GENETIC
ENGINEERING

GENETIC ENGINEERING MEAN:-
Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation,
is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.

GENETIC MANIPULATION USING BIO TECHNOLOGY:-
 Genetic
manipulation
includes process
like “Inserting
DNA into Host
Genome “
 This is possible
with discovery of
“CRISPR”

CRISPR:-
Clustered
Regularly
Interspaced
Short
Palindromic
Repeats

WHAT IS CRISPR ?
Crispr-CAS9 is a Family
Of DNA sequence that
Is found in Prokaryotic
Organism like Bacteria.
Cas9 (Or "Crispr-
associated Protein 9")
is an enzyme that uses
Crispr Sequences as a
guide to recognize DNA
that are
complementary to the
Crispr Sequence.

HOW IT WORKS
 The Crispr-CAS System is
a Prokaryotic Immune
System that confers
resistance to foreign
genetic elements like
Plasmids and Phages.
 It is process that was
discovered in DNA
sequence of certain
Bacteria.

 Their DNA that contains
snippets of the DNA of
virus that have previously
attacked them to allow
them to recognise any
threat in future.
 The method by which the
new DNA becomes part of
their own has been
replaced to allow
modification of their own
DNA .
 This organism in theory
allows us edit to be made
to any part of genome.

HOW IT WILL HELP TO HUMANS.
It will help human in making :-
Genetically Modify Crops
More Efficient Biofuel
Ending Diseases
 Designer Baby
 Eternal Youth( Increase In
Life Extensity)
Super Soldier

IS IT POSSIBLE?

ENDING DISEASES

HOW CAS9 WILL HELP ENDING DISEASES
According to scientist diseases like HIV ,Harpies , Malaria etc. would
be destroyed by injecting modified Cas9 in the body.
In which RNA of Virus is inserted so that Cas9 can cut RNA of Virus
And Free cell from virus.
In 2015 a herd of scientist performed a experiment in which rats are
taken having 99% of cell infected by HIV virus .
But after inserting Cas9 in Tail it Decreases Up to 48%.
So other diseases can also be cure by this method.
Beside this CANCER & GENETIC DISEASES can also be cured .

CANCER
CRISPR gives us mean to edit
immunity cell and make them better
cancer hunters.
In 2016 first cancer infected human
patient’s treatment was approved in
US.
In 2017 Chinese scientist discovered
that they can cure lung cancer by
using Cas9.

GENETIC DISEASES
Genetic diseases like colour
blindness , Huntington's diseases ,
haemophilia etc. can be cured .
Over 3000 genetic diseases cause
due to single incorrect letter in our
DNA.
Scientist are already building a
modified version of CAS9 Which can
make a change in single letter in
DNA.

DESIGNER BABY

HOW IT IS
POSSIBLE ?
 A designer baby is
a baby whose genetic
makeup has been
selected or altered to
include a particular gene
or to remove genes
associated with disease.
By parents in children by
manipulation fertilized
egg before in-vitro
fertilization.

Parents can Decide:-
Gender
Appearance
Intelligence
Resistance against Diseases
Personality
Further it will possible to Design
every part of Genome:-
Eye colour
Hair colour
Body colour

ADVANTAGES
Reduce genetic and inherited diseases.
Life span may increase.
Children may acquire the genes , which are not present in
their parent DNA.

DISADVANTAGES
Damage to over all gene pool.
Loss of indivuality.
Some gene could have
multipurpose & if changed
could widely unpredictable
consequences.
Development of new diseases
and vulnerabilities.
Process is incredibly expensive.

ETERNAL YOUTH (ANTI AGING)
Two-Third of
1,50,000 people die
of Age Related
Causes.
Age can be increase
by killing Senescent
cell (Zombie cell) &
by increasing no of
Stem cell.

Recently in 2016 scientist
inserted protein in mice
to killed senescent cell .
It kills 80% of senescent
cell without harming
healthy cell.
Mice live 30% longer than
average.
Senescent Cell

In early 2015 scientist inserted stem cell
in mice .
Took stem cell from baby mouse and
insert it in hypothalamus of middle age
mouse.
After 4 months brain and mussels were
better than other mice.
On average mice live 10% longer and
grow of hair of mouse is also seen better
than average mice.
Stem Cell

GENETICALLY MODIFY
CROPS
 Genetically modified crops (GM crops)
in which DNA has been modified by
using Genetic engineering.
 Examples in food crops include
resistance to certain pests, diseases,
environmental conditions, reduction
of spoilage, resistance to chemical
treatments or improving the nutrient
profile of the crop.
 Some example of GM crops are Bt
maize , Bt brinjals , GM bananas, etc.

SUPER SOLDIER
 The super soldier is a
concept soldier, often fictional,
capable of operating beyond
normal human limits or
abilities.
 Within this century, human
beings will be capable of
changing their genes to
modify traits like intelligence,
or even instincts like
aggression, the renowned
physicist Stephen Hawking
predicted.
 But technology today is
limited so super soldier is just
a theory which can be full fill
in near future