The document discusses basic life support techniques for responding to cardiac or respiratory arrest. It describes maintaining an open airway, providing rescue breathing through ventilations, and performing chest compressions to circulate blood until emergency services arrive. The key steps are to check for response, call for help, open the airway, check breathing, perform 30 chest compressions and 2 breaths, and use an AED if available. Basic life support aims to restore oxygenated blood flow until more advanced treatment can revive the individual.
2. Basic
Life
Support
cardio pulmonary resuscitation is a technique
of basic life support for oxygenating the
brain and heart until appropriate, definitive
medical treatment can restore normal heart
and ventilation action.
3. Basic
Life
Support
To maintain an open and clear airway
To maintain breathing by external ventilation
To maintain blood circulation by external cardiac
massage.
To save life of the patient
To provide basic life support till medical and advanced
life support arrives.
5. Basic
Life
Support
To restore effective circulation and
ventilation.
To prevent irreversible cerebral damage due
to anoxia. When heart fails to maintain the
cerebral circulation for approximately four
minutes the brain may suffer irreversible
damage.
6. Basic
Life
Support
◦ How to assess the collapsed victim
◦ How to perform chest compression and
rescue breathing
◦ How to place an unconscious breathing
victim in the recovery position.
7. Basic
Life
Support
Approximately 700,000 cardiac arrests per
year in Europe
Survival to hospital discharge presently
approximately 5-10%
Bystander CPR vital intervention before arrival
of emergency services – double or triple
survival from SCA (sudden cardiac arrest)
Early resuscitation and prompt defibrillation
(within 1-2 minutes) can result in >60%
survival
14. Basic
Life
Support
Sequences of procedures performed to restore the
circulation of oxygenated blood after a sudden
pulmonary and/or cardiac arrest
Chest compressions and pulmonary ventilation
performed by anyone who knows how to do it,
anywhere, immediately, without any other
equipment
18. Basic
Life
Support
Shake shoulders gently
Ask “Are you all right?”
.
Locate the trachea with 2 or 3 fingers of the
other hand
Slide these fingers where you can feel the
carotid pulse
Palpate for at least 5 seconds and no more than
10 seconds
30. Basic
Life
Support
• Place the heel of one hand in
the centre of the chest
• Place other hand on top
• Interlock fingers
• Compress the chest
– Rate 100/min
– Depth 4-5 cm
– Equal compression : Relaxation
• When possible change CPR
operator every 2 min
33. Basic
Life
Support
Pinch the nose
Take a normal
breath
Place lips over
mouth
Blow until the chest
rises
Take about 1
second
Allow chest to fall
Repeat
34. Basic
Life
Support
◦ Can’t open mouth
◦Can’t make a good seal
◦ Severely injured mouth
◦Stomach distension
Mouth to stoma (tracheotomy)
35. Basic
Life
Support
RECOMMENDATIONS:
- Tidal volume
500 – 600 ml
- Respiratory rate
give each breaths over about 1s with enough
volume to make the victim’s chest rise
- Chest-compression-only
continuously at a rate of 100 min
50. Basic
Life
Support
Approach safely
Check response
Shout for help
Open airway
Check breathing
Call Emergency System
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
Approach safely
Check response
Shout for help
Open airway
Check breathing
Call Emergency System
Attach AED
Follow voice prompts
55. Basic
Life
Support
Victim revives
Trained help arrives
Too exhausted to continue
Unsafe scene
Physician directed (do not resuscitate
orders)
Cardiac arrest of longer than 30 minutes
◦ (controversial)
56. Basic
Life
Support
Delay in starting
Improper procedures (ex. Forget to pinch
nose)
No ACLS follow-up and delay in defibrillation
◦ Only 15% who receive CPR live to go home
◦ Improper techniques
Terminal disease or unmanageable disease
(massive heart attack)
61. Basic
Life
Support
Chest Compressions are the cornerstone of
resuscitation
Rate
Depth
Recoil
Minimizing Interruptions
Feedback is probably helpful
In some cases chest compressions aid
defibrillation
Mechanical chest compressors have not
been demonstrated to be helpful
