled Fed DC Motor 08/02/2020 M T1 D2 D1 T2 P N T k R k CosV am m )()( )1( 2                                tdEttdSinVV bm 1 0   bm ECosV V )()1( 0                ttdSinVV m 1 0 )1(0 CosVV m    T k R Cos k V am m 2 2 1     Discontinuous Conduction Continuous Conduction Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 42

43. Single Phase Half Controlled Fed DC Motor Contd… 08/02/2020 Continuous Conduction Mode Discontinuous Conduction Mode Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 43

44. Single Phase Half Controlled Fed DC Motor Contd… 04/02/2020 Continuous Conduction Mode Discontinuous Conduction Mode Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 44

45. Three Phase full converter Fed DC Motor 10/02/2020 M T1 T6 T3 T4 R B Y T5 T2 A1 A2 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 45

46. Three Phase full converter Fed DC Motor Contd… 10/02/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur Phase and Line Voltage Phase and Line Voltage Difference VYB VRY 60 VBR VYR VBY VRB 30 46

47. Three Phase full converter Fed DC Motor Contd… 10/02/2020 300 Current of T1 and T4 at α=0o with Resistive Load Current of T3 and T6 at α=0o with Resistive Load 120+ 300 180+ 300 120+180+ 300 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 47

48. Three Phase full converter Fed DC Motor Contd… 10/02/2020Output Voltage and Current for R-Load 100 Ohms 240+ 300 240+180+ 300 Current of T5 and T2 at α=0o with Resistive Load Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 48

49. Three Phase full converter Fed DC Motor Contd… 10/02/2020 Three Phase Voltage and Output Voltage at α=0O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) R- Load Three Phase Voltage and Output Voltage α=30O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) R- Load 300 300 300 o 30 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 49

50. Three Phase full converter Fed DC Motor Contd… 10/02/2020 Three Phase Voltage and Output Voltage at α=60O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) R- Load Three Phase Voltage and Output Voltage and Current at α=90O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) R- Load (Discontinuous) o 60 o 90 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 50

51. Three Phase full converter Fed DC Motor Contd… 10/02/2020 Three Phase Voltage and Output Voltage and Current at α=90O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) RL- Load 100 Ohms, 0.05 H (Discontinuous) Three Phase Voltage and Output Voltage and Current at α=90O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) RL- Load 100 Ohms, 0.5 H (Continuous) Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 51

52. Three Phase full converter Fed DC Motor Contd… 04/02/2020 Three Phase Voltage and Output Voltage and Current at α=90O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) RLE- Load 100 Ohms, 0.05 H, E =100V (Discontinuous) Three Phase Voltage and Output Voltage and Current at α=90O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) RLE- Load 100 Ohms, 0.5 H, Eb= 100V (Continuous) Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 52

53.  However, for RLE load discontinuous conduction is very rare  Output Voltage Equation of Continuous Conduction is (If Line Voltage is Taken as Reference Three Phase full converter Fed DC Motor Contd… 3    t tSinVV mAB            CosVV tdtSinVV mo mo 3 2 6 3 2 3      But , T k R k V a m 2  T k R Cos k V am m 2 3     and , Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 10/02/2020 53

54.  Braking Operation when Firing angle greater than 90 Degree Three Phase full converter Fed DC Motor Contd… A at α=120O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) RLE- Load 100 Ohms, 0.5 H, Eb= 50 V (Braking)  Motoring Increasing Braking T m Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 10/02/2020 o 120 54

55. Three Phase Semi or Half controlled converter Fed DC Motor 11/02/2020 M T1 D6 T3 D4 R B Y T5 D2 A1 A2 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 55

56. Three Phase Semi converter Fed DC Motor Contd.. 11/02/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur Current of T1 and D4 at α=0o with Resistive Load 100 Ohm Current of T3 and D6 at α=0o with Resistive Load 100 Ohm 300 120+ 300 180+ 300 120+180+ 300 56

57. Three Phase Semi converter Fed DC Motor Contd.. 11/02/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur Current of T5 and D2 at α=0o with Resistive Load 100 Ohm Output Voltage and Current for R-Load 100 Ohms 57

58. Three Phase Semi converter Fed DC Motor Contd.. 11/02/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur Three Phase Voltage and Output Voltage at α=0O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) R- Load 300 300 Three Phase Voltage and Output Voltage at α=30O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) R- Load 300 o 30 58

59. Three Phase Semi converter Fed DC Motor Contd.. 11/02/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur Three Phase Voltage and Output Voltage at α=60O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) R- Load o 60 300 Three Phase Voltage and Output Voltage and Current at α=90O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) R- Load (Discontinuous) o 90 59

60. Three Phase Semi converter Fed DC Motor Contd.. 11/02/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur Three Phase Voltage and Output Voltage at α=60O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) R- Load o 60 300 Three Phase Voltage and Output Voltage and Current at α=90O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) R- Load (Discontinuous) o 90 60

61. Three Phase Semi converter Fed DC Motor Contd.. 11/02/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur Three Phase Voltage and Output Voltage and Current at α=90O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) RL- Load 100 Ohms, 0.5 H (Continuous) Three Phase Voltage and Output Voltage and Current at α=90O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) RL- Load 100 Ohms, 0.05 H (Discontinuous) 61

62. Three Phase Semi converter Fed DC Motor Contd.. 11/02/2020 Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur Three Phase Voltage and Output Voltage and Current at α=90O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) RLE- Load 100 Ohms, 0.05 H, Eb=50V (Discontinuous) Three Phase Voltage and Output Voltage and Current at α=90O (Zoomed View Between 0.02 Sec and 0.04 Sec) RLE- Load 100 Ohms, 0.5 H, Eb= 50V (Continuous) 62

63.  However, for RLE load discontinuous conduction is very rare  Output Voltage Equation of Continuous Conduction is (If Line Voltage is Taken as Reference Three Phase Semi converter Fed DC Motor Contd… )1( 2 3   CosVV mo  But , T k R k V a m 2  T k R Cos k V am m 2 )1( 2 3     Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 10/02/2020 63

64. Step-Down Chopper Fed DC Motor Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 14/02/2020 M + D A1 A2 CH - CH 64

65. Step-Down Chopper Fed DC Motor Contd… Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 14/02/2020 Input DC Voltage 350 V, Switching Frequency 10 kHz, Ra= 100 Ohm, L= 9 mH, Eb =100 V (Continuous Conduction) DCo T DCo VV dtV T V ON   0 1 δ is Duty Cycle - T TOn But , T k R k V a m 2  T k R k V aDC m 2    65

66. Step-Up Chopper Fed DC Motor Dr Rajin M. Linus, Electrical Dept., SGU, Kolhapur 14/02/2020 M + D A1 A2 CH - CH Output Resistance 200 Ohm. Switching Frequency 10 kHz, Source Ra= 100 Ohm La= 1.5 mH, Eb =350 V (Continuous Conduction)     1 1 bo T T bo EV dtE T V ON 66

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