PROFINET is an open Industrial Ethernet standard developed by the PROFIBUS Organisation for automation and process industries. It uses Ethernet communication protocols like TCP/IP for non-real time communications and provides a real-time channel for time-critical process data communications. PROFINET supports distributed intelligence, modular and component-based design approaches and provides high performance deterministic real-time communications capabilities required for motion control and process applications. It also enables integration with existing PROFIBUS installations.

1. Overview and Application of
PROFINET
DereK Lane - WAGO Ltd
Most slides courtesy
of Andy Verwer

2. Page 2Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
What exactly is
PROFINET?
• PROFINET is an open Industrial Ethernet standard
developed by the PROFIBUS Organisation - PI.
• PROFINET
– is completely standard Ethernet (IEEE802.3).
– operates at 100Mbit/s over twisted-pair copper or fibre-
optic cables,
– makes use of TCP/IP and other IT standards for non-real-
time communications (i.e. configuration and parameters).
– Provides a “real-time” channel for time-critical
communications (i.e. process data)
• PROFINET is NOT PROFIBUS over Ethernet!
• However, PROFINET is well thought out to
incorporate the requirements of modern systems
based on the lessons learned from PROFIBUS.

3. Page 3Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Component
Based
Automation
Network
Engineering
and
Maintenance
Asset
Management
Deterministic
real-time
operation WEB
integration
Decentralized
Peripherals
Safety
and
Security
Integration
with
Fieldbus
Wireless
PROFINET Scope
and Application Areas
Motion
Control
Process
Control
Manufacture
materials
handing
storage

4. Page 4Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
PROFINET IO
• PROFINET IO provides decentralised peripherals
using Ethernet connection and the PROFINET
communication protocol.
• PROFINET IO uses Real-Time and Non Real-Time
communications.
• PROFINET makes use of relevant TCP/IP protocols
for setup, configuration and maintenance functions:
– DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol,
– DNS – Domain Name Service,
– SNMP – Simple Network Management Protocol,
– ARP – Address Resolution Protocol,
– HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.

5. Page 5Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
PROFINET
PROFINet stack
(OSI model):
Network
7 - Application Layer PROFINET Application Layer
6 - Presentation Layer
5 - Session Layer
4 - Transport Layer TCP/UDP PROFINET
Real-time channel3 - Network Layer IP
2 - Data Link Layer Standard Fast Ethernet
IEEE802.31 - Physical layer
Non time-critical
communication
Real-time
communication

6. Page 6Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
PROFIBUS
OSI Model
FMS DP PA
Physical (1)
Application (7)
OSI
model
Layers (3) to (6)
not used in
fieldbus systems
Data Link (2)
RS485 / Fibre-Optic MBP
(IEC61158-2)
Fieldbus Data Link (FDL)
DP cyclic functions (DPV0)
also DPV1, DPV2 extensions
Fieldbus Message
Specification

7. Page 7Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
PROFINET
HTTP SNMP Socket
IP
TCP / UDP
Sensor system
PROFINET
PLC
PC
SNMP/OPC server
PROFINET
Field devices
PC
Internet Explorer
Real-Time
RT IRT
Ethernet
PROFINET features standard TCP/IP communications
in compliance with IEEE 802.3 and real-time
communications
PROFINET communications

8. Page 8Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
PROFINET IO
• The TCP/IP channel is used for non-time critical
tasks.
– Downloading of configuration, parameters,
– Diagnostics,
– Device management information, etc.
• The Real-Time channel is used for time-critical data:
– Cyclic process data,
– Alarms and critical messages,
– Communication monitoring.
• The PROFINET application layer protocol is defined
in the International Fieldbus standard IEC61158
(type 10).

9. Page 9Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Ethernet
IO-Controller
(PLC)
Field Device
IO-Device
PROFINET Supervisor
(Engineering tool)
PROFINET Devices
Equivalent to a
PROFIBUS
master Class-I
Equivalent to a
PROFIBUS
master Class-II
Equivalent to a
PROFIBUS slave
• Configuration
• Process data
• Alarms
• Diagnostics
• Status
• Parameters

10. Page 10Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Configuration – like PROFIBUS

11. Page 11Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Channels
Cyclic IO communication
every 8 ms
every 4 ms
every 16 ms
The
communication-
cycletime can
be defined for
each IO Device
seperately
write
read
PROFIBUS DP has same response time for all Slaves
Set by the Baudrate.
write
read
write
read

12. Page 12Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Peer to peer (multicast)
Consumer
Provider
Consumer- Provider relations have to be configured equivalent PROFIBUS DPV2
multicast Address 1
multicast address 2
multicast address 3
Consumer

13. Page 13Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
PROFINET IO
• Many features that have been developed for
PROFIBUS devices have been directly
incorporated into PROFINET:
– Standardised module and channel-related diagnostics,
– Alarm and status information,
– Identification and Maintenance (I&M) functions,
– Time stamping,
– Highly deterministic process cycle timing
(Isochronous),
– Device description file (GSD) with configuration data
for the device and available modules – PROFINET uses
GSDML (XML file)

14. Page 14Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Alarms
Alarm!
Problem in process or device
(different alarm types)
Alarm! diagnostics message available
diagnostics Request
diagnostics Response

15. Page 15Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Diagnostics
device module channel
PROFINET device modelling
only channel-related
diagnostics in PROFINET

16. Page 16Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Diagnostics
reading the diagnostics in IO Supervisor
reading the diagnostics in IO controller via
function blocks
like
PROFIBUS DP

17. Page 17Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Device exchange
Peter Paul Mary
loading the device name via
software or
hardware
Paul
IO Controller integrates exchanged
device automatically.
IP assignment
parameter download
device name equivalent to
station address at PROFIBUS

18. Page 18Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Device exchange without software – Step 1
Link Layer Discovery Protocol
at Switch1: Peter
at Switch2: Paul
at Swich 3: Mary
Peter Paul Mary
cycl. LLDP
multicast
cycl. LLDP
multicast
cycl. LLDP
multicast
LLDP/ SNMP is part of
Conformance Class 2

19. Page 19Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Device exchange without software – Step 2
Link Layer Discovery Protocol
at Switch1: Peter
at Switch2: Paul
at Swich 3: Mary
Peter Paul Mary
switch1 announces via SNMP:
bus is cut at port 2
Controller
knows:
paul is
missing

20. Page 20Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Device exchange without software – Step 3
Link Layer Discovery Protocol
Peter „Who am I?“ Mary
switch1 announces via SNMP:
at port 2 bus is back
again
controller:
„you are Paul“
IP will be
assigned
at Switch1: Peter
at Switch2: Paul
at Swich 3: Mary

21. Page 21Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Device exchange without software – Step 4
Link Layer Discovery Protocol
at Switch1: Peter
at Switch2: Paul
at Swich 3: Mary
Peter Paul Mary
cycl. LLDP
multicast
cycl. LLDP
multicast
cycl. LLDP
multicast

22. Page 22Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Component
Based
Automation
Network
Engineering
and
Maintenance
Asset
Management
Deterministic
real-time
operation WEB
integration
Decentralized
Periphery
Safety
and
Security
Integration
with
Fieldbus
Wireless
PROFINET Scope
Motion
Control
Process
Control
Manufacture
materials
handing
storage

23. Page 23Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Real-Time Operation
• What does “Real-Time” mean?
– A real-time control system responds in a deterministic
manner within a time which is short compared to the plant
response time.
– i.e. it depends on the application!
• Standard communications (IT)
– requires a response in the order of ~100ms.
• Factory automation
– requires a response time in the order of ~10ms.
• Motion control
– requires a response time in the order of ~1ms with a jitter
<1 s.

24. Page 24Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Real-Time Operation
• PROFINET makes use of:
– TCP/IP for standard communications, achieving
response times reliably less than 100ms.
– A Real-Time, RT, channel for I/O communications,
achieving reliable cycle times < 10ms with <1ms jitter.
– Isochronous Real-Time, IRT, channel for highly
deterministic performance (e.g. servos robotics NC),
achieving reliable cycle times < 1ms with <1 s jitter.
• RT and IRT communications are totally compatible
with TCP/IP.
– Since the information is transmitted as a standard
Ethernet package.

25. Page 25Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Real-Time Operation
• PROFINET IRT complies with IEEE 1588 –
“Precision clock synchronization protocol for
networked measurement and control
systems”.
• However this not always good enough!
• PROFINET extensions to IEEE 1588 provide
better accuracy with:
– Automatic determination and compensation of the
network transmission time.
– Resulting in less than 1µs jitter at 100Mbit/s.

26. Page 26Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Isochronous
Real-Time Performance
0 1ms Cycle time
n
100ms
TCP/IP
traffic
100% jitter
10ms
15%
jitter
RT
traffic
IRT
traffic
<1 s
jitter

27. Page 27Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Component
Based
Automation
Network
Engineering
and
Maintenance
Asset
Management
Deterministic
real-time
operation WEB
integration
Decentralized
Periphery
Safety
and
Security
Integration
with
Fieldbus
Wireless
PROFINET Scope
Motion
Control
Process
Control
Manufacture
materials
handing
storage

28. Page 28Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Integration with
Fieldbus
• Over 43 million PROFIBUS devices are currently
installed worldwide.
• This investment is protected with PROFINET for
both manufacturers and end-users.
• PROFINET provides a transparent interface with
PROFIBUS via a “Proxy”.
• The Proxy is a PROFINET IO device on one side and
a PROFIBUS master on the other.
• PROFIBUS Configuration is integrated into the
PROFINET configurator and is downloaded via
Ethernet.

29. Page 29Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Integration with
Fieldbus
PROFIBUS DP
PROXY
PROFIBUS PA
INTERBUS-S
PROXY
PROFINET
Other fieldbusses?

30. Page 30Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
PROFINET – Flexible network
topologies
Benefits and added value for our customers
– Bus structure through integration of switch ports in devices
– Tree and star topologies for tree'd configurations
– Redundant rings with reconfiguration in real time
Cost reduction and
more flexibility
High availability
Bus
Star
Ring
Tree

31. Page 31Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Component
Based
Automation
Network
Engineering
and
Maintenance
Asset
Management
Deterministic
real-time
operation WEB
integration
Decentralized
Periphery
Safety
and
Security
Integration
with
Fieldbus
Wireless
PROFINET Scope
Motion
Control
Process
Control
Manufacture
materials
handing
storage

32. Page 32Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Component Based
Automation
• Component Based Automation is a modular
architecture for distributed control.
• Based upon an “object oriented approach” to
distributed automation.
• Component Based Automation provides a
scalable architecture for dealing with
complex distributed control systems.

33. Page 33Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Component Based
Automation
• Consider a manufacturing application consisting
of a number of machines from different
vendors.
• Each will incorporate a local control system to
automate the machine.
• These intelligent machines must communicate in
order schedule and control production.
Data exchange between intelligent devices within the plant
Machine 1
Wash Fill Cap
Machine 2
Pack
Machine 3

34. Page 34Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Component Based
Automation
• The OEM develops the application software for
their device.
• And creates an “application specific” component
• With an agreed standardised interface.
Access via
standardised
component
interface
Pack
component
FB
FB
FB

35. Page 35Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Component Based
Automation
• Components can be exercised and tested by the
machine vendor separately from the final application.
• Software components are then “wired” together to
build the plant control system:
Rotary table
Reset
Freigabe
turn
Start
operates
finished
Done
fault
Conveyor section 1
Reset
Enable
Stop
Start
operates
finished
Done
fault
Conveyor section 2
operates
finished
Done
fault
Reset
Enable
Stop
Start

36. Page 36Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Component Based
Automation
Import components into
library
2
Vendor
A
Project
program
Link
components
3
A1
PROFInet connection editor
A2
A
B
C
B
C
Fill
A
Component
description
Vendor
B
Project
program
Component
description
Close
B
Vendor
C
Project
program
Pack
C
Component
description
Bottom up
development: Create
components
1

37. Page 37Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Component Based
Automation
• The component software connection is
independent of the communication connections:
Pack
Fill
Cap
Proxy
PROFIBUS
Ethernet

38. Page 38Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Component
Based
Automation
Network
Engineering
and
Maintenance
Asset
Management
Deterministic
real-time
operation WEB
integration
Decentralized
Periphery
Safety
and
Security
Integration
with
Fieldbus
Wireless
PROFINET Scope
Motion
Control
Process
Control
Manufacture
materials
handing
storage

39. Page 39Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Functional Safety
with PROFINET
• PROFINET also offers safety oriented
communication that allows for integrating safety
oriented components.
• A second 'safety fieldbus' is not necessary.
• ProfiSafe V2 is certified according to IEC61158 &
IEC 61784-1/-2 Safety Integrity Level 3 (SIL3).
• ProfiSafe is a profile that can run over PROFIBUS
or PROFINET.

40. Page 40Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Functional Safety
with PROFINET
Standard
PROFINET
protocol
Standard
application
Safety
application
Ethernet
PROFISAFE
layer
Standard
PROFINET
protocol
Standard
application
Safety
application
PROFISAFE
layer
PROFINET
“Black-
channel”
PROFIsafe
layer
• PROFIsafe V2 provides functional safety for both
PROFIBUS and PROFINET systems.
• Suitable for use in SIL3 applications.

41. Page 41Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Conformance Classes
Node Classes
IO Device
IO Controller
IO Supervisor
Application Classes
IRT Application
NON IRT Application
Communication Classes
NRT
RT
IRT
Performance Classes
1 MinDeviceInterval 8ms
2 MinDeviceInterval 2ms
3 MinDeviceInterval 1ms
.
.
.
Conformance Classes

42. Page 42Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
• PROFINET builds on the success of PROFIBUS and
ensures a future for both.
• PROFINET has been in development for about 15
years.
• Take up of Industrial Ethernet has been slower than
initially predicted.
• PROFIBUS is still growing exponentially – currently
over 43 million devices installed.
• Over 5 million PROFINET devices are currently
installed – currently growing at about 40% per year!
Industrial Acceptance
and Applications

43. Page 43Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Industrial Acceptance
and Applications
• In 2004, AIDA, a
consortium of the big
four European automotive
manufactures announced
adoption of PROFINET as
the industry standard.
• The main reasons for this decision were reported to
be:
– The integration of safety-related information, PROFIsafe
– The simple integration of existing PROFIBUS and Interbus
systems.
– PROFIenergy reduction in energy bills

44. Page 44Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Some Myths about
PROFINET
• PROFIBUS runs at up to 12Mbit/s, whereas
PROFINET runs at 100Mbit/s. Therefore
PROFINET is about 8 times faster than PROFIBUS.
NOT TRUE!
– PROFINET gives very similar performance to
PROFIBUS. (new 31.25 micro seconds possible)
• PROFINET will replace PROFIBUS in the next five
years.
NOT TRUE!
– PROFINET will replace most PROFIBUS DP
devices, but PROFIBUS PA will continue.
– Both DP and PA will be supported for many years
to come.

45. Page 45Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Some Myths about
PROFINET
• PROFINET is not standard Ethernet
NOT TRUE!
– PROFINET always uses completely standard
Ethernet. It just doesn’t always use TCP/IP
protocols – only for non time critical
communications. (except iRT requires ERTEC)
• PROFINET systems can be maintained by IT people.
TRUE, BUT NOT A GOOD IDEA!
– PROFINET is much more than just an IT network.
Real time determinism, reliability, device
diagnostics and security are all much more
important than on IT systems

46. Page 46Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
PROFINET problems
• It is widely accepted that 90% of all PROFIBUS
problems are caused by poor layout and installation.
• PROFINET will generally reduce these physical-layer
problems because all Ethernet wiring is point-to-point
(only two devices on a cable, internal termination).
• However, it will not eliminate wiring problems.
– We will still see problems with routing, interference
pickup, grounding etc. etc. (use STP not UDP cables)
• Software problems may be more common since the range
of protocols used is very extensive.
• The problems associated with Industrial Ethernet
systems are quite different to those in IT.
– people with IT experience need additional training.

47. Page 47Introduction to PROFINET, Derek Lane – WAGO Ltd – most slides courtesy of Andy Verwer VTC
Field device
Web/TCP/IP
Diagnostics
IWLAN
Automation topologies with PROFINET
HMIPG/PC PLC
Field device
Drive
Motion
Control
Access-
Point
PROFINET – use one bus
for all your tasks!