Remote Sensing for Environmental Hazard Mitigation

Remote Sensing in Environmental
Hazard Mitigation:
Examples from ESCWA region
Muscat-Seeb, Oman Ralf Klingbeil,
19-22 December 2010 Regional Advisor Environment & Water

Outline
• ESCWA and Sustainable Development and
Productivity Division - SDPD
• Remote Sensing in Environmental Hazard Mitigation
– General Aspects
– Lebanon, Oil Spill
– Saudi Arabia, Flooding
– Arab region, UAE: Sea Level Rise
– West Asia: Dust Storms
• ESCWA Regional Advisor (RA) services
– ESCWA Technical Cooperation (TC)
– Requests from Oman

01 February, 2012 www.escwa.un.org 2

UN ESCWA and the
Regional Dimension in the UN

ECE
1947

ESCWA
ECLAC 1973
1948

ECA ESCAP
1958 1947


UN ESCWA
• 1973 founded as ECWA –
Economic Commission for Western Asia
• 1985 renamed as ESCWA - Economic and
Social Commission for Western Asia
• Stages:
– 1973-1982 Beirut,
– 1982-1991 Baghdad,
– 1991-1997 Amman,
– since 1997 Beirut


UN ESCWA
• 14 Member Countries
• Bahrain
• Egypt
• Iraq
• Jordan
• Kuwait
• Lebanon
• Qatar
• Oman
• Palestine
• Saudi Arabia
• Sudan
• Syrian Arab Republic
• United Arab Emirates
• Yemen

Organizational
Chart


SDPD - Issues
Productive
Energy Water
Sectors

§ Energy efficiency § Integrated water § Competitiveness
§ Access to modern resource and productivity of
energy services management SMEs
§ Renewable (IWRM) § Environmentally
energies § Management of sound technologies
§ Advanced/cleaner shared water § Sustainable
fossil fuels resources agriculture and
§ Rural electrification § Improved water rural development
§ Sustainable energy supply and § Trade and
use in transport sanitation environment

Cross-cutting issues:

§ Climate change adaptation and mitigation
§ Sustainable consumption and production
§ Green economy


Outline
– General Aspects


Remote Sensing and
Geographic Information Systems
• Overview
• Examples
– Shaban, A., et al., 2007:
A Post-Conflict Assessment to Interpret the
Distribution of Oil Spill Off-Shore Lebanon Using
Remote Sensing. Leb. Sc. J., 8, 2, 2007, pp. 75-85.
– Al Saud, M., 2010:
Assessment of Flood Hazard of Jeddah Area 2009,
Saudi Arabia. JWARP, 2010, 2, pp. 839-847.
– Ghoneim, E., 2009:
A Remote Sensing Study of Some Impacts of Global
Warming on the Arab Region. AFED, Annual report
2009 on Climate Change, pp. 31-46.


Airborne Survey or Remote Sensing
Airborne Survey Space Tracking

Purpose ?

Aerial photo Satellite Images

after A. Shaban

Commonly used satellite images
and their specifications
Satellite # Bands Resolution Revisit time Swath width Altitude

30 m,
Landsat 7 183 km x
7 120 m thermal, 16 days 705 km
ETM 183 km
15 m pan.

5 m, 60 km x
SPOT 5 26 days 905 km
2.5 m pan. 63 km

15 m VNIR,
60 km x
ASTER 14 30 m SWIR, 16 days 705 km
60 km
90 m TIR.

11.3 km x
IKONOS 5 0.82 m 3 days 681 km
11.3 km

16.5 km x
Quick Bird 5 0.61 m 1-3 days 450 km
16.5 km

250 m, 2030 km
MODIS 36 2 days 705 km
1 km x 1354 km

after A. Shaban

NASA Present and Future Space Missions
Those written in Yellow are
satellite to be lunched . NASA Present and Future Space
Missions

(NASA, 2009)

RS and GIS for Flood Control

after A. Shaban

RS and GIS for
Flash Flood Hazard Assessment

Rainfall
Rainfall Elevation
Elevation

Drainage Density Flow Volume
Drainage Flow
Density Volume

Hazard
ZonesZones
Hazard

Fracture
Fracture Density Slope Slope
Density
Basin
Basin Shape
Shape
G. Al-Rowas

RS and GIS for
Flash Flood Hazard Assessment

Rainfall regime

Flood plain

Drainage

Syria Catchment

Infiltration capacity

Land cover/use

Flood-prone area
01 February, 2012 www.escwa.un.org after A. Shaban 15

Rainfall Data
http://disc2.nascom.nasa.gov/Giovanni/tovas/TRMM_V6.3B42.2.shtml
TRMM Tropical Rainfall
Mapping Mission

Radar based tool

after A. Shaban Data can be graphically illustrated

Rainfall Data
TRMM
Precipitation
(Tropical Rainfall
(mm)
Mapping Mission)

Daily Rainfall
data available
Beirut

after A. Shaban

Groundwater Pollution Risk

Elements of Weight of
Factor impact influence

Fracture system Fracture density 25%

Clay content, secondary
Lithology porosity
20%

GIS
Drainage Drainage density 20%

Flow energy/ 15%
Slope
accumulation

Land cover/use Land surface sealing 20%

after A. Shaban

Groundwater Recharge Zones

GIS Layers

GIS
Groundwater Recharge Potential Map
after A. Shaban

Pollution Risk from Landfills
in Fractured Rocks
Identifying fractures (breaks)
landfills

1200m

Transport of contaminated water from
landfill along a fault to the river water

after A. Shaban

Natural Hazards:
Earthquakes and Reservoirs
Natural Hazards

Constructing a dam at the
cross-section of two faults:
a dangerous practice.

after A. Shaban

Monitoring Oil spills by
continues airborne survey using LIDAR
NASA-DC-8 Scanning
LIDAR

Real-time LIDAR
Display

Oil spills

Arabian Gulf
after A. Shaban

Lebanon: Oil Spill, 2006

after A. Shaban


after A. Shaban

Saudi Arabia: Flooding, Jeddah, 2009

after M. Al Saud


after M. Al Saud


01 February, 2012 www.escwa.un.org Al Saud
after M. 28

Arab Region: Sea Level Rise, 1m – 5m

after E. Ghoneim

UAE: DEM, SLR = 1m
1.2% of Sharjah, 8.1% Ajman, 5.9% U.A.Q.

after E. Ghoneim

West Asia: Dust Storm, May 2005
Total length: 1700 km

after E. Ghoneim

Outline
– General Aspects


Regional Advisor services
as part of Technical Cooperation
• Coordinating RA services:
Technical Cooperation Section (TCS) in the
Programme Planning and Technical Cooperation
Division (PPTCD)
• TC-Network:
Coordination with
national Focal Points for
Technical Cooperation
• National TC workshops:
Jordan, Oman and Palestine
• Multi-disciplinary missions:
Sudan and Yemen


• Regular Programme of Technical Cooperation
(RPTC) budget:
– 2008-2009: 2,269,800 USD/year
(4,539,600 USD/biennium)
– 2010: 2,423,600 USD/year,
Δ +6.7 %
• RPTC budget allotment for Integrated
Management of Natural Resources for
Sustainable Development - SDPD:
– 2008-2009: 289,250 USD/year
(578,500 USD/biennium) : 12.7 %
– 2010: 329,100 USD/year : 13.6 % , Δ +13,8 %

• ESCWA RA services in
– National Accounts &
Economic Statistics
– Macroeconomic Policy
– Empowerment &
Advancement of
Women
– ENVIRONMENT & WATER
– Social Statistics
– Social Policy
– Information &
Communication
Technology (ICT)


RA requests Env & Wat 2009-10

Total: 98
Environment: 38
Water: 60 Status: 06 Oct 2010


RA requests Env & Wat 2009-10

Total: 98 / Environment: 38, Water: 60 Status: 06 Oct 2010

Fields of Regional Advisor services
UN ESCWA provides RA services through
• Regional Advisor on Environment and Water,
• ESCWA / SDPD Staff Members or
• Specialised consultants

in the form of
• Strategy / Policy level:
– Assistance in strategic national sector planning
– Reviewing of national / regional studies
– Backstopping on national level assessments
• Technical advice:
– Support in technical studies on national, regional or local level
• Capacity development:
– Training courses on specific fields
– Exchange programmes with other Member Countries


Strategy Level - Water
• Ministry of Economy and Planning (MoEP),
Saudi Arabia
• Date of request: July 2009

• MoEP commissioned by His Majesty the King of
Saudi Arabia, the Custodian of the Two Holy
Mosques, to lead a Steering Committee of five
ministries (MoEP, MoWE, MoF, MoCI, MoA)
• MoEP requested ESCWA RA assistance in
supervision of consultancy “Assessment and
Strategic Management of the Water Sector”
– Assist government / MoEP in reviewing consultancy study
– Comment to MoEP on progress reports of the consultants
– Offer recommendations to MoEP for issues which might
need to be addressed
– Contribute to the overall review of the consultancy report at
the end of the study period
UNEP/GRID, 2004

Strategy Level - Water
• Ministry of Economy and Planning (MoEP),
Saudi Arabia
• Date of request: July 2009

• Review meetings with MoEP, consultant
and other resource persons
• 5 missions, 2-3 days each, over 8 months
(July 2009 – February 2010)
• Review and comments on consultant
progress reports and draft final report
• ESCWA RA assisted MoEP in the progress
of the comprehensive national assessment
of the water sector in Saudi Arabia


Policy - Water
• Ministry of Municipalities and Agricultural Affairs
(MMAA), Bahrain
• Date of request: September 2010

• MMAA requested ESCWA RA assistance in
discussing aspects of Managed Aquifer Recharge
(MAR) with concerned stakeholders, and
reviewing and assessing on-going work on MAR
in Bahrain
– ESCWA RA attended
1st Ad-hoc National Technical Consultation Group
meeting on Managed Aquifer Recharge in Bahrain
– Proposal for institutionalization of national dialogue
process under the newly set up
National Water Resources Council
– Commented on-going technical work

Rausch, 2008

Capacity Development - Water
• Public Authority of Electricity and Water (PAEW),
Sultanate of Oman
• Date of request: May 2009

• PAEW through the Ministry of National Economy (MoNE) requested
ESCWA RA assistance in conducting a national training course for
drinking water quality
– ESCWA RA services arranged for two
consultants from Jordan and Lebanon
to conduct a one week training course
on drinking water quality for government
institutions from Oman
– Training course took place in
October 2009
– 60 participants from different
government institutions in Oman


Requests from Oman
• MoNE: National Focal Point for the
Coordination of TC Requests to ESCWA
• Requests in the filed of environment and
water from:
– Ministry of National Economy – MoNE
– Ministry of Commerce and Industry – MoCI
– Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs –
MECA
– Ministry of Regional Municipalities and Water
Resources – MRMWR
– Public Authority for Electricity and Water – PAEW

Requests from Oman
Institution Activity / Background Status
MoNE Mainstreaming of environment in Ongoing,
sector planning to be discussed
MoCI 1. Establishment of a database; ESCWA proposal
2. Establishment of a funding system National Workshop
for SMEs; “Green Future of
3. Evaluation of SMEs within national SMEs in Oman”,
economic indicators; to be discussed
4. Assistance in devising policies for
development of SMEs.
MRMWR New / re-estimation of Ongoing
national water budget
MRMWR "Regional Training Workshop on Ongoing
Application of GIS and RS in Water
Resources Management“

Requests from Oman
PAEW Assessment of and training on quality Draft Consultant
control and quality assurance in Vacancy
drinking water laboratories Announcement,
to be discussed
PAEW Suitable drinking water quality limits for Ongoing.
Boron Draft report to be
discussed
PAEW National drinking water quality Vacancy
reporting Announcement,
to be drafted
MRMWR Water demand management Awaits further
clarification from
MRMWR


Requests from Oman
MRMWR Hydrogeological map and groundwater DONE,
database 08-09 Oct 2009,
04-16 Jan 2010
MRMWR Groundwater contaminant solute DONE,
transport modelling (consultant, 08-12 May 2010
training)
MRMWR Review of studies DONE,
08-09 Oct 2009
PAEW Drinking Water Quality (consultants, DONE,
training) 10-14 Oct 2009


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