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THE THREE WORLDS

     Worlds Together, Worlds Apart

             Pages 769-783

 WTWA: Companion Reader, pp. 350-354

     Amanda Abrams and Qiaxian Johnson
THE FIRST WORLD

• United States influenced

• In early 1950’s, this was Western Europe, North America, and later
  Japan.

   – Liberal Modernism – organize world on basis of capitalism and
     democracy

• Sometimes allied with 3rd world dictators to combat communism
POSITIVE EFFECT                   Negative Effect
• The post-war period was
  marked by economies of           • Fear of communism
  recovery and prosperity          –   Atomic weapons
  thanks to U.S. investment in     –   McCarthyism in the US
  Europe and Japan.                –   Spread of communism in Asia
                                   –   Nearly ¼ of citizens lived in
                                       poverty
• U.S. high prosperity following
  the war                          • Western Europe – Cold
                                     War slowed efforts to
   – Homeownership more common       punish Fascists, Nazis, and
                                     collaborators
   – Suburban development
                                   – Fear complete de-
   – High birth rates
                                     Nazification would leave
                                     Germany weak and
   – Civil rights movements          susceptible to
                                     communism
       • NAACP
THE SECOND WORLD


• Soviet Union influenced

   – Determined to insulate itself from future aggression from the
     west, created buffer states.

• Eastern and central Europe, Mongolia, and North Korea.
SECOND WORLD (CONT.)
Pro                                  Con

• Rapid industrialization        • The Stalinist Soviet system
• state management of the          suppressed dissent and
                                   anyone it considered
  economy with a cradle-to-        dangerous to the state
  grave comprehensive welfare       – returning POWs were sent to
  system                              camps after being released from
                                      German camps because they had
• Soviet science gained               had too much contact with
                                      foreigners
  worldwide acclaim, especially     – Security police massacred strikers
  after the launching of Sputnik      in Poland
  in 1957
THE THIRD WORLD
• Term coined by French intellectuals

   – “third estate” – represented majority of population but was
     oppressed

• 1960’s large bloc of countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America

   – All recently decolonized and create more just societies than First
     and Second worlds.

       • Stronger democracy than 1st and rapid development like the
         2nd
THIRD WORLD
                       DRAWBACKS

• impeded by the multi-national corporations and by the
  financial system (IMF and World Bank)
• US and USSR opposed Third World neutrality and
  impeded Third World autonomy
• Both superpowers sought “client states,” and
  contributed to the militarization of the Third World
• many new countries had become debtor states, ruled
  by corrupt regimes supported by one of the
  superpowers
THIRD WORLD
                              REVOLUTIONS
• Mao Zedong – 1958, introduced Great Leap Forward
  (unsuccessful)
   – 1966 Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
      • Rid country of old customs, old culture, old habits, and old ideas

          – “Lost Generation” sent to country side to reeducate


• In Guatemala, the CIA toppled the progressive government
  of Jacobo Arbenz in 1954
• in Cuba, Fidel Castro launched a successful guerilla war
  against the US-backed Batista regime in the late 1950s
• Che Guevara (1928-1967), Marxist revolutionary and
  champion of the Cuban Revolution and Third World
POST WAR TENSIONS: FIRST WORLD
•   Civil Rights Movements

    •   African American Civil Rights, NAACP

        •   Integration, racial tensions cause riots

    •   feminism: March in NYC 1970

        •   Friedan, women more independent, work oriented rather than family oriented, sexual
            revolution and birth control

•   Anti-War Movements

    •   Kent State Shooting: Anti-Vietnam

        •   lead to heightened non-violent civil disobedience, along with Ghandi and MLK, Jr.
POST WAR TENSIONS: SECOND WORLD/
               COMMUNISM
•   Soviet Union Control

    •   Buffer countries were against such a strong-hold of communist
        control

        •   Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia

            •   Prague Spring of 1968: political reforms to try to loosen
                control -> caused tensions between USSR and satellites

            •   USSR response: give limited political freedom in exchange for
                loyalty
RESULTS
•   Decolonization was now complete

•   Three World Order replaced old European dominance

    •   US and USSR now superpowers, not Europe

    •   “nation-states” now form of organizing, not empires

        •   states given more power because they were no longer under
            control of a “mother-country”

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The three worlds

  • 1. THE THREE WORLDS Worlds Together, Worlds Apart Pages 769-783 WTWA: Companion Reader, pp. 350-354 Amanda Abrams and Qiaxian Johnson
  • 2. THE FIRST WORLD • United States influenced • In early 1950’s, this was Western Europe, North America, and later Japan. – Liberal Modernism – organize world on basis of capitalism and democracy • Sometimes allied with 3rd world dictators to combat communism
  • 3. POSITIVE EFFECT Negative Effect • The post-war period was marked by economies of • Fear of communism recovery and prosperity – Atomic weapons thanks to U.S. investment in – McCarthyism in the US Europe and Japan. – Spread of communism in Asia – Nearly ¼ of citizens lived in poverty • U.S. high prosperity following the war • Western Europe – Cold War slowed efforts to – Homeownership more common punish Fascists, Nazis, and collaborators – Suburban development – Fear complete de- – High birth rates Nazification would leave Germany weak and – Civil rights movements susceptible to communism • NAACP
  • 4. THE SECOND WORLD • Soviet Union influenced – Determined to insulate itself from future aggression from the west, created buffer states. • Eastern and central Europe, Mongolia, and North Korea.
  • 5. SECOND WORLD (CONT.) Pro Con • Rapid industrialization • The Stalinist Soviet system • state management of the suppressed dissent and anyone it considered economy with a cradle-to- dangerous to the state grave comprehensive welfare – returning POWs were sent to system camps after being released from German camps because they had • Soviet science gained had too much contact with foreigners worldwide acclaim, especially – Security police massacred strikers after the launching of Sputnik in Poland in 1957
  • 6. THE THIRD WORLD • Term coined by French intellectuals – “third estate” – represented majority of population but was oppressed • 1960’s large bloc of countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America – All recently decolonized and create more just societies than First and Second worlds. • Stronger democracy than 1st and rapid development like the 2nd
  • 7. THIRD WORLD DRAWBACKS • impeded by the multi-national corporations and by the financial system (IMF and World Bank) • US and USSR opposed Third World neutrality and impeded Third World autonomy • Both superpowers sought “client states,” and contributed to the militarization of the Third World • many new countries had become debtor states, ruled by corrupt regimes supported by one of the superpowers
  • 8. THIRD WORLD REVOLUTIONS • Mao Zedong – 1958, introduced Great Leap Forward (unsuccessful) – 1966 Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution • Rid country of old customs, old culture, old habits, and old ideas – “Lost Generation” sent to country side to reeducate • In Guatemala, the CIA toppled the progressive government of Jacobo Arbenz in 1954 • in Cuba, Fidel Castro launched a successful guerilla war against the US-backed Batista regime in the late 1950s • Che Guevara (1928-1967), Marxist revolutionary and champion of the Cuban Revolution and Third World
  • 9. POST WAR TENSIONS: FIRST WORLD • Civil Rights Movements • African American Civil Rights, NAACP • Integration, racial tensions cause riots • feminism: March in NYC 1970 • Friedan, women more independent, work oriented rather than family oriented, sexual revolution and birth control • Anti-War Movements • Kent State Shooting: Anti-Vietnam • lead to heightened non-violent civil disobedience, along with Ghandi and MLK, Jr.
  • 10. POST WAR TENSIONS: SECOND WORLD/ COMMUNISM • Soviet Union Control • Buffer countries were against such a strong-hold of communist control • Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia • Prague Spring of 1968: political reforms to try to loosen control -> caused tensions between USSR and satellites • USSR response: give limited political freedom in exchange for loyalty
  • 11. RESULTS • Decolonization was now complete • Three World Order replaced old European dominance • US and USSR now superpowers, not Europe • “nation-states” now form of organizing, not empires • states given more power because they were no longer under control of a “mother-country”

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