1. PRESENTED BY:
DR.RITIKA MUNDHRA
II YEAR PG

11. ANACHORESIS THROUGH BACTEREMIA
SHELTERED BY PHAGOCYTOSIS
PREVENT OR DELAY HEALING OF
PRIAPICAL TISSUES
The results concluded that the
apical fluids, from the blood serum
diffuse into the empty canal
spaces, stagnate, undergo
degradation and then act as a
physiochemical irritant when they
diffuse back into the periapical

13. Amlani H, Hegde V. Microleakage:Apical Seal vs Coronal Seal.
World J Dent 2013;4(2):113-116.

15. IN PRESENCE OF VITAL PULP TISSUE OR PARTIALLY
VITAL PULP
Obturation at initial visit precludes contamination
due to coronal leakage during the period between
visits
IN PRESENCE OF NECROTIC PULP TISSUE
WITH OR WITHOUT PERIRADICULAR PATHOSIS
Can be treated in a single visit
Obturation of canals that cannot be dried due to
presence of exudates is contraindicated

16. GROVE 1929
CEMENTO DENTINAL
JUNCTION
corresponds to maximum
apical constriction
By obturating to this
point root canal is
obturated without
invading periapical
tissues
COOLIDGE 1929
1.Site of CDJ is variable
2.It has unclear limits, found
@different levels within the
canal
Supported by ORBANS
SKILLEN 1929
It is histologically
impossible to determine a
point in the canal where
pulpal tissue ends and
periapical tissue begins
RICUCCI AND LAGELAND
1920
Neither Radiographic
terminus nor CDJ
Apical limit should be at
the ‘Apical Constriction’
ONE MILLIMETER
TECHNIQUE
1mm short of the
radiographic apex but cannot
be used as can result in
instrumentation short of true
canal terminus leading to
presence of infected debris
and treatment failure
SCHILDER
Should be 0.5 to 1mm from
the ‘radiographic terminus
of the root canal’

22. 12. Easily removed from the root canal, if
necessary
13. Easily manipulable
14. Sticking to the canal walls
15. Nonconductor of thermal changes
16. Slightly expandable after placement
17. Able to set in a reasonable period of time
6. Nonstaining to teeth
7. Preferably semisolid upon
insertion and solid afterward
8. Capable of sealing canals
laterally as well as apically
9. Impervious to moisture
10. Radiopaque
11. Sterile or sterilizable

23. PASTE AND
CEMENTS
SOLID
MATERIALS
SEMI SOLID
MATERIALS
Sealers are self-hardening cements used in conjunction with solid or semi-solid
materials that serve as the core of the obturation.
Sometimes, clinicians use certain cements to fill the entire root canal without
another core obturation material. These cements set and transform into a firm
mass after insertion in the canal.
Pastes (such as Iodoformic paste or calcium hydroxyde) are used to fill the
entire canal. In contrast to sealers/cements, however, they do not harden once
placed in the canal and are easily resorbable.

29. 1.SILVER POINTS (JASPER 1933)
He proposed that they be used to obturate very narrow and
tortuous canals. It was conceived that, in such cases, a more
rigid material than gutta-percha was needed
ease of handling silver points, coupled with less canal
enlargement, led to the misuse and abuse of silver points
causing numerous treatment failures.
Radiographically, shows high radiopacity

31. It is derived from a rubber base obtained
from certain tropical plants (from Malaysia,
Borneo, Indonesia, South Africa, and Brazil)
belonging to the genera Sapotaceae.
COMPOSITION
18% to 22% gutta-percha ( matrix)
59% to 76% zinc oxide (the filler)
1% to 4% waxes and resins (plasticizers)
1% to 18% metal sulfates. (radiopacity)
ADVANTAGES OF GUTTA PERCHA
It adapts to the canal walls because of its compact ability .However, once
softened by heat, it can be compacted against the canal walls and collapse any
voids present in the commercial product.
stable in size.
Rather than being
distinguished by
number, they are
distinguished by size:
extra-fine, finefine, fine,
medium fine, fine-
medium, medium,
mediumlarge, large, and
extra-large.

34. Recently, new rotary shaping systems have been
introduced, each having their own gutta-percha
points to match the shape created by the
particular rotary file system used. This is valid
for many rotary or reciprocating NiTi File
systems, like GTX Rotary, ProTaper Universal,
WaveOne, ProTaper Next
Availability

35. ARMAMENTARIUM
These instruments are referred to as
compactors or “pluggers”. Serrations at five
millimeter intervals help to assess the
working depth of each instrument.

39. COMPOSITION

43. The gutta-percha point should reach
the working length and show to have
retention inside the root canal (tug-
back).
After the appropriate cone fit has been
confirmed on the radiograph, the tip of
the cone is cut so as to be slightly short
with respect to the preparation
If the gutta-percha cones
are not shortened?
They will protrude
beyond the apical
foramen as a result of
the vertical force until
its cross-section is
almost equal to, if not
greater than, the
diameter of the apical
foramen

46. HYDRAULIC EFFECT

52. HOTSHOT GUTTAFLOW

58. Yee et al.,188 Torabinejad et al.,183 and Marlin et al

65. 42°C–49°C
On Cooling 37-40 C
Recrystallization phase
MECHANISM

69. HOTSHOT GUTTAFLOW

75. Thermaprep Oven

76. NOTE:-

77. SIMPLIFIL
SUCCESS FIL
The plastic carriers are composed of two nontoxic materials. Sizes #20 to #40 are manufactured
from a liquid crystal plastic. Sizes #40 to #90 are composed of polysulfone polymer. Both have
similar physical characteristics, with the polysulfone carriers being susceptible to dissolution in
chloroform
Cores have safe, Non-cutting tips &
are highly flexible for use in curved
or straight canals. Biocompatible
implant-grade titanium alloy cores
are provided uncoated for trial
seating and radiographic
confirmation.

82. SWITCH ON