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Continuing education
- 2. PRINCY FRANCIS M IST YR MSC(N) JMCON
- 3. PLANNING CONTINUING EDUCATION PROGRAM Planning is essential to Meet the nursing needs Use available resources Meet needs at all level Avoid duplication and fragmentation of efforts
- 4. Cont.. Helps keep at a minimum any gaps in meeting the continuing education needs of nurses Planning requires representation of all groups involved; determination of common and compatible goals for successful programming The rapid technology advances and proliferation of knowledge demands continuous plan to meet everchanging learning needs.
- 5. PLANNING PROCESS 1. Establishing goals with the purpose or philosophy of the organization Planning formula What has to be done? Why is it necessary? How is it to be done? Where is to be done? When is it to be done? Why should do the job?
- 6. 2. Establishing goals and objectives OBJECTIVES ■ To assist the nurse in identifying and meeting current learning needs generated by changing professional practice. ■ To encourage the nurse to identify and influence societal changes which have implication for nursing and to modify practice accordingly. ■ To promote the development of leadership potential of nurse ■ To identify nursing problem and in seeking solution to them.
- 7. Cont… ■ To disseminate new information from varied channel ■ To facilitate return to practice ■ To assess the health needs of nurses, hospital and community to plan, implement and evaluate educational programs in hospital and health facilities. ■ To seek opportunity for and collaborate with other health disciplines to effect improvement in the delivery of health care systems.
- 8. Cont…. 3. Determining needs and priorities 4. Assessing available resources for establishing the program 5. Plan the budget, appropriate for the program
- 9. Writing the proposal SAMPLE FORMAT FOR BUDGET Project title Project period from…..To……. Personnel services # list of all position titles # give the annual rates #Percent of time on the project # Projected increase in the salaries # Funds needed to cover emergencies.
- 10. Cont… Supplies and expenses ■ Office supplies ■ Duplication services ■ Instructional material ■ Telephone ■ Reference body and publications ■ Printing of form
- 12. SAMPLE PROPOSAL ABSTRACT Proposal title Submitted by Problem Objectives Procedures Time table Budget total.
- 13. Points to be considered when planning continuing nursing education : Most individuals are motivated to continue their learning beyond their professional education Participation is strongly influenced by individuals past experience It should support health professionals natural desire to learn. Health professionals should be encouraged to accept the personal responsibility for learning. It must be planned according to adult learning principle.
- 14. STEPS IN CONDUCTING CONTINUING EDUCATION CONDUCT NEED ASSESSMENT ESTABLISH OVERALL GOALS CONDUCT TASK ANALYSIS SPECIFY OBJECTIVES DEVELOP ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES SELECT METHODS AND MEDIA PRODUCE MATERIALS CONDUCT FORMATIVE EVALUATION CONDUCT SUMMATIVE EVALUATION
- 15. EVALUATION PURPOSE To identify the areas which require greater attention in terms of participation of trainees, academic activities and management. To identify bottlenecks in various activities carried out during the operation of the program To assess the applicability of training in the field or in actual situation Qualitative improvement in instruction, promote better training, determine future changes and needs. For quality control and qualitative improvement.
- 16. WHAT TO EVALUATE? • The professional growth and satisfaction of participants • The outcome of the course and whole program • Effectiveness of the faculty member • Transfer of knowledge • Effect on the system
- 17. EVALUATION DESIGN • Focus of evaluation- what do you want to find out • Devise the instrument • Organize the information • Analyze the information • Report the findings • Reassessing the goals • Updating, modifying the plan periodically based on needs. • Evaluate the design for validity, reliability, credibility, timeliness and pervasiveness
- 18. STEPS IN CONTINUING EDUCATION PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT Identify the problems that focus on health care. Analyze needs or problems to determine if there is a potential educational solution. Identify potential facilitators of and barriers to the learning process. Select educational needs based on priority system. Select or design a learning experience to meet the goals and objective.
- 19. Cont… Implement the learning experience. Evaluate the extent to which learners achieved objectives. Determine the extent to which the original problems has been reduced. Identify any additional tasks necessary to meet the need based on evaluation data.
- 20. CONTINOUS NURSING EDUCATION Systematic learning experience designed to enlarge knowledge and skills of nurses. Provide best patient care. Development of qualities for execution of professional duties throughout a career.
- 21. INSERVICE EDUCATION It is a planned learning experience provided by the employing agency for employees. It includes orientation skill training, leadership training, management skills development, staff developments programs. Methods of delivering includes forum, ward teaching, discussion, laboratory, conferences, seminars, workshops, field trips.
- 22. DISTANCE EDUCATION It is any learning experience that takes place a distant away from the parent institutions, home campus or central head quarters. It can be done through videoconferencing, audioconferencing, computer conferencing, webcast etc. It is primarily self-learning as part time or whole-time base, where the student makes progress according to his own capacity. It is cost effective
- 23. CNE • Kerala Nurses Council awards a credit hour for CNE Programmes organised by Educational Institutions and Hospitals in Kerala. • Various programs include skill development program, faculty professional role development program, health care ethics program and various sections include Special health care problems, Biological, physical, behavioral and social sciences, Legal issues of health care, Nursing administration, Teaching of health care personnel and patients, Personal development and Clinical practice review.
- 24. JOURNALS Effectiveness of continuing education programmes in nursing: literature review Benefits and Costs of Continuing Nursing Education: An Analytical Survey Continuing Nursing Education: Best Practice Initiative in Nursing Practice Environment
- 25. BIBLIOGRAPHY Neeraja KP.Textbook of nursing education. New Delhi,: Jaypee brothers medical publishers; 2013. Neeraja KP. Communication and technology Sudha R. Nursing education principles and concepts. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2013. Basheer PS.Textbook of nursing education. Banglore: Emmess medical publishers;2015. Raj BED, Bhaskar N.Textbook of nursing education. India : Emmess Medical publishers; 2003. http://www.nursingcouncil.kerala.gov.in/index.php/about-us www.delhinursingcouncil.com
- 26. CONT… Maziah M, MarzukiA, Hassan H,WichaikhumO, Nantsupawat R. Continuing Nursing Education: Best Practice Initiative in Nursing Practice Environment. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2012.Volume 60 ;450 – 455. Griscti O, Jacono J. Effectiveness of continuing education programmes in nursing: literature review. 2006 June 15. Turner P. Benefits and Costs of Continuing Nursing Education: An Analytical Survey.The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing. 1991 ,May.Volume 22 ·(Issue 3): 104-108. Penz K, Stewart N, Smith B , Morgan D. Barriers to Participation in Continuing Education Activities Among Rural and Remote Nurses.The Journal of continuing education in Nuring.2007, March .Volume 38(issue 2);58-66. Witt, Catherine L. Continuing Education:A Personal Responsibility.Advances in neonatal care.2011, august.Volume 11 (issue 4); 27-228.
Editor's Notes
- of continuing education is it’s a life-long process. It is from womb to tomb. The integrated process of keeping abreast of new realms of knowledge from, pre-kindergarten to the post retirement age can be given the title of continuing education. It can occur at all place and all hours3.
- a successful cne programme is a result of careful and detailed planning. Helps to avoid duplication and fragmentation of efforts.
- Purpose gives direction in planning. A reason for existencwe. Based on learning needs and social needs. So it can be reviewd form time to time. It provides a framework for program planning What has to be done? Understand clearly what your unit is expected to do in relation to the work assigned to it. Break the unit works into separate jobs in terms of the economic use of the men , material, equipment, space and money. Why is it necessary? When breaking the units into separate jobs think of the objectives of each job. The best ways to improve any job is to eliminate unnecessary motion, materials etc. How is it to be done? In relation to each job, look for better ways of doing it in terms of the utilization of material, equipment and money. Where is it to be done? Study the flow of work and the availability of the materials and equipment best suited men for doing the job. When is to be done? Fit the job onto a time schedule that will permit the maximum utilization of men, material, equipment and money and the completion of the job at the wanted time. Provision must be made for possible delays and emergencies. Who should do the job? Determine what skills are needed to do the job successfully, select or train the man best fitted for the job.
- Panning moves towards goals wich are significant, realistc, attainable. The objectives are specific
- 3.. Assessment of needs will be done by survey, through mailed questionnaires, interview formal and informal discussions with participants and checklist. After assessing the needs prioritization of needs has to be done 4. Faculty finances and facilities may be seen as the major resources. A broad survey of the major resources are necessary to the total continuing nursing education program . 5.. Self supporting. Some budget will be sanctioned by government, university grants or fee collected from participants. The coordinators have to write the proposal after the problem has been identified and substantiating data collected, guideline studied, guidelines have to be followed in writing the proposal5.
- Equipment ;_ Office equipment Duplicating equipment Cost of maintenance agreement Audio visual equipment Purchased or rented Travel:- Number of trips Place of trip By whom Cost per trip Space needs and monthly rental Other costs Insurance Miscellaneous Trainee costs Subsistence Travel Salary Spaces for classes
- Conduct need assessment Need assessment is a critical part of a systematic approach to developing educational project within the organization. The approach to need assessment in continuing education for the health professionals is systematic process based on a carefully developed plan. The plan calls for describing the purpose of the needs assessment activity, the uses of the finding, the issues that will be examined and specification of the resources required. The purpose of need assessment is to determine better the nature, extent and priority of educational needs to develop continuing educational programs that address the needs of the learners within the limited resources. No matter the size or setting of continuing education programme, any education design process must be based on learning theory and the principles of adult learning. Establish overall goals After assessing the needs, the organizer such as hospital personnel department must formulate the overall goals for organizing continuing nursing education program. The goals must be based on the needs assessment of their employees and it should be practical, agreeable and attainable. Conduct task analysis Organizing continuing nursing education is a challenging task which requires a careful analysis. This involves the program content preparation delivery, audio-visual materials and methods, budget for the program, the output to be achieved, etc. Each one requires careful planning and implementation. So a task analysis helps the organizer to be prepared for the program. Specify objectives The specific objectives can be formulated which should be measurable, observable and verifiable. It should be directly related to the needs assessment of the learner. This directs the organizer to prepare for the content and to choose methods of teaching and materials used for teaching. It also helps in developing evaluation strategies. It helps learner to recognize and realize what to be learned out of participating such continuing nursing education program. Develop assessment strategies The next step is selection and formulating assessment strategies to evaluate at the end of the program. The evaluation strategies are decide based on the topic, content, level of learner, the domain to be evaluated, time factors etc. a well-planned and prepared evaluation tool helps in assessing the learner which gives the organizer the effectiveness of such program in fulfilling the objectives and goals. Select methods and media The methods for continuing nursing education might be a seminar, workshop, demonstration, panel discussion etc.it should help the learner to achieve specific objectives. It should be based on the number of participants, content and duration of program. The media includes audio media, video media and print media. Produce materials This is the phase where actual education program is conducted using the predetermined methods and media. It involves actual participation of the learners. Conduct formative evaluation It is an ongoing evaluation which is done while the program is in progress. It gives immediate feedback to the organizer. Based on the evaluation, revision can be done when it is required. Conduct summative evaluation It is the final evaluation done at the end of the program. It helps the organizer to review the whole program and to analyze the success of the program. It also helps to identify the areas of improvement, modification, budgetary controls and others4.
- to assess the effectiveness of the program or the progress in order to find out what extent preset goals have been achieved. evaluation should be done at different stage of the programme. (preparatory phase, implementation phase, impact of program, process and management systems).
- Procedues for evaluation chart
- Effectiveness of continuing education programmes in nursing: literature review The aim of this paper is to review the literature on what facilitates or inhibits continuing education in nursing and to identify ways to make continuing education more effective. A literature search was conducted in January 2005 using CINAHL, Medline, the Cochrane databases and the Internet. Factors that facilitate the implementation of continuing education in nursing arise from individual, professional and organizational perspectives. While the philosophy behind continuing education is to encourage nurses to become lifelong learners, the learning method chosen for such programmes is often didactic in nature, as opposed to encouraging nurses to take initiative and direct their own learning. Continuing education is intended to ensure healthcare practitioners’ knowledge is current, but it is difficult to determine if those who attend these courses are implementing what they have learnt.To make continuing education programmes more effective, nurses need to have a more participatory role in their learning. A concerted effort should be made to make continuing education attainable and realistic9. Benefits and Costs of Continuing Nursing Education: An Analytical Survey Federal and statutory requirements demand and professional associations, health care agencies, and individual nurses expect benefits from nurses' participation in continuing nursing education (CNE). These benefits include: competence; improved quality of care; personal benefits, such as self-satisfaction; and social benefits, such as shorter hospital stays for patients. However, it is not clear from the literature whether CNE provides what is expected. Also, the costs of CNE are not clear. In this research, 244 registered nurses rated the benefits and identified the costs of CNE via a mailed survey. Personal benefits, accruing to the individual nurse, were rated highest and economic benefits were rated lowest. All cost data were positively skewed (many low costs). Opportunity cost (time lost from work) was higher than either direct (tuition) or indirect (travel, books/supplies, child care, and meals) cost. Employers were found to pay more of the cost of CNE than the individual nurse. No significant relationships were identified between the costs and the benefits of CNE10. Continuing Nursing Education: Best Practice Initiative in Nursing Practice Environment Continuing Nursing Education (CNE) within the Nursing Practice Environment (NPE) is important in determining issues associated with unsafe practice, unproductiveness or incompetent nurses. A descriptive correlational study was designed to determine the best practice initiative in NPE whereby 395 (94.3%) nurses participated. This study showed that the highest mean score was 2.91 on ‘Nursing Foundations for Quality of Care’ of which 314 (79.5%) nurses highly agreed that CNE programs are the most important. In conclusion, CNE program is the best practice initiative and it is recommended that CNE will encourage lifelong and transformational learning in the nursing career8.