2017 Cloud Computing Primer

May 2017 Cloud Computing - Rajesh Math 1

Rajesh Math

ABOUT Trainer
1. Research Scholar / Adjunct Faculty in Cloud Analytics and Big Data
2. Mentor for Start-ups. Corporate Trainer/Consultant.
3. Academic Qualification MS(Boston University, USA), MBA Pune
University, BCS(Computers) (Pune University)
4. 18 Years International Business Experience US(14), Australia(2) and
Europe(2 years)
5. 6 years Academic experience as Professor , Resource Person for IGI,
SPPU and CSI Author of Book in Internet Technology & Big Data
6. International/National Publications
7. Speaker / Organizer / Resource person at various national/ international
events.



Cloud
Computing

Cloud Computing :Overview
Introduction
What Is Cloud Computing?
History of Cloud Computing
Advantages of Cloud Computing
Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
Components of Cloud Computing
Architecture of Cloud Computing
Types of Cloud Computing
Recent Development’s of Cloud Computing
Conclusion Cloud Computing


Introduction: Cloud Concept
Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources,
software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on
demand, like the electricity grid.
Cloud computing is a paradigm shift following the shift from mainframe
to client–server in the early 1980s. Details are abstracted from the users,
who no longer have need for expertise in, or control over, the technology
infrastructure "in the cloud" that supports them.


What is Cloud Computing?
 Cloud computing is Internet based computing where virtual shared servers
provide software, infrastructure, platform, devices and other resources and
hosting to customers on a pay-as-you-use basis.
 All information that a digitized system has to offer is provided as a service
in the cloud computing model. Users can access these services available
on the "Internet cloud" without having any previous know-how on
managing the resources involved.


A Brief History
 Concept originated from telecommunication companies changing to VPN
 1999:Salesforce. com ‐ Delivery of applications via web
 2002: Amazon launches Amazon Web Services (AWS)
 2006: Google Docs, Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
 2008: Eucalyptus
 2009: Microsoft Azure


Architecture
Cloud architecture, the systems architecture of the software systems
involved in the delivery of cloud computing, typically involves multiple
cloud components communicating with each other over application
programming interfaces, usually web services.


Cloud Computing Sample Architecture
This resembles the UNIX philosophy of having multiple programs
each doing one thing well and working together over universal
interfaces. Complexity is controlled and the resulting systems are
more manageable than their monolithic counterparts.
The two most significant components of cloud computing
architecture are known as the front end and the back end.
The front end is the part seen by the client, i.e. the computer user.
This includes the client‟s network (or computer) and the
applications used to access the cloud via a user interface such as a
web browser.
The back end of the cloud computing architecture is the „cloud‟
itself, comprising various computers, servers and data storage
devices.


Types of Cloud Computing


Public cloud
Public clouds are made available to the general public
by a service provider who hosts the cloud
infrastructure. Generally, public cloud providers like
Amazon AWS, Microsoft and Google own and operate
the infrastructure and offer access over the Internet.
With this model, customers have no visibility or control
over where the infrastructure is located. It is important
to note that all customers on public clouds share the
same infrastructure pool with limited configuration,
security protections and availability variances.


Private cloud
Private cloud is cloud infrastructure dedicated to a particular
organization. Private clouds allow businesses to host applications in the
cloud, while addressing concerns regarding data security and control,
which is often lacking in a public cloud environment. It is not shared
with other organizations, whether managed internally or by a third-
party, and it can be hosted internally or externally.


Hybrid cloud
Hybrid Clouds are a composition of two or more
clouds (private, community or public) that remain
unique entities but are bound together offering the
advantages of multiple deployment models. In a
hybrid cloud, you can leverage third party cloud
providers in either a full or partial manner; increasing
the flexibility of computing. Augmenting a traditional
private cloud with the resources of a public cloud can
be used to manage any unexpected surges in
workload.


Components
SaaS (software as a service): SaaS refers to software that‟s made
available as a web-based service.
Utility computing: The predecessor of cloud computing, utility
computing provides the ability to access storage and virtual servers on
demand.
Cloud-based web services: Similar to Saas, web services in the cloud
allow you to offer services online, such as credit card processing services,
employee payroll processing or viewing an interactive map.
MSP (managed service providers): The grandfather of cloud computing,
an MSP delivers applications to IT instead of end-users.
IaaS (infrastructure as a service): IaaS refers to computer infrastructure
(e.g., virtualization) that‟s delivered as a service.


Recent Development’s
In 2007, Google, IBM, and a number of universities embarked on a
large scale cloud computing research project. In early 2008,
Eucalyptus became the first open source AWS API compatible
platform for deploying private clouds.


Flexibility: There is a high rate of flexibility.
Low Cost: Companies can save big by employing cloud computing as
it eliminates cost for hardware and software.
Speed & Scales: Traditional methods to buy and configure hardware
and software are time consuming.
Easier Management of Data and Information: Since all data are
located on a centralized location, data are more organized making it
easy to manage.
Device Diversity: We can access our applications and data anywhere
in the world, on any system.


Increased Storage Capacity: Increased Storage Capacity is another
benefit of the cloud computing, as it can store more data as compared
to a personal computer.
Easy to Learn and Understand: Since people are quiet used to cloud
applications like GMail, Google Docs, so anything related to the same
is most likely to be understood by the users.
Automatic Updating: It saves companies time and effort to update
multiples server.
Customize Setting: Cloud computing also allows you to customize
your business applications.


Dependency: One major disadvantages of cloud computing is user‟s
dependency on the provider.
Risk: Cloud computing services means taking services from remote
servers.
Requires a Constant internet connection: The most obvious
disadvantage is that Cloud computing completely relies on network
connections.
Security: Security and privacy are the biggest concerns about cloud
computing.
Migration Issue: Migration problem is also a big concern about cloud
computing.


Summary
So, while cloud computing is really great and you‟re probably
already using it, either for business of for personal means, here‟s
what we‟ve learned from taking a look at the pros and cons:
Cloud computing is a really cheap way for companies to have all
the resources they need in once place.
It‟s a much better way to spread your resources, and it
becomes easier to access things from longer distances.


Reference
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.studymafia.org



Cloud Computing
&
Grid Vs cloud

Definitions
“A pool of abstracted, highly scalable, and managed computer
infrastructure capable of hosting end-customer applications and
billed by consumption1”
“Cloud computing is an emerging approach to shared
infrastructure in which large pools of systems are linked
together to provide IT services.”


Defining the Segments
SaaS
Software as a Service
Storage as a Service
PaaS – Platform as a Service
IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service


Cloud “Applications”
In SaaS no need to buy expensive licensed applications
Examples: Sales Force, Gmail, Yahoo! Mail, Quicken Online
Instead of selling you a copy of Microsoft Word for $300, a cloud
computing model would "rent" word processing software to you
through the Internet for perhaps 5 dollars a month.
Advantages: Free, Easy, repair a single central copy of the product
online
Disadvantages: Limited functionality, no control or access to
underlying technology, you have to trust into the online software
vendors.


Cloud “Platforms”
“Containers”
“Closed” environments
Examples: Google App Engine(support only java & python),
,Force.com(support 16 languages)[5] ,Windows Azure(.Net,java,Php),
Mosso, Engine Yard, Joyent
Advantages: Good for developers, more control than “Application”
Clouds, tightly configured
Disadvantages: Restricted to what is available, other dependencies


Cloud “Infrastructure”
Provide “Compute” and “Storage” clouds
Virtualization layers (hardware/software)
Examples: Amazon EC2, GoGrid, Amazon S3, Nirvanix, Linode
Advantages: Full control of environments and infrastructure
Disadvantages: Premium price point, limited competition


Summary
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provides the user with virtual
infrastructure, such as servers and data storage space. This is
where virtualization fits into the cloud.
 Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides the user with development
environment services where the user can create and run home-grown
applications.
 Software as a Service (SaaS) provides the user with access to
already created applications that are operating in the cloud.


The “Cloud Pyramid”
Layers equate structure
Building blocks: Infrastructure, Platforms, Applications


The “Cloud Pyramid” Inversed
1000’s of Cloud Applications currently
Handful of Cloud Platforms
Elite group of Cloud Infrastructure providers


Cloud “Extenders”
Provides extension to Cloud Infrastructure and Platforms with basic
functionality
Examples: Amazon SimpleDB, Amazon SQS, Google BigTable
Advantages: Extends functionality of Compute & Storage Clouds to
integrate with other clouds
Disadvantages: Sometimes requires use of specific Platforms or
Infrastructure


Cloud “Aggregators”
Sits on top of various Cloud Infrastructures for management
Examples: RightScale, Appistry
Advantages: Provides more options for Cloud environments
Disadvantages: Dependent on Cloud Providers


The NEW “Cloud Pyramid”


Colo vs. Managed vs. Cloud Hosting

Colocation Managed Cloud
Time Weeks to Months Days to Weeks Minutes
Scalability Slowest, Rigid &
Costly
Slower, somewhat
flexible, Costly
Instant, Flexible,
Pay-per-usage
Cost High Costly, sometimes
month/year contracts
No contracts, usage
based, no upfront
costs
“Green” Low Low High - virtualized
Pricing model Buy Servers & Colo
costs whether used
or not
Rent Servers &
Hosting costs whether
used or not
Rent based on usage
only

Hosting Industry needs Change
Technology has evolved
People demand more control
Instant gratification
Managed is not dynamic enough
Cloud Computing - “Enabling Technology” to move from
Traditional Hosting to Cloud Hosting


The “Cloud” = 10X Improvements
Ease of Use
Scalability
Risk
Reliability
Cost


Ease of Use
Deploy infrastructure with a mouse or API
No cabling, screwdrivers, racking, unboxing, buying
Middle of the night
Do it yourself remotely from anywhere anytime


Scalability
1. Control your infrastructure with your application demands.
2. No need to purchase expensive hardware's for scalability.


Risk
1. Nothing to buy
2. Cancel immediately
3. Change instantly, even operating systems
4. Throw it out
5. Rebuild it instantly after testing

RISK

Reliability
1. Based on High quality hardware
2. Design for failures:
 Automatically spin up replacements
 Use multiple clouds


Cost
1. Pay for only what you use
2. No need to buy in advance
3. Zero Capital Outlay
4. No contracts


Grid Computing
Grid computing is the ability to process information by utilizing a
collection of networked heterogeneous information-processing
components (hardware and software), all of which are
provisioned from various geographical locations and across
organizational boundaries. [5]


Cont…
In grid computing the concept of Virtual Organizations (VOs) rises.
Which means that all resources were owned by a single organization.
 Two key outcomes exist in grids:
1. The Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA)
2. The Globus Toolkit.
OGSA means how grids are created and maintained.


Cont…
The Globus Toolkit is a software middleware package. All that is
required is to install and configure Globus and then create all required
resources and services.
grid security approach is the Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI) which
has been implemented in
the Globus Toolkit


Grid Projects
 NAREGI ( National Research Grid Initiative) is a grid project that
focuses on the research and development of grid middleware.
 The test contains almost 3000 CPUs and is capable of 17 teraflops of
processing power, offered from various research institutions throughout
Japan.
 BOINC is an Open-source software for volunteer computing and grid
computing.
 BOINC is supported by the National Science Foundation(SETI@home,
Climateprediction.net)


Grid vs Cloud
1. Neither grids nor clouds have a commonly accepted definition.
2. Grids are publicly funded and operated, whereas clouds are
privately funded and operated.
3. Grids and clouds are instantiations of distributed systems, which is a
common feature of them.
4. Grids evolve slowly and clouds evolve fast, and The level of
expertise to use a cloud is significantly lower than that of a grids.


References
1. Paul Lancaster Business Development Manager, GoGrid Site:
http://www.GoGrid.com
2. http://www. amazon.com
3. http://wikipedia.org
4. http://saasevolution.blogspot.com
5. Grids vs. Clouds, Michael Brock and Andrzej Goscinski ,School of
Information Technology , Deakin University ,Australia
6. http://boinc.berkeley.edu/


 Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new class of
network based computing that takes place over the Internet,
 basically a step on from Utility Computing
 a collection/group of integrated and networked hardware, software
and Internet infrastructure (called a platform).
 Using the Internet for communication and transport provides
hardware, software and networking services to clients
 These platforms hide the complexity and details of the underlying
infrastructure from users and applications by providing very simple
graphical interface or API (Applications Programming Interface).


In addition, the platform provides on demand services, that are
always on, anywhere, anytime and any place.
Pay for use and as needed, elastic
 scale up and down in capacity and functionalities
The hardware and software services are available to
 general public, enterprises, corporations and businesses markets


Cloud Summary
Cloud computing is an umbrella term used to refer to Internet
based development and services
A number of characteristics define cloud data, applications
services and infrastructure:
 Remotely hosted: Services or data are hosted on remote
infrastructure.
 Ubiquitous: Services or data are available from anywhere.
 Commodified: The result is a utility computing model similar to
traditional that of traditional utilities, like gas and electricity - you
pay for what you would want!


Cloud Architecture


What is Cloud Computing

 Shared pool of configurable computing resources
 On-demand network access
 Provisioned by the Service Provider

Cloud Computing Characteristics
Common Characteristics:
Essential Characteristics:

Low Cost Software
Virtualization Service Orientation
Advanced Security
Homogeneity
Massive Scale Resilient Computing
Geographic Distribution
Resource Pooling
Broad Network Access Rapid Elasticity
Measured Service
On Demand Self-Service

Cloud Service Models

Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim Grance
Software as a Service
(SaaS)
Platform as a
Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)
SalesForce CRM
LotusLive
Google App
Engine

SaaS Maturity Model

Level 2: Configurable per
customer
Level 3: configurable &
Multi-Tenant-Efficient
Level 1: Ad-Hoc/Custom –
One Instance per customer
Level 4: Scalable, Configurable
& Multi-Tenant-Efficient

Different Cloud Computing Layers

Application Service
(SaaS)
MS Live/ExchangeLabs, IBM,
Google Apps; Salesforce.com
Quicken Online, Zoho, Cisco
Application Platform Google App Engine, Mosso,
Force.com, Engine Yard,
Facebook, Heroku, AWS
Server Platform 3Tera, EC2, SliceHost, GoGrid,
RightScale, Linode
Storage Platform Amazon S3, Dell, Apple, ...

Cloud Computing Service Layers

Services
Application
Development
Platform
Storage
Hosting
Description
Services – Complete business services such as
PayPal, OpenID, OAuth, Google Maps, Alexa
Services
Application
Focused
Infrastructure
Focused
Application – Cloud based software that eliminates
the need for local installation such as Google Apps,
Microsoft Online
Storage – Data storage or cloud based NAS such as
CTERA, iDisk, CloudNAS
Development – Software development platforms
used to build custom cloud based applications
(PAAS & SAAS) such as SalesForce
Platform – Cloud based platforms, typically
provided using virtualization, such as Amazon
ECC, Sun Grid
Hosting – Physical data centers such as those run
by IBM, HP, NaviSite, etc.

Basic Cloud Characteristics
The “no-need-to-know” in terms of the underlying details of
infrastructure, applications interface with the infrastructure via the
APIs.
The “flexibility and elasticity” allows these systems to scale up
and down at will
 utilising the resources of all kinds
 CPU, storage, server capacity, load balancing, and databases
The “pay as much as used and needed” type of utility computing
and the “always on!, anywhere and any place” type of network-
based computing.


Basic Cloud Characteristics
Cloud are transparent to users and applications, they can be built in
multiple ways
 branded products, proprietary open source, hardware or software, or
just off-the-shelf PCs.
In general, they are built on clusters of PC servers and off-the-shelf
components plus Open Source software combined with in-house
applications and/or system software.


Software as a Service (SaaS)
SaaS is a model of software deployment where an application is
hosted as a service provided to customers across the Internet.
Saas alleviates the burden of software maintenance/support
 but users relinquish control over software versions and requirements.
Terms that are used in this sphere include
 Platform as a Service (PaaS) and
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)


Virtualization
Virtual workspaces:
 An abstraction of an execution environment that can be made
dynamically available to authorized clients by using well-defined
protocols,
 Resource quota (e.g. CPU, memory share),
 Software configuration (e.g. O/S, provided services).
Implement on Virtual Machines (VMs):
 Abstraction of a physical host machine,
 Hypervisor intercepts and emulates instructions
from VMs, and allows management of VMs,
 VMWare, Xen, etc.
Provide infrastructure API:
 Plug-ins to hardware/support structures

Hardware
OS
App App App
Hypervisor
OS OS
Virtualized Stack

Virtual Machines
 VM technology allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single
physical machine.

Hardware
Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) / Hypervisor
Guest OS
(Linux)
Guest OS
(NetBSD)
Guest OS
(Windows)
VM VM VM
AppApp AppAppApp
Xen
VMWare
UML
Denali
etc.
Performance: Para-virtualization (e.g. Xen) is very close to raw physical performance!

Virtualization in General
Advantages of virtual machines:
 Run operating systems where the physical hardware is unavailable,
 Easier to create new machines, backup machines, etc.,
 Software testing using “clean” installs of operating systems and
software,
 Emulate more machines than are physically available,
 Timeshare lightly loaded systems on one host,
 Debug problems (suspend and resume the problem machine),
 Easy migration of virtual machines (shutdown needed or not).
 Run legacy systems!


What is the purpose and benefits?
Cloud computing enables companies and applications, which are
system infrastructure dependent, to be infrastructure-less.
By using the Cloud infrastructure on “pay as used and on demand”,
all of us can save in capital and operational investment!
Clients can:
 Put their data on the platform instead of on their own desktop PCs
and/or on their own servers.
 They can put their applications on the cloud and use the servers within
the cloud to do processing and data manipulations etc.


Cloud-Sourcing
Why is it becoming a Big Deal:
Using high-scale/low-cost providers,
Any time/place access via web browser,
Rapid scalability; incremental cost and load sharing,
Can forget need to focus on local IT.
Concerns:
Performance, reliability, and SLAs,
Control of data, and service parameters,
Application features and choices,
Interaction between Cloud providers,
No standard API – mix of SOAP and REST!
Privacy, security, compliance, trust…


Some Commercial Cloud Offerings


Cloud Taxonomy


Cloud Storage
Several large Web companies are now exploiting the fact that they
have data storage capacity that can be hired out to others.
allows data stored remotely to be temporarily cached on desktop
computers, mobile phones or other Internet-linked devices.
Amazon‟s Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Simple Storage
Solution (S3) are well known examples
Mechanical Turk


Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)
 Unlimited Storage.
 Pay for what you use:
 $0.20 per GByte of data transferred,
 $0.15 per GByte-Month for storage used,
 Second Life Update:
• 1TBytes, 40,000 downloads in 24 hours - $200,


Utility Computing – EC2
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2):
 Elastic, marshal 1 to 100+ PCs via WS,
 Machine Specs…,
 Fairly cheap!
Powered by Xen – a Virtual Machine:
 Different from Vmware and VPC as uses “para-virtualization” where the
guest OS is modified to use special hyper-calls:
 Hardware contributions by Intel (VT-x/Vanderpool) and AMD (AMD-V).
 Supports “Live Migration” of a virtual machine between hosts.
Linux, Windows, OpenSolaris
Management Console/AP


EC2 – The Basics
Load your image onto S3 and register it.
Boot your image from the Web Service.
Open up required ports for your image.
Connect to your image through SSH.
Execute you application…


Opportunities and Challenges
 The use of the cloud provides a number of opportunities:
 It enables services to be used without any understanding of their
infrastructure.
 Cloud computing works using economies of scale:
 It potentially lowers the outlay expense for start up companies,
as they would no longer need to buy their own software or
servers.
 Cost would be by on-demand pricing.
 Vendors and Service providers claim costs by establishing an
ongoing revenue stream.
 Data and services are stored remotely but accessible from
“anywhere”.


Opportunities and Challenges
In parallel there has been backlash against cloud computing:
Use of cloud computing means dependence on others and that could possibly limit
flexibility and innovation:
 The others are likely become the bigger Internet companies like Google and IBM,
who may monopolise the market.
 Some argue that this use of supercomputers is a return to the time of mainframe
computing that the PC was a reaction against.
Security could prove to be a big issue:
 It is still unclear how safe out-sourced data is and when using these services
ownership of data is not always clear.
There are also issues relating to policy and access:
 If your data is stored abroad whose policy do you adhere to?
 What happens if the remote server goes down?
 How will you then access files?
 There have been cases of users being locked out of accounts and losing access to data.


 Lower computer costs:
 You do not need a high-powered and high-priced computer to run
cloud computing's web-based applications.
 Since applications run in the cloud, not on the desktop PC, your
desktop PC does not need the processing power or hard disk space
demanded by traditional desktop software.
 When you are using web-based applications, your PC can be less
expensive, with a smaller hard disk, less memory, more efficient
processor...
 In fact, your PC in this scenario does not even need a CD or DVD
drive, as no software programs have to be loaded and no
document files need to be saved.


 Improved performance:
 With few large programs hogging your computer's memory, you will
see better performance from your PC.
 Computers in a cloud computing system boot and run faster because
they have fewer programs and processes loaded into memory…
 Reduced software costs:
 Instead of purchasing expensive software applications, you can get
most of what you need for free-ish!
 most cloud computing applications today, such as the Google Docs suite.
 better than paying for similar commercial software
 which alone may be justification for switching to cloud applications.


 Instant software updates:
 Another advantage to cloud computing is that you are no longer faced
with choosing between obsolete software and high upgrade costs.
 When the application is web-based, updates happen automatically
 available the next time you log into the cloud.
 When you access a web-based application, you get the latest version
 without needing to pay for or download an upgrade.
 Improved document format compatibility.
 You do not have to worry about the documents you create on your
machine being compatible with other users' applications or OSes
 There are potentially no format incompatibilities when everyone is
sharing documents and applications in the cloud.


Unlimited storage capacity:
 Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage.
 Your computer's current 1 Tbyte hard drive is small compared to the
hundreds of Pbytes available in the cloud.
Increased data reliability:
 Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk crashes and destroy
all your valuable data, a computer crashing in the cloud should not
affect the storage of your data.
 if your personal computer crashes, all your data is still out there in the cloud,
still accessible
 In a world where few individual desktop PC users back up their data on
a regular basis, cloud computing is a data-safe computing platform!


 Universal document access:
 That is not a problem with cloud computing, because you do not take
your documents with you.
 Instead, they stay in the cloud, and you can access them whenever
you have a computer and an Internet connection
 Documents are instantly available from wherever you are
 Latest version availability:
 When you edit a document at home, that edited version is what you
see when you access the document at work.
 The cloud always hosts the latest version of your documents
 as long as you are connected, you are not in danger of having an
outdated version


 Easier group collaboration:
 Sharing documents leads directly to better collaboration.
 Many users do this as it is an important advantages of cloud
computing
 multiple users can collaborate easily on documents and projects
 Device independence.
 You are no longer tethered to a single computer or network.
 Changes to computers, applications and documents follow you
through the cloud.
 Move to a portable device, and your applications and documents are
still available.


 Requires a constant Internet connection:
 Cloud computing is impossible if you cannot connect to the Internet.
 Since you use the Internet to connect to both your applications and
documents, if you do not have an Internet connection you cannot
access anything, even your own documents.
 A dead Internet connection means no work and in areas where
Internet connections are few or inherently unreliable, this could be a
deal-breaker.


 Does not work well with low-speed connections:
 Similarly, a low-speed Internet connection, such as that found with
dial-up services, makes cloud computing painful at best and often
impossible.
 Web-based applications require a lot of bandwidth to download, as
do large documents.
 Features might be limited:
 This situation is bound to change, but today many web-based
applications simply are not as full-featured as their desktop-based
applications.
 For example, you can do a lot more with Microsoft PowerPoint than
with Google Presentation's web-based offering


 Can be slow:
 Even with a fast connection, web-based applications can sometimes
be slower than accessing a similar software program on your desktop
PC.
 Everything about the program, from the interface to the current
document, has to be sent back and forth from your computer to the
computers in the cloud.
 If the cloud servers happen to be backed up at that moment, or if the
Internet is having a slow day, you would not get the instantaneous
access you might expect from desktop applications.


 Stored data might not be secure:
 With cloud computing, all your data is stored on the cloud.
 The questions is How secure is the cloud?
 Can unauthorised users gain access to your confidential data?
 Stored data can be lost:
 Theoretically, data stored in the cloud is safe, replicated across
multiple machines.
 But on the off chance that your data goes missing, you have no
physical or local backup.
 Put simply, relying on the cloud puts you at risk if the cloud lets you
down.


 HPC Systems:
 Not clear that you can run compute-intensive HPC applications that
use MPI/OpenMP!
 Scheduling is important with this type of application
 as you want all the VM to be co-located to minimize communication
latency!
 General Concerns:
 Each cloud systems uses different protocols and different APIs
 may not be possible to run applications between cloud based systems
 Amazon has created its own DB system (not SQL 92), and workflow
system (many popular workflow systems out there)
 so your normal applications will have to be adapted to execute on these
platforms.


The Future
Many of the activities loosely grouped together under cloud
computing have already been happening and centralised
computing activity is not a new phenomena
Grid Computing was the last research-led centralised approach
However there are concerns that the mainstream adoption of cloud
computing could cause many problems for users
Many new open source systems appearing that you can install and
run on your local cluster
should be able to run a variety of applications on these systems


Case Study


Lucid Software
Online Diagram Software
Online Print & Digital Publishing
Large Documents
Real-time Collaboration
All Changes Tracked
Vector Graphics
High Quality Images


Tech at Lucid

Google Closure
Javascript
PHP
Sharded MongoDB
Sharded MySQL
NodeJS
SOA
Scala
Play!
Chef
Zabbix, Graphite
AWS

Lucid on AWS

Elastic Compute Cloud
Virtual Private Cloud
Elastic Block Store
Auto Scaling
Elastic Load Balancing
Simple Storage Service
CloudFront
Export/Import
Relational Database Service
Route53
Simple Notification Service
Simple Email Service
Availability Zones
Regions

Why Lucid Chose Amazon VPC
Pricing
Interoperability
Enhanced Features
Security


Other Benefits
ELB security groups
Network ACLs
Elastic IP associations
VPN support
Reserved instance transfers


Drawbacks
NAT cost and maintenance
Setup time
New terminology
Private subnet accessibility
Internal DNS names defaults


Things You Should Know
EIPs or Public IPs in public subnets
NAT
Not special
Public subnet
Subnets
Route tables
Network ACLs
DHCP




Migration Constraints
EC2 & VPC communication
NAT traffic
Not Shared:
Security groups
Load balancers
Auto Scale groups
Elastic IPs
EIP Limits
Shared:
Instance Limit
EBS volumes
Snapshots
Instance Sizes
Zones
Regions


Migration Plan
Move top layer first
Move one layer at a time
Meticulously manage security groups
Move monitoring/utility servers last
http://nineofclouds.blogspot.com/search/label/VPC


Starting Layout


Move Web servers First


Move Services Next


Move Databases Last




5. Setup & Terminology
Subnets
DHCP
Network ACLs
Routes
Internet Gateway
Unavoidable


4. Security Groups
Groups Not Shared
EC2 open to NAT
Use Scripts
Avoidable using public subnets


3. Access Private Subnets
Open VPN
High Availability
SSH Tunnels
Unavoidable


2. Mongo DB Migration
Election Algorithm
Intermediate Move to Public Subnet
15 min Downtime


1. NAT Bandwidth
NAT was t1.micro
Databases in EC2
Applications in VPC
Not enough bandwidth through NAT
Avoidable



Assignment 1
Written Assignment on Cloud (Due Week 2ND)
Assignment 2
Practical implementation of Virtualization tool and screenshot of working e.g. install VMWARE player and run linux OS
(Due Week 3RD)
Assignment 3
AMAZON EC2 setup on web (Due 4TH)
Please send screenshots indicating the virtual version is running
Assignment 4
Write on the following points
a)Cloud Computing Intro
b)Advantages Disadvantages of Cloud
c)Different Service Models
For each service model (SaaS,IaaS & PaaS) explain the features and one example and
writeup on that .
This is is handwritten assignment due before last session
Assignment 4
Write on the following points
a)Cloud Computing Intro
b)Advantages Disadvantages of Cloud
c)Different Service Models
For each service model (SaaS,IaaS & PaaS) explain the features and one example and
writeup on that .
This is is handwritten assignment due before last session
ASSIGNMENTS

Three Major Trends to Chang the World

Cloud Computing
MobileBig Data

什麼是雲端運算？
美國國家標準技術研究所 (NIST)的定義:

Essential
Characteristics
Service Models
Deployment Models
以服務(as-a-service)的商業模式，透過Internet技術，提供具有擴充性
(scalable)和彈性(elastic)的IT相關功能給使用者

It’s About the Ecosystem

IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
Cloud
Computing
Generate
Big Data
Lead
Business Insights
create
Competition, Innovation,
Productivity
Structured, Semi-
structured
Enterprise Data Warehouse

What is BigData?

A set of files A database A single file

What is the problem

Getting the data to the processors
becomes the bottleneck
Quick calculation
Typical disk data transfer rate:
 75MB/sec
Time taken to transfer 100GB of
data to the processor:
 approx. 22 minutes!

The Era of Big Data – Are You Ready
Businesses are driving the growth of big data. The capable data
storage, efficient management, and capturing values to business values
of huge size of data are enterprise big challenges.
Overwhelming quantities of big data will challenge enterprise storage
infrastructure and data center architecture which will cause chain
reactions in database storage, data mining, business intelligence, cloud
computing, and computing application.

Data for business commercial analysis
• 2011: multi-terabyte (TB)
• 2020: 35.2 ZB (1 ZB = 1 billion TB)

Who Needs It?

Enterprise Database Hadoop
When to use?
• Ad-hoc Reporting (<1sec)
• Multi-step Transactions
• Lots of Inserts/Updates/Deletes
When to use?
• Affordable Storage/Computer
• Unstructured or Semi-structured
• Resilient Auto Scalability



– inspired by
Apache Hadoop project
inspired by Google's MapReduce and Google File System papers.
Open sourced, flexible and available architecture for large scale
computation and data processing on a network of commodity
hardware
Open Source Software + Hardware Commodity
IT Costs Reduction


HDFS
Hadoop Distributed File System
Redundancy
Fault Tolerant
Scalable
Self Healing
Write Once, Read Many Times
Java API
Command Line Tool


MapReduce
Two Phases of Functional Programming
Redundancy
Fault Tolerant
Scalable
Self Healing
Java API


Facebook Messages


Facebook Open Source Stack
Memcached --> App Server Cache
ZooKeeper --> Small Data Coordination Service
HBase --> Database Storage Engine
HDFS --> Distributed FileSystem
Hadoop --> Asynchronous Map-Reduce Jobs




2017 Cloud Computing Primer

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