Efforts In Water Resources Planning & Management Uses of water, Water stress, Water Scarcity, and its types. Few international and India's efforts

1. Efforts In Water Resources Planning
& Management

2. • About 29% of Earth's surface is covered by land & the rest 71% is covered by
water, which is further divided as:-

3. Water uses
 Agriculture - 70% of worldwide water is used for irrigation.
 Industries - 22% of worldwide water.
• hydroelectric dams
• thermoelectric power plants
• ore and oil refineries
• manufacturing plants, etc.
 Domestic use - 8% of worldwide water is used.
• drinking water
• bathing
• cooking
• toilet flushing, cleaning
• Laundry, gardening, etc.

4.  Recreational water - Refers to rivers, lakes and coastal waters, reservoirs.
• People use recreational water for activities like swimming,
surfing, water skiing, watersports, underwater diving, sailing, boating
and shellfish gathering.
• It is for non-consumptive usage.
 Environmental water use includes watering of natural or artificial wetlands,
artificial lakes, fish ladders, and water releases from reservoirs timed to help fish
spawn, or to restore more natural flow regimes.
• It is also for non-consumptive usage.

5. Water stress
 Population growth - UN estimates that by 2050 there will be an additional 3.5
billion people. Thus, water demand will increase in future.
 Expansion of business activity - Activities like industrialization, tourism and
entertainment continues to expand rapidly. This expansion requires increased
water services.
 Rapid urbanization - Urbanization requires significant investment in
water infrastructure in order to deliver water to individuals and to process the
concentrations of wastewater.
 Climate change - It has significant impacts on water resources around the world
because of the close connections between the climate and hydrological cycle.
• Global Warming
 Depletion of aquifers

6.  Water Pollution – Pollutants like raw sewage, chemicals etc. into natural water.
 Water conflicts – Water conflict refers to conflict between countries, states, or groups
over an access to water resources.
• Competition for water has widely increased.
• Difficult to meet the necessities for water supply for human consumption,
food production, ecosystems and other uses.
 Deforestation – Reduces moisture in air & thereby, rainfall.

7. Water Scarcity
• Lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demands of water usage
within a region.
• Affects every continent.
• Water use has been growing globally at more than twice the rate of population
increase in the last century.
• Although there is no global water scarcity as such, an increasing number of
regions are chronically short of water.
• According to UNDP report, there is enough freshwater on the planet for seven
billion people but it is distributed unevenly and too much of it is wasted,
polluted and unsustainably managed.

8. Types
 Physical water scarcity
1. Exists where there is no enough water to meet its demand.
2. Prevalent in arid regions.
 Economic water scarcity
1. Exists where there is not enough technology to utilize existing
sources of water
2. Prevalent in sub Saharan Africa.

9. Source: World Water Development Report 4. World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP), March 2012.

10. FACTS AND FIGURES
 Over 2 billion people live in countries experiencing high water stress.
 700 million people worldwide could be displaced by intense water scarcity by
2030
 About 4 billion people, experience severe water scarcity during at least one
month of the year
 A third of the world’s biggest groundwater systems are already in distress
 Nearly half the global population are already living in potential water scarce
areas at least one month per year and this could increase to some 4.8–5.7 billion
in 2050

11. So, Why Plan, Why Manage?
• For problems to solve and/or opportunities to obtain increased benefits by
changing the management and use of water and related resources.
• Careful study and research, as well as full stakeholder involvement, in the search
for the best compromise plan or management policy.
• Reducing the frequency and/or severity of the adverse consequences of water
calamities.
• Increase the available water supplies, hydropower, improve recreation and/or
navigation, and enhance water quality and aquatic ecosystems.

12. Water resource planning & management
• It is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and managing the optimum
use of water resources.
• It has regard to all the competing demands for water and seeks to allocate water
on an equitable basis to satisfy all uses and demands.
• Successful management of any resources requires
 accurate knowledge of the resource available
 the uses to which it may be put
 the competing demands for the resource
 mechanisms to translate policy decisions into actions on the ground

13. What is being done internationally?
1. Water Security and the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs)
• In 2015 the UN adopted the Sustainable Development Goals 2015–2030
that specify specific targets for various goals including water security.
• many countries are expected to use the SDGs as objectives in water
resources planning.
• SDG - 6

15. 2. The International Water
Association
• a non-profit organization and knowledge hub for the water sector
• connect water professionals worldwide to find solutions to the world's water
challenges
• work across a range of areas that contribute to the progression of water
management worldwide
• develop research and projects focused on solutions for water and wastewater
management
• organize world-class events that bring the latest science, technology and best
practice to the water sector

16. IWA Programmes
 SPACE-O: Part of the emerging digital water economy
• IWA is part of the project for water quality forecasting software using
satellite technology
• generates real-time, short- to medium-term forecasting of water flows and
quality data in reservoirs, used to optimize water treatment plant
operations

17.  AquaRating: Supporting Utility Improvement Worldwide
• Developed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) in
close collaboration with the International Water Association
(IWA)
• rating system based on an international standard
• evaluation and improvement of water and sanitation utilities
based on key performance indicators
• main goal of strengthening the water and sanitation sector
around the world.

18. 3. The International Water Management
Institute
• non-profit, scientific research organization focusing on the sustainable use of water
and land resources in developing countries
• works in partnership with governments, civil society and the private sector to
develop scalable water management solutions
• provide evidence-based solutions to sustainably manage water and land resources
for food security, people’s livelihoods and the environment.

19.  Groundwater Solutions Initiative for Policy and Practice
(GRIPP)
• A global multi-partner initiative
• practical solutions for groundwater management for sustainable development
and food security
• Ex.- Jyotigram Initiative in Gujarat, India (associated with GRIPP by
IWMI and partners)
o one of the highest electricity subsidies in India - heavy financial
losses
o proposed the separation of agricultural electricity feeders from
nonagricultural ones

20. India’s stand

21. 1. Central Water Commission
• Technical organization in the country in
the field of water resources since 1945
• Main activities :-
o Surveys, investigations, designs, schemes and
construction work for the development
of river valleys
o Advise and assist the State Governments
o Collect, maintain and publish statistical data relating to water
resources
o Training of Indian Engineers in India and abroad in all aspects
of river valley development

22.  Namami Gange Programme
• ‘Flagship Programme’ by the Union Government approved in June 2014
• Objectives :- abatement of pollution, conservation and rejuvenation of
National River Ganga.
• Main pillars –
o Creating Sewerage Treatment Capacity
o River-Front Development
o River Surface Cleaning
o Bio-Diversity Conservation
o Afforestation
o Public Awareness
o Industrial Effluent Monitoring
o Ganga Gram

23. 2. India & Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
• SDG - 6
• Targets :-
o By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable
drinking water for all
o By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping
and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the
proportion of untreated wastewater
o By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and
ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater
o By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels
o By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains,
forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.
o Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving
water and sanitation management.

24. 4. National Water Mission
• one of the eight missions in the National Action Plan on Climate
Change launched by the Prime Minister to tackle the threats of global
warming.
• Objective - conservation of water, minimizing wastage, equitable
distribution both across and within States
• Goals -

26. SAVE WATER
SAVE LIFE
SAVE EARTH
Thank You